Adenosine A2A receptor agonists inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by equine monocytes

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that regulates many physiological processes by activating one or more adenosine receptor subtypes, namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The results of previous studies indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by equine neutrophils primarily through activation of A2A receptors. Because peripheral blood monocytes produce cytokines that are responsible for many of the deleterious effects of LPS, the current study was performed to evaluate the effects of an array of novel adenosine receptor agonists on LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to assess the selectively of these agonists for equine adenosine A2A over the A1 receptor. Radioligand binding studies performed with equine tissues expressing adenosine A1 and A2A receptor subtypes yielded a rank order of affinity for the equine A2A receptor of ATL307>ATL309 approximately ATL310 approximately ATL313>ATL202 approximately ATL361 approximately ATL376>ATL372>CGS21680>NECA. Co-incubation of equine peripheral blood monocytes with LPS and these agonists resulted in inhibition of TNF-alpha production with a rank order of potency that strongly correlated with their binding affinities for equine adenosine A2A receptors. Results of experiments performed with one of the adenosine receptor agonists (ATL313) and selective adenosine receptor antagonists confirmed that inhibition of LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha occurred via stimulation of A2A receptors. Although incubation of monocytes with IB-MECA, a compound purported to act as an adenosine A3 receptor agonist, reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha production, this effect of IB-MECA was inhibited by the A2A selective antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A3 receptor antagonist MRS1220. These results indicate that the adenosine receptor subtype responsible for regulation of LPS-induced cytokine production by equine monocytes is the A2A receptor. To address the signal transduction mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of ATL313 in equine monocytes, production of cAMP was compared in the presence and absence of either the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 or the adenosine A2B receptor antagonist MRS1706. In the absence of the antagonists, ATL313 increased production of cAMP; ZM241385 inhibited this effect of ATL313, whereas MRS1706 did not. Furthermore, incubation of monocytes with either the stable analogue of cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP, or forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, also inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha production by equine monocytes. Collectively, the results of the current study indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha by equine monocytes primarily via activation of adenosine A2A receptors and do so in a cAMP-dependent manner. The results of this study indicate that stable adenosine analogues that are selective for adenosine A2A receptors may be suitable for development as anti-inflammatory drugs in horses.     

采后热处理和钙处理对苹果梨主要保护酶的影响

以延边地区主栽品种苹果梨为试材,探索了不同贮藏方式下,热处理和钙处理对采后苹果梨果实主要保护酶的影响.结果表明:无论在冷藏还是在窖藏条件下,各种处理均能明显降低苹果梨果实贮藏期间超氧阴离子自由基(O(-)/(·)2)的生成速率,有效增加SOD活性、提高苹果梨果实贮藏期和货架期的POD活性,其中以热和钙结合处理效应最显著.     

植物根际促生菌普城沙雷菌A21-4对黄瓜生长及土壤微生态的影响

为探讨植物根际促生菌普城沙雷菌A21-4在黄瓜上的应用效果,将A21-4菌悬液灌注到黄瓜根际土壤,调查其对黄瓜生长发育和根际土壤微生态的影响。结果表明,根部灌注A21-4能显著促进苗期和田间生育期黄瓜生长发育,并显著提高根系活力、产量和品质,黄瓜产量比对照增加32.22%,且黄瓜果实中蛋白质、可溶性糖和VC含量均比对照显著增加;同时,A21-4对黄瓜根际土壤具有明显的调节作用,显著提高了黄瓜根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,还提高了黄瓜根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量及黄瓜根际土壤速效氮、磷、钾的含量。     

两种种衣剂在辣椒上的应用安全性试验

以17%多福悬浮剂和20%福克悬浮剂2种种衣剂为供试材料,以辣椒为试验对象,进行温室大棚栽培试验,确认种衣剂使用的安全性,研究其对辣椒出苗、生长、果实品质及其根际土壤微生态的影响。结果表明:多福和福克对辣椒出苗和苗期生长均无显著影响,而多福影响辣椒现蕾期和开花期株高的生长,分别比对照减少4.60%和9.12%;多福减少开花期叶绿素含量,而福克无显著影响,多福和福克均显著影响辣椒根系活力,福克对根系活力的影响更为显著,在苗期、现蕾期和开花期分别比对照降低33.72%、78.05%和55.88%;多福和福克均降低辣椒品质相关指标中的硝态氮含量,分别比对照降低35.09%和27.94%;多福和福克不同程度影响辣椒根际土壤微生态,苗期和现蕾期对辣椒根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响比较明显,多福和福克不同程度减少辣椒根际土壤细菌数量,而增加真菌数量;多福减少辣椒根际土壤速效磷的含量,而福克没有显著影响。     

嘉善县2017年蔬菜生产者价格形势分析

为准确掌握嘉善县蔬菜生产动态,指导农民合理安排生产,对嘉善县2017年蔬菜生产者价格进行了调研,结果显示：嘉善县2017年全年无灾害性天气发生,蔬菜生长健壮,产量较高,蔬菜生产者价格较2016年同期一直保持低位运行,但在2—3月和8—10月两段时间较高,其他月份相对较平稳。     

Lattice Drift Technic of the Single Integral of Matrix Function and its Applications

We have set up the lattice drift technic of the single integral of matrix function and expounded in detail its special mathematical meaning; and appied this technic in the lattice calculation of the general rotation operator matrix for the quantum system in discrete bases, and using the results obtained, we calculate the evolution ratio of the probabitity distribution for the two-dimensional superposition states under the action of a general rotation operator.     

延边黄牛与利延一代牛的短期育肥屠宰试验

经８５ ｄ 的育肥试验结果表明,在育肥期间利延Ｆ１ 牛的体高、体长、胸宽、胸深、胸围和髋宽等体尺的增长值均高于延边黄牛,其中利延Ｆ１ 牛髋宽的增长值显著高于延边黄牛（ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ．育肥期间延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛的日增重分别为０ ．８９ ｋｇ 和１ ．０６ ｋｇ,利延Ｆ１ 牛比延边黄牛高１９ ．１ ％ ,差异显著（ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;消化试验结果表明,延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛对日粮中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率差异不显著（ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） ;屠宰试验结果表明,延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛的屠宰率分别是５１ ．６ ％ 和５４．４ ％ ,净肉率分别是３９ ．２ ％ 和４３ ．９ ％ ,肉骨比分别是３ ．１５ 和４ ．１８ ,眼肌面积分别是７２ ．６ ｃｍ２ 和８８ ．６ ｃｍ２ ．经检验,差异均极显著（ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ;对牛肉的一般化学成分分析结果表明,延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛之间差异不显著（ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ．     

百合试管苗快速繁殖技术的研究

对百合鳞片进行了试管快速繁殖研究．结果表明：外植体取样部位影响百合小鳞茎的增殖率,幼嫩的基部增殖率高,而外部、顶部细胞老化的鳞片增殖率低．百合小鳞茎的形成主要靠不定芽的形成．     

农村配电网自动化系统适用模式简论

自动化系统是未来实现智能电网的必要支撑技术.近年来,地方电力企业十分关注配电网自动化技术,并在农村配电网开始尝试.结合农村配电网的特点,对目前城市电网已实施的配电自动化6种典型模式进行深入研究,分析和归纳不同模式的特点,并提出因网制宜的适用范围,旨在使农村配电网科学合理地向智能电网发展.     

光通量和温差对马铃薯试管苗生长的影响

试验研究了光通量和昼夜温差对自养培养马铃薯试管苗生长的影响。结果表明:光通量为 200μmol/(m2·s)时,自养培养苗的生长、幼苗的净光合速率显著优于光通量50,100μmol/(m2·s)处理,且总气 孔数和张开的气孔数量也最多,分别为318.0和277.7个。7℃的昼夜温差有利于自养培养马铃薯试管苗的光 合作用,从而促进幼苗生长,获得健壮的植株。