Climate change will affect the ability of forest management to reduce gaps between current and presettlement forest composition in southeastern Canada

Landscape Ecology - Forest landscapes at the boreal–temperate ecotone have been extensively altered. Reducing the gap between current and presettlement forest conditions through...     

基于形态学及多基因位点的枸杞褐斑病病原鉴定

枸杞Lycium barbarum Mill.是一种药食两用的名贵中药材,褐斑病是2010年在甘肃省枸杞种植区发生的由无性态类真菌新种枸杞小黑梨孢Stigmella lycii引起的新病害,据2015年-2018年调查,该病害已扩展至甘肃省各枸杞种植区,常年发病率45%～65%,严重度2～3级。本研究首次对枸杞小黑梨孢有性态形态进行描述,并结合分子生物学方法,确定该病病原菌的系统发育地位,为该病的防治提供一定的理论依据。枸杞褐斑病菌在离体培养条件下和越冬病叶上均可形成有性态。子囊壳球形至亚球形,大小185.6μm×176.6μm,有喙,喙的大小为(35.7～53.6)μm×(32.0～53.55)μm;子囊袋状,大小(103.2～165.7)μm×(15.7～22.4)μm,含8个子囊孢子;子囊孢子砖格状,大小(25.9～36.5)μm×(9.4～14.1)μm,平均31.2μm×12.3μm,具(4～)6～7个纵隔和1～3个横隔。通过ITS、LSU、RPB2和EF1-α多基因位点联合构建系统发育树,确定该菌为子囊菌门格孢腔菌目格孢腔菌科真菌。秋末冬初清洁田园,减少来年初侵染源,是有效防治枸杞褐斑病的关键措施。     

Conductive 3D structure nanofibrous scaffolds for spinal cord regeneration

The complex nature of spinal cord injuries has provided much inspiration for the design of novel biomaterials and scaffolds which are capable of stimulating neural tissue repair strategies. Recently, conductive polymers have gained much attention for improving the nerve regeneration. In our previous study, a three-dimensional (3D) structure with reliable performance was achieved for electrospun scaffolds. The main purpose in the current study is formation of electrical excitable 3D scaffolds by appending polyaniline (PANI) to biocompatible polymers. In this paper, an attempt was made to develop conductive nanofibrous scaffolds, which can simultaneously present both electrical and topographical cues to cells. By using a proper 3D structure, two kinds of conductive scaffolds are compared with a non-conductive scaffold. The 3D nanofibrous core-sheath scaffolds, which are conductive, were prepared with nanorough sheath and aligned core. Two different sheath polymers, including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA and PLGA/PANI, with identical PCL/PANI cores were fabricated. Nanofibers of PCL and PLGA blends with PANI have fiber diameters of 234±60.8 nm and 770±166.6 nm, and conductivity of 3.17×10^-5 S/cm and 4.29×10^-5 S/cm, respectively. The cell proliferation evaluation of nerve cells on these two conductive scaffolds and previous non-conductive scaffolds (PLGA) indicate that the first conductive scaffold (PCL/ PANI-PLGA) could be more effective for nerve tissue regeneration. Locomotor scores of grafted animals by developed scaffolds showed significant performance of non-conductive 3D scaffolds. Moreover, the animal studies indicated the ability of two new types of conductive scaffolds as spinal cord regeneration candidates.     

Effect of nitrogen root zone fertilization on rice yield,uptake and utilization of macronutrient in lower reaches of Yangtze River,China

Improper application of nitrogen (N) has led to high N losses and low N use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in China. An effective method to solve such problems is the deep fertilized N in root zone (RZF). Limited information is available on the effect of RZF on the uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and rice yield. Field experiments, conducted from 2014 to 2015, compared the farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, with 225 kg ha^?1 of N, split into three doses) and RZF using the same rate but placing N 5 cm away from rice roots in holes 10 cm deep (RZF10) or 5 cm deep (RZF5) as a single application. The highest mean yield (10.0 t ha^?1) was obtained in RZF10, which was 19.5% more than that in FFP. Root zone fertilization of urea (whether 10 cm deep or 5 cm deep) resulted in greater accumulation of N, P and K in stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and grains compared to that in FFP in sandy and in loam soils. The uptake of N, P and K was the highest in RZF10 (average at 176.7, 66.2 and 179.1 kg ha^?1, respectively), higher than that in FFP by 45.0, 17.0 and 22.6%, respectively. N apparent recovery efficiency was markedly higher in RZF10 (53.1%) than in FFP (27.5%). RZF10 significantly increased the N, P, K uptake compared with FFP under different N rates in both sandy and loam soils. These results suggest that the N, P and K input amount should be re-determined under RZF.     

河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系构建

为了构建科学合理、可操作性强的河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系，于2011－2015年在河北省沧州植棉区开展了棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术研究，包括色板诱杀、性信息素、频振式杀虫灯和高效生物农药应用等，并逐步构建了针对棉田绿盲蝽的绿色防控技术体系。根据相关研究发现，该绿色防控技术对棉田绿盲蝽有较好的防治效果，与常规防治区相比，减药控害成果显著。     

化学打顶剂在甘肃棉花上的应用效果

2015年在甘肃敦煌植棉区，应用2种化学打顶剂进行不同施用时间和剂量的田间试验表明，土优塔化学打顶剂在6月28日前后、以900 mL·hm^－2的剂量使用，对棉花有较好的封顶效果，对产量及产量构成因子和纤维长度影响不大。2016年示范结果与2015年试验一致     

2种低毒杀虫剂防治水稻粘虫示范试验

为合理使用低毒农药防治水稻粘虫,2015年7月在广西乐业县同乐镇和甘田镇进行25%灭幼脲悬浮剂和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂防治粘虫大田示范试验。结果表明:施药后17 d,核心区25%灭幼脲对粘虫的防治效果和保叶率分别为96.19%和94.73%,在培训指导农民防治示范区的防效分别为93.50%和95.10%;施药后10 d,核心区2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对粘虫的防治效果和保叶率分别为96.61%和97.35%,在培训指导农民防治示范区的防效分别为90.07%和89.59%。25%灭幼脲和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐处理区对粘虫的防效均要高于农民自防区。     

苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响

为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm²;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。     

Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver

Goose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.     

烯效唑生物学效用研究进展

烯效唑是一种高效低毒的三唑类植物生长延缓剂,兼有良好的杀菌作用。它通过降低贝壳杉烯氧化酶活性,阻碍GA的生物合成从而抑制植物生长。烯效唑使植株体内产生一系列的生理效应,对促进植株矮健、抗倒伏和防衰老等都具有明显效果,尤其是在作物面对逆境(如干旱、高温、低温、盐害、内涝和病害等)的胁迫时,烯效唑能显著增强作物对逆境的抵抗能力,从而达到增产目的。本文对国内外有关烯效唑的作用机理、应用效果及抗逆性表现等方面的研究进展进行综述。