有机肥、化肥配施对水稻产量的影响

通过产量构成因素相关分析可知,产量与产量构成因素之间呈显著正相关,求得有机肥、氮、磷、钾不同配比下的水稻生产最优模型,适用于以障碍型冷害为主的年份,最高产量的最优配比为２９１ ．５∶２ ．３∶１∶１．９ ．     

鱼类血液基因组DNA提取方法优化

The genomic DNA extracted from frozen whole blood of rainbow trout with methods of chloroform-potassium acetate, rapid genomic DNA extraction （RGDE） , improved RGDE, traditional phenol-chloroform and DNA reagent kit respectively, and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that mothode of improved RGDE can obtain better genomie DNA of fish. Then, the effect of extracting with improved RGDE methods were compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method with other mothods such as traditional phenol-chloroform from blood or muscle and DNA reagent kit from blood. The results showed that the average concentration of DNA extracted with method improved RGDE was 1 050 ng/μL, and was very significant higher than that by DNA kit or by phenol- chloroform, and the average output of DNA was 1 575μg/mL, and the rate of A260/A280 was between 1.65 - 1.97. It only spent 2 hours to extract DNA with the method of improved RGDE, and there were many obvious merits such as quick speed, low cost, no pollution and no using specific installations and so on, and to amplify by random primers, the rusuhs was stable,and the electrophoresis banding was clear.     

连作模式下甜菜土壤微生物研究进展

为揭示甜菜连作模式下的土壤微生物响应机制,本研究分析了甜菜连作下土壤微生物群落区系和根际微生态研究进展,初步探讨连作甜菜土壤微生物群落变化的演变规律,着重阐述土壤微生物与根际微生态在连作条件下的作用机制,并对未来的研究方向做出展望.指出连作条件下甜菜与微生物互作是一个复杂的过程,其受多重因素共同作用,与根际微生态环境密...     

“俄×中”沙棘杂交子代优良雌株选择

在半干旱区的内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙棘育种基地,从3个俄罗斯良种沙棘（母本）与中国沙棘优良类型（父本）的杂交子代雌株群体中选择出7株杂种优势显著的优良单株,它们兼有母本和父本的优良性状：营养生长和生殖生长明显超过双亲,果实产量高,营养品质好,棘刺较少,但抗旱性强弱差异明显。     

不同pH条件下罗非鱼肌肉蛋白分离效果及其功能特性的研究

利用pH调节法制备罗非鱼分离鱼蛋白.在临界pH条件下对罗非鱼肌肉蛋白进行处理得到肌肉溶解蛋白(Solution Muscle Protein,SMP),再利用等电点沉淀法对罗非鱼肌肉溶解蛋白进行分离得到肌肉分离蛋白(Isolated Muscle Protein,IMP),考查SMP的溶解率、黏度及IMP凝胶制品和常规中性漂洗(Conventional Wash)处理得到的蛋白凝胶制品的凝胶强度.以罗非鱼肌肉蛋白质在不同pH下的处理、转谷酰胺酶、食盐及凝胶化温度为因素,凝胶强度为目标参数进行正交试验设计.结果表明,与常规中性漂洗法相比, pH调节法制备的罗非鱼分离鱼蛋白具有回收效果好、功能性强的特点.     

网箱养殖对刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落组成及影响因素分析

为了评价网箱养殖对刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,于2016年10月份对刘家峡水库6个生态位点进行水样采集,采用高通量测序技术分析了浮游细菌群落特征。结果表明,刘家峡水库浮游细菌主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、蓝藻门、拟杆菌门等11个门,ACK-M1-norank、聚球藻属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、红球菌属、β变形菌属和Pelagibacteraceae-uncultured等73个属组成,浮游细菌丰度和多样性指数由水库上游至下游依次降低,网箱养殖活动使附近水体的理化性质发生变化,并导致浮游细菌多样性降低。聚球藻属、黄杆菌属、放线菌属、Limnohabitans属和不动杆菌属的种类相对丰度受网箱养殖活动影响敏感。冗余分析表明NO-3-N、TP和TN是影响刘家峡水库浮游细菌群落结构的主要水环境因子,共同解释了55.11%的群落变异。     

Quantifying growth in maricultured corals using photogrammetry

In coral mariculture, growth is one of the most common ways to track success. However, numerous methods of monitoring coral growth make comparative studies challenging. A literature review of 39 studies from 1982 to 2017 indicated that the most predominant non‐invasive methods used were linear and areal measurement and these were evaluated for their accuracy using nursery‐reared corals. The monthly change in linear and areal growth rates of six coral species (n = 215), Pocillopora acuta, Hydnophora rigida, Merulina ampliata, Podabacia crustacea, Echinopora lamellosa and Platygyra sinensis were measured via photogrammetry. We tested whether the planar area of coral colonies can be estimated using three geometric formulas of linear measurements. Based on the literature review, the six types of measurement methods were namely linear, volume, weight, area, count of polyps/branches and calcification, in decreasing order of application. Our results showed that the change in area calculated by geometric mean diameter (GMD) formulas provided the most accurate estimation among the three formulas and was strongly correlated with planar area (R² ≥ .60; p < .05) for all coral species, except E. lamellosa and Pl. sinensis. However, our findings suggest that it is not ideal to use geometric formulas to estimate the change in area. Instead, we posit that areal photogrammetry represents the simplest yet accurate non‐invasive method for rapid monitoring of extensive areas of corals in situ. Lastly, we discuss the recommendations and limitations for areal photogrammetry.     

猕猴桃AFLP分析体系的建立及其组培变异苗的动态检测

为减少猕猴桃组培过程中变异苗带来的损失,对‘Hort 16A’猕猴桃组培继代苗进行AFLP动态监测。通过试验建立了猕猴桃基因组DNA多态性的AFLP分析体系,并对R7 R11五代75个样本进行遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明：AFLP分析体系DNA最适用量为300 ng,内切酶最适用量为1 U,酶切最适时间为4 h,T4 DNA ligase最适用量为1 U,adpter最适用量为15 μL,ATP最适用量为2 μL,预扩增引物（100 μmol·L-1）最适用量为08 μL,选择性扩增Taq酶最适用量为025 μL （5 000 U·mL-1）,筛选出条带数最多的引物有8对。在遗传多样性分性中,共得到494个条带,其中多态性条带为310条,多态性比例为627%。猕猴桃组培苗继代到第9代还能较好地保持基因遗传稳定性,从第10代开始,变异率随着继代次数的增加呈明显上升趋势。     

通海县菜地土壤养分状况分析与评价

为指导通海县蔬菜种植生产实践,对通海蔬菜主产区的秀山镇的7个村组的80个土壤样品进行主要养分含量测定与统计分析,分析与评价菜地土壤的酸碱度状况和主要肥力指标。结果表明：蔬菜主产区土壤的pH平均值7.52,大部分土壤pH呈现弱碱性至碱性,土壤碱性化严重;土壤有机质含量丰富,全氮和碱解氮处于高含量标准水平,而有效磷和速效钾含量达到了较高标准水平。为此初步提出了改良土壤酸碱性,减施氮肥、适当施用有机肥、控施磷肥、稳定钾肥的建议。     

杨梅果蝇综合防治技术研究

从农业、物理、生物防治的角度出发,对昆明地区为害杨梅的果蝇进行综合防治技术研究,结果表明,果蝇对颜色无明显趋性,对气味较敏感,对水、糖、醋、酒比例为10∶6∶3∶1的糖醋液趋性最强;生物源杀虫剂0.3%印楝素乳油300倍液、600倍液,2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂600倍液对为害杨梅的果蝇均具有较好防效,且对果品安全;及时清除地上落果并运出果园集中处理,也是较好的农业防治措施。