轴流式风力灭火机的研究初探

阐述了国内外便携式风力灭火机的发展现状,同时从灭火性能方面对轴流风机与离心风机的优缺点进行了比较,探讨了研制轴流式风力灭火机存在的问题.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from wild birds in the Poyang Lake region of China

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious viral disease in poultry and wild birds, and it can cause significant economic loss worldwide. Eight viral strains were isolated by inoculating embryonated chicken eggs from the Poyang Lake region of China with swab samples. All eight of the NDV isolates were identified as class I genotype 3 strains, but they diverged notablely from class II viruses. Further analysis revealed that all eight NDV isolates were lentogenic strains containing the ¹¹²ERQER↓L¹¹⁷ motif at the F protein cleavage site. The strains were highly identical and were more species specific (chicken and waterfowl) than site specific (Nanchang and Duchang regions). The close phylogenetic proximity of these isolates indicates that viral transmission may happen between poultry and wild birds. Our study demonstrates that lentogenic class I NDVs exist in clinically healthy wild waterfowl and poultry within the Poyang Lake region. Active surveillance of these viruses to determine their evolution and origin is one of the most realistic strategies for preventing and controlling NDV outbreaks.     

绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR1B的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖性状。绵羊BMPR1B基因发生A746G突变(命名为FecB突变),导致第249位氨基酸由谷氨酰胺(Q)转变为精氨酸(R),进而使得绵羊排卵数和产羔数显著增加,因此BMPR1B成为目前最受关注的绵羊多羔主效基因。论文就绵羊BMPR1B基因定位、功能机制研究进展及其对高繁殖力绵羊的影响进行了综述,同时也对BMPR1B功能研究中一些亟待解决的问题展开了讨论。     

加工番茄系统抗性诱导促生菌的筛选鉴定及其促生防病效果

【目的】 筛选具有诱导番茄系统抗性的促生菌并验证其对加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的防效,为新疆加工番茄病害的生物防治提供理论依据和菌种资源。【方法】 采用稀释涂布法,分离番茄等作物的根部土壤细菌,以无菌生理盐水和稀释至10⁴倍数未接菌的NB培养基为空白对照,利用发芽实验初筛加工番茄促生菌;用菌株发酵液灌根处理加工番茄幼苗,以清水处理为空白对照,测量叶片中茉莉酸含量,复筛系统抗性诱导菌株,分别挑战接种番茄早疫病、灰霉病病原菌,统计疫情指数和诱抗效果。测定菌株16S rDNA序列,初步进行菌种鉴定。【结果】 共分离到147株细菌,筛选得到19株显著(P<0.05)促进加工番茄种子萌发、增加根长的促生菌,有4株促生菌显著(P<0.05)提高加工番茄叶片中茉莉酸含量,防病验证最终得到3株能同时有效防治加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的菌株,诱抗防效在27.59%~39.44%。菌株FY10、FY12、FY93鉴定为Bacillus atrophaeus,Pseudomonas wadenswilerensis和Bacillus pumilus。【结论】 获得3株具有系统抗性诱导功能且有效防治加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的促生菌。     

ZTC1+1澄清剂在清咽复方水提液澄清工艺中的应用

[目的]研究清咽复方水提液的澄清工艺.[方法]先通过单因素试验研究澄清剂用量、药液浓度(生药量:药液量)、絮凝温度分别对出膏率、绿原酸和总皂苷含量的影响,再通过正交试验优化最佳工艺条件.[结果]澄清剂用量对综合指标的影响最大,药液浓度次之.最佳澄清工艺:在药液浓度(生药量:药液量)为1:6(g:mL)时,加入8％B组分和4％A组分,水浴温度80℃.在此工艺条件下,出膏率为19.13％,绿原酸含量为592.81 mg/g,总皂苷含量为473.15 mg/g.[结论]ZTC1+1天然澄清剂对清咽复方水提液的澄清效果良好,且工艺稳定可行.     

Dynamics of maize grain drying in the high latitude region of Northeast China

A high grain moisture content at harvest has been an important problem in the high latitude region of Northeast China, and it is closely related to the genotypes of varieties, local meteorological factors and planting management. However, delayed harvest at a low temperature could not effectively reduce the grain moisture content. In this study, we continuously observed the grain drying during the late stage of different maturing types of maize varieties in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China in 2016 and 2017. A two-segment linear model was used to analyze the different stages of the drying processes: 1) Two-segment linear model fitting can divide the grain drying process of all varieties into two separate linear drying processes with different slopes. 2) During the rapid drying stage, the drying was faster at a higher temperature. The rate of slow drying was influenced by air vapor pressure. 3) The moisture content and meteorological factors when the drying rate turns from one stage into the other were not consistent between varieties and years. After entering the frost period, temperatures below 0°C will significantly reduce the rate of grain drying. 4) Due to the short growth period of early-maturing varieties, the drying time was prolonged, and the grain moisture content was lower than that of the mid-late maturing varieties. Local meteorological conditions do not allow the drying of mid-late maturing varieties to achieve a lower moisture content. When the temperature falls below 0°C, the drying rate of grain decreases markedly. Therefore, one feasible way to solve the problem of high moisture content is to replace the early-maturing varieties and implement the corresponding cultivation techniques.     

八仙花萼片有色原生质体游离及应用

为建立八仙花（Hydrangea macrophylla）有色原生质体游离体系,以八仙花萼片为试验材料,分别对材料的预处理方式、酶液组分、酶解时间、纯化离心力等影响酶解的关键因素进行研究。结果表明, 预处理方式选择分离花萼片上下表皮法,纤维素酶和离析酶水平分别为4%和0.4%（质量体积分数）,甘露醇0.6 mol·L^-1,酶解液加热冷却后加入 0.1%（质量体积分数）BSA和10 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂,酶解2 h,低温离心机4 ℃、1 426 r·min^-1离心5 min,为最优的八仙花萼片原生质体游离条件。利用所建的原生质体游离体系对4个不同品种的八仙花萼片进行有色原生质体游离,200× 镜下单视野内可获得13~35个有色的原生质体;对有色原生质体进行液泡的H⁺流测定,发现蓝色液泡较粉色液泡H⁺流的外排趋势明显,说明同一八仙花品种蓝色液泡的pH高于粉色液泡。     

枸芪提取物对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质及鸡蛋营养成分的影响

[目的]通过对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、氨基酸、脂肪酸成分的检测,探究枸芪提取物作为饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中的适用性,为未来实用型添加剂的开发提供理论基础.[方法]选用3 600只315日龄的健康大午金凤蛋鸡作为试验动物.随机分成对照组与处理组,每个组设12个重复,每重复150只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1％枸芪提取物的基础日粮,饲养84d.测定蛋鸡的生产性能、鸡蛋品质和鸡蛋营养成分.[结果]枸芪提取物的饲喂可显著提高蛋鸡平均蛋质量,显著降低异常蛋数(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,试验组鸡蛋品质中蛋黄颜色显著加深(P＜0.05),35～56 d、63～84 d的蛋壳质量显著提高(P＜0.05),饲养35～56 d哈氏单位、浓蛋白高度显著提高.另外,试验组显著提高鸡蛋中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸这些风味氨基酸的含量(P＜0.05),以及蛋黄中总不饱和脂肪酸的含量(P＜0.05),尤其是降低了 n-3不饱和脂肪酸的含量,同时降低蛋黄中总饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸的比例.[结论]枸芪提取物在一定程度上可提高蛋鸡的生产性能,改善鸡蛋品质,优化鸡蛋营养成分.     

基于有效拐点和最短最小路径的蚁群路径规划方法

为了提高蚁群算法路径寻优的收敛精度和收敛速度,提出一种基于有效拐点的栅格图和基于最短距离最小步数路径（最短最小路径）的蚁群算法,用于搜索地面移动机器人从起点到终点的最短路径。在标准蚁群算法路径规划中,蚂蚁的搜索方式是有限方向有限邻域,本文采取无限邻域的搜索方式,可取捷径搜索任何可直通的栅格点,并提出有效拐点的概念,减小了单步搜索量。提出最短最小路径的概念,并用其取代欧氏距离作为启发值,提高了启发值的准确度和可靠性,同时用起点到终点的最短最小距离指导信息素更新,提高了蚁群算法迭代的质量。最后,在不同规模、不同障碍比例的栅格地图环境下进行实验,结果表明用最短最小路径距离取代欧氏距离的合理性,并验证了本文方法可以在降低计算量的同时,以更快的收敛速度搜索到距离更短、步数更少的路径。     

地膜覆盖对夏玉米籽粒灌浆过程及产量的影响

为揭示地膜覆盖对夏玉米籽粒灌浆过程及产量的影响,在陕西杨凌开展田间试验,以平作不覆膜(CK)为对照,研究了平作全膜覆盖(FM)和平作半膜覆盖(HM)对夏玉米土壤温度、生长指标、灌浆过程、产量与水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:与CK相比,FM和HM提高了表层地温,促进了夏玉米生长发育和干物质积累,优化了籽粒灌浆过程,最终提高了夏玉米的产量和水分利用效率.与CK相比,FM与HM的产量分别增加了15.19％和8.34％,水分利用效率分别增加了19.75％和11.80％.地膜覆盖主要通过提高夏玉米灌浆期各阶段的灌浆速率,延长灌浆快增期持续时间,实现灌浆结束后籽粒产量的提高.与CK相比,FM与HM下夏玉米灌浆结束时理论最大百粒重分别增加了18.19％和7.78％.