山东聊城麦套棉田盲蝽种群结构及消长动态

 山东聊城麦套棉田的盲蝽由绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽3个种群构成,绿盲蝽为优势种群。9月上旬之前绿盲蝽在田间的数量逐步上升,8月下旬至9月上旬是绿盲蝽发生量最大的时期,百株虫量可达120头。中黑盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽种群数量显著低于绿盲蝽,最高百株虫量分别为4.2头、2.5头,当年未对棉田构成危害。     

河北邯郸市棉田绿盲蝽的发生与防治技术

近年来,绿盲蝽在河北省邯郸市棉田已成为危害棉花多种蝽中的优势种。由于棉绿盲蝽个体小、体色与棉花叶色相似,且具有行动迅速转移快等特点,有很强的隐蔽性,群众难以科学防治。目前的转基因抗虫棉对盲蝽等刺吸式口器害虫并不具有抗性,一旦气候条件有利于其发生,将对棉花生产构成威胁。因此,必须了解绿盲蝽发生危害的规律,找出绿盲蝽的防治适期,进行科学防治。     

黄河三角洲转基因棉田绿盲蝽发生规律及综防措施

滨州市地处黄河三角洲腹地，常年种植棉花15万hm^2左右。90年代末期，抗虫棉开始大面积推广，棉铃虫的危害得到有效控制，但同时，因抗虫棉田用药量、用药次数大大减少，一些次要害虫逐渐成为棉田的主要害虫，近年来，绿盲蝽在棉田的危害逐步加重。为此，开展了黄河三角洲转基因棉田绿盲蝽发生规律及综防措施的研究。     

棉田绿盲蝽及其天敌生态位研究

在对棉田绿盲蝽及其天敌调查的基础上,研究了绿盲蝽及其天敌的时空生态位。结果表明,绿盲蝽在整个调查期间的时间生态位宽度最小,说明其在时间维度上的种内竞争最激烈,龟纹瓢虫、小花蝽与草蛉类与绿盲蝽时-空二维生态位重叠值均大于1,说明龟纹瓢虫、小花蝽与草蛉类对绿盲蝽的跟随及控制作用明显。     

棉田使用诱虫板对绿盲蝽和非靶标昆虫的诱集作用

 评价了诱虫板颜色、位置、高度和每日时段对绿盲蝽和其他植食性害虫以及对捕食性昆虫诱集量的影响。结果表明：绿盲蝽对蓝色表现出强烈趋性,其次是橙色、青色、黄色和绿色。另外,诱虫板高度、每日时段和诱虫板位置也影响色板对绿盲蝽的诱集。距地面50 cm和200 cm处的诱虫板诱集到数量相近的绿盲蝽成虫,在180 cm（棉花冠层高度）处的诱虫板能诱集到更多的绿盲蝽;在傍晚时比其他时段诱集到的绿盲蝽数量多;9月初,设置在棉田边缘的诱虫板比在棉田中心能诱集到更多的绿盲蝽。其他植食性害虫中烟粉虱和棉叶蝉对橙色、黄色具有很强的趋性,棉蓟马对蓝色趋性最强。捕食性天敌中华草蛉和龟纹瓢虫对绿色以外的颜色趋性均较低。可见,将蓝色、黄色、青色或橙色诱虫板放置在棉花冠层上方一定高度,并在9月初设置在棉田边缘,对绿盲蝽能起到较好的诱集作用,且对其他植食性害虫尤其是蓟马表现出较好的诱集效果,而对捕食性天敌诱集作用较弱。     

鲁西北地区麦套棉田绿盲蝽的发生与防治

绿盲蝽在鲁西北麦套棉区1年发生4～5代,以卵在棉田周边杨树上越冬,8月下旬是绿盲蝽在棉田中发生的高峰期;对绿盲蝽的防治应采用农业防治与化学防治相结合的综合防治措施。     

Bt棉田内绿盲蝽发生规律及综合治理技术

绿盲蝽属半翅目,盲蝽科,在安阳县棉田中,是棉盲蝽的优势种。近年来,由于抗虫棉的推广和普及,棉铃虫得到有效控制,棉田用药次数、施药量减少,非靶标害虫逐年呈上升趋势,尤其是绿盲蝽在安阳县棉花上已成为主要害虫,在重发生年份,百株虫量在100头以上,一般棉田因盲蝽危害减产10%~20%,严重的减产50%以上。近年,笔者对其进行了调查研究,并提出了综合治理技术措施。1绿盲蝽发生规律1.1在Bt棉花与其它寄主间转移危害规律。绿盲蝽的寄主植物种类繁多。据田间调查,安阳地区有21科43种以上,其中野生寄主达19种,主要有野苜蓿、野胡萝卜、婆婆纳等;栽培…     

开封市盲蝽象大发生的原因及综合防治技术

棉花是开封市主要经济作物之一 ,常年播种面积 8万～ 1 0万公顷。近几年 ,开封市棉区盲蝽象发生危害逐年严重 ,特别是 2 0 0 3、2 0 0 4年连续两年大发生 ,成为阻碍开封市棉花发展的最主要害虫。1发生特点1 .1以苜蓿盲蝽为主多种盲蝽混合发生。据调查 ,开封市棉区盲蝽象的种类以苜蓿盲蝽为主 ,与中黑盲蝽、绿盲蝽和三点盲蝽混合发生 ,其中 ,苜蓿盲蝽占44.3% ,中黑盲蝽占 34.6% ,绿盲蝽占 1 5 .1 % ,三点盲蝽占 6.0 %。1 .2危害时间长 ,世代重叠严重。棉盲蝽因其种类不同 ,发生世代、迁入棉田的时间和危害高峰略有差异。三点盲蝽一年发生 3代…     

长江流域棉盲蝽防治的商榷

长江流域棉田的棉盲蝽主要是绿盲蝽、三点盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赣盲蝽。随着抗虫棉品种的推广,化学防治次数减少,近年来棉盲蝽一般导致减产10%～20%,成为当地棉花害虫防治的主要对象,防治不及时的减产可达50%以上;而且水肥条件越好、生长越茂密的棉田发生越重。由于棉农对棉盲     

3种监测工具对棉盲蝽的诱测效果

为探索不同监测工具对棉盲蝽的诱测效果,确定可应用生产的监测工具,2011—2013年在江苏南通沿海地区棉田进行了3种不同监测工具诱集棉盲蝽的试验。试验表明,频振12#灯对盲蝽诱测效果好,诱虫量大,峰期峰次明显,能较准确地反映当地棉田主要种群绿盲蝽成虫的发生规律,且省工节时,降低了测报人员的劳动强度,值得在生产上推广使用。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.