五种芽苗菜黄酮提取物的体外抗氧化活性研究

以苜蓿、小麦、松柳、红豆、空心菜五种芽苗菜为原料,在80%乙醇,60℃,料液比1∶15(m·v~(-1)),2h的提取条件下提取黄酮化合物,并研究了其体外抗氧化活性,包括对超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的清除能力和对铁离子的还原能力。试验结果表明芽苗菜黄酮提取物具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,且活性与浓度呈现一定的量效关系。研究为功能食品原料的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Changes of Connexin43 Expression in Non‐pregnant Porcine Myometrium Correlate with Progesterone Concentration During Oestrous Cycle

Connexin43 (Cx43) is a major protein of myometrial gap junctions. The number of Cx43 gap junctions increase dramatically with the onset of labour in association with development of synchronized uterine contractions. The formation of myometrial gap junctions follows an increase in the oestrogen to progesterone ratio indicating an important role of steroid hormones in regulating Cx43 expression at term. However, no relationship has been established between the expression of Cx43 in the non‐pregnant myometrium and concentration of steroid hormones during the oestrous cycle. Here, we used immunofluorescence and Western blotting to analyse the expression of Cx43 gap junctions in the myometrium of pre‐pubertal pigs (n = 7) and mature pigs at pre‐ovulatory (n = 7), luteal (n = 5) and late luteal (n = 3) stages of the oestrous cycle. The number of Cx43 gap junctions calculated per 1 mm² of the myometrial section was low in pre‐pubertal pigs and significantly higher (p < 0.022) in pre‐ovulatory animals. In relation to pre‐ovulatory animals the number of myometrial gap junctions was significantly lower (p < 0.019) at the luteal phase and correlated with significantly higher (p < 0.005) concentration of endogenous progesterone. Phosphorylated isoforms of Cx43 protein were expressed in the myometrium of pre‐pubertal pigs and mature animals at pre‐ovulatory and late luteal phases, while they were down regulated at the luteal stage. These results indicate that changes of Cx43 expression in the porcine myometrium during the oestrous cycle may be regulated by progesterone concentration and may contribute to the modulation of uterine motility.     

Localization of Transforming Growth Factor Beta3 in Squamous Metaplasia of the Porcine Oviduct: a Case Report

Squamous metaplasia of the oviduct epithelium is a rare disorder of reproductive organs. We noted squamous metaplasia of the oviduct epithelium in a sow routinely slaughtered at day 2 of the oestrous cycle. Expression of transforming growth factor beta3 (TGF beta3) in the metaplastic epithelia was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, because TGF beta3 appears to play a key role as regulator of a variety of tissue remodelling events. Our results show that TGF beta3 immunostaining was specifically localized to foci of squamous metaplasia of the epithelial linings. Non‐metaplastic epithelial cells of the oviduct were not immunostained with anti‐TGF beta3 antibody. At the subcellular level, TGF beta3‐labelled cells occasionally showed signs of apoptotic cell death. It is concluded that signals produced by TGF beta3 in metaplastic lesions of the oviduct are potentially involved in pathophysiological processes.     

基于PSO-SVM的高光谱数据降维的可靠性研究

PSO结合SVM算法对高光谱数据波段进行优化,每次搜索结果不一定相同,因此很多学者对此类算法的可靠性存在疑问。为了证明PSO-SVM降维算法的可靠性,利用PSO-SVM算法对杉木和马尾松的幼中成熟林的高光谱原始数据、一阶微分变换数据、对数变换数据及归一化变换数据进行降维运算,对降维后选择的波段分别利用支持向量机（SVM）、BP神经网络、Mahalanobis距离分类法、Fisher分类法及贝叶斯分类法进行分类,分类结果中,Fisher分类法的结果最好,所有的分类结果均在90%以上,SVM和BP神经网络的分类结果都保持在80%以上,贝叶斯分类法分类精度最差,所有分类结果均未超过90%,最差结果为43.75%。同时,将PSO-SVM与PCA算法进行对比分析,发现在马尾松和杉木的分类过程中PSO-SVM算法优于PCA算法。最后得出结论,PSO-SVM算法提取的特征对Fisher、SVM及BP神经网络分类法有效;当光谱数据差异非常微小时,PSO-SVM比PCA对特征的提取更有效。     

浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析

浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。     

风干预处理对堆肥腐熟度及臭气排放量的影响

该研究以风干猪粪堆肥为处理,以新鲜猪粪堆肥为对照,在秸秆调理相同C/N基础上,对两个处理腐熟度和臭气排放进行比较分析。从温度、p H值、电导率和发芽率来看,利用新鲜猪粪和风干猪粪堆肥所得的产品均能达到腐熟和无害化标准;在硫化氢、羰基硫、二硫化碳、甲硫醚、乙硫醚、二甲二硫、甲硫醇和乙硫醇几种含硫臭气中,甲硫醚和二甲二硫占96%以上;风干猪粪堆肥比新鲜猪粪堆肥少排放71.09%的氨气,66.11%的甲硫醚和9.66%的二甲二硫。在不考虑风干环节存在的问题条件下,与新鲜猪粪堆肥相比,风干猪粪堆肥堆肥时间短,在堆肥品质提高的基础上,堆肥产品产量增加60%。通过降低水分和体积风干猪粪运输成本降低1/3,且对环境影响小,是远距离资源化处理畜禽粪便的较好途径。     

作物生态适宜性定量化评价方法及通用工具

该文研究了作物生态适宜性定量化评价方法。针对环境适宜程度的量化问题,提出了四基点生态距离计算方法,模拟了限制性因素及一般性因素的区别;在评价结果分级中,提出了二次阈值方法,将生态学意义清晰与不清晰的部分进行分离;提出了作物生态适宜性评价过程的数字化表达方法。在以上3项工作的基础上,研发了作物生态适宜性评价工具软件。以北京市冬小麦适宜性评价为例进行了应用,结果表明该评价方法和工具可以容纳主要的评价因子及主流的评价算法,具有实用性。     

花生网斑病化学防治药剂及复配增效配方的筛选

为了筛选防治花生网斑病菌的有效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定12种杀菌剂原药对花生网斑病菌的室内毒力活性,筛选出防效较好的杀菌剂;选取不同类型的杀菌剂进行复配,并对花生网斑病菌进行室内毒力测定试验。结果表明:95%咯菌腈、98.6%嘧菌酯、97%咪鲜胺、95%苯醚甲环唑、95%己唑醇、95%甲基硫菌灵、97%戊唑醇对花生网斑病菌具有较强的抑制作用。87%代森联与97%咪鲜胺按1:9复配时,具有增效作用,EC₅₀值为0.673 μg/mL。室内杀菌剂毒力测定结果显示试验选取的单剂和复配药剂均对花生网斑病菌的菌丝生长具有抑制效果,该结果为花生网斑病的研究提供了理论依据,为下一步田间防效试验奠定基础。     

苎麻（Boehmeria）绿原酸和黄酮含量测定

对苎麻属的三个种和一变种共5份材料进行了绿原酸、总黄酮含量分析测定。其叶绿原酸平均含量为0．354％，变异系数为41．25％。根的总黄酮平均含量为0．362％，变异系数为9．33％。其绿原酸、总黄酮含量低于杜仲。     

机械弹性车轮提高轮胎耐磨性和抓地性分析

为提高轮胎接地性能,对新型机械弹性车轮垂直静态接地特性进行了研究。通过对车轮结构和承载方式进行分析,分别建立了基于Timoshenko圆形梁的车轮外圈弹性圆环模型和基于连续辐板的铰链组模型,并通过非线性有限元法和试验进行了验证。根据所建立的非线性有限元模型对机械弹性车轮和子午线充气轮胎的接地特性进行了对比研究,结果表明机械弹性车轮通过悬毂式承载控制车轮外圈变形,没有胎肩处的应力集中。在载荷为5 000 N时,机械弹性车轮和充气轮胎接地印迹中心0.14 m×0.265 m矩形区域内的接地压力偏度值分别为0.424和0.536 MPa。机械弹性车轮有效降低了接地压力偏度值,改善了轮胎接地的均匀性,提高了车轮耐磨损性能和抓地性能,研究为车轮性能优化提供了参考。