苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响

为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm²;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。

Effects of Post-Emergence Herbicide Spraying at Different Stages on Weed Control,and Yield and Quality of Winter Rapeseed

In order to study the effects of different application stages of post-emergence herbicides on weeds control, yield and quality of winter rapeseed in north China, local winter rapeseed Tianyou 2266 (Brassica napus L.) and Tianyou H614 (Brassia campestris L.) were used as test materials. The safe post-emergence herbicide (haloxyfop-r-methyl) was selected before spraying at four different time points in the field trials from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that the spraying of herbicides after seedling stage at different times of post winter season, reduced the total number of weeds in the field of winter rapeseed (B.napus L.) by 57.54%-92.56% compared with the control, and the total fresh weight of weeds decreased by 75.40%-97.48%. Moreover, the seed yield under second stage treatment increased by 354.50kg/ha compared with control. Meanwhile, the weed control efficiency of B.campestris L. was 55.91%-92.02% and the control effect of fresh weight was 37.17%-97.46%, and the yield increased by 2.29%-16.77%. Therefore, it is recommended that post-emergence herbicide should be sprayed in second time point, which can significantly control weeds and increase seed yield of winter rapeseed.