雨后季高粱的配合力

在育种方案中,配合力能帮助育种者选择利用优良的亲本。一般地说,只在雨季高粱进行了这方面的研究,而雨后季高粱的这类资料有限,且大多数报道的是雨季评价的材料。鉴于此,在3种环境条件下对雨后季高粱进行研究。     

高粱雄性核不育基因的利用（综述）

对雄性核不育基因在高粱育种工作中应用的原理、发展过程以及当前的研究状况进行了详尽阐述；使诸者深入、全面地了解至雄性核不育基因在高粱育种工作中的利用价值及群体育种的现状和前景。     

“大米小麦旱高粱”单宁含量分析及利用

对新型高粱品种“大米小麦旱高粱”的单宁含量及利用前景进行了探讨。品质鉴定结果表明 :“大米小麦旱高粱”是个不含单宁的高粱新资源。它的发现 ,为我国高粱优质育种、品质改良找到了十分珍贵难得的亲本材料。该品种也是进行深加工综合开发利用的理想的粮作资源。     

无融合生殖研究及其在高粱育种中的应用前景

无融合生殖是作物育种的新领域 ,与其它育种方法相比它的历史较短 ,但它独特的生殖方式和在作物育种中的重大意义引起了作物育种界的广泛关注与重视 ,特别是一些牧草作物实现了杂种优势固定 ,给作物杂种优势利用带来了新的革命。文章对作物无融合生殖类型、遗传方式以及在育种中的应用进行了概述 ,并阐述了高粱无融合生殖的研究现状、兼性无融合生殖系×兼性无融合生殖系育种方法在固定高粱杂种优势中的前景 ,以及高粱无融合生殖用于育种和生产的优势。认为玉米、水稻等作物如能用无融合生殖代替目前的杂种优势利用方式 ,其贡献和意义是巨大和深远的     

关于同源四倍体作物育种途径和方法的探讨

该文讨论了同源四倍体高粱、葡萄等作物的细胞学特性和在育种中存在的问题,阐述了育种过程中利用杂种优势的重要性。同时对不同作物进行同源四倍体育种的难度及可能性提出了自己的见解。     

高粱优异种质资源对多种病虫的抗性鉴定

2001～2003年,在田间采用人工接菌法进行高粱抗病性鉴定和利用田间自然发生的害虫种群与人工辅助接虫相结合的方法进行高粱抗虫性鉴定,对328份高粱种质资源进行了高粱丝黑穗病、高粱靶斑病、高粱蚜虫和玉米螟等4种病虫害的抗性同步鉴定.划清了供鉴定资源对不同病虫害的抗性等级,并筛选出单抗一种病虫资源22份,其中兼抗2种病害的双抗性资源5份, 而抗虫性资源较少.加强高粱抗病虫种质资源的收集和评价对于高粱育种和病虫害非常必要.     

抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立

体细胞再生体系的建立是作物转基因育种的基础,高粱是公认最难培养体细胞的禾谷类作物之一,不少高粱基因型材料难以建立体细胞再生体系.因此影响高粱转基因育种进展,制约高粱生产飞速发展.     

优质高配合力糯质高粱不育系45A的选育与应用

从介绍糯高粱三系不育系45A选育过程及特征特性出发,阐述其在育种中的应用情况,并对应用前景及生产应用进行讨论,以期对高粱品种选育提供理论依据。     

高粱抗病虫优异种质资源鉴定与筛选研究

1996～2000年,在田间采用人工接菌法进行高粱抗病性鉴定和利用田间自然发生的害虫种群与人工辅助接虫相结合的方法进行高粱抗虫性鉴定,对l282份高粱种质资源进行了高粱丝黑穗病、高粱靶斑病、高粱蚜虫和玉米螟等4种病虫害的抗性同步鉴定。划清了被鉴定资源对不同病虫害的抗性等级,筛选出兼抗2种病虫害的双抗性资源93份,兼抗3种病虫害的多抗性资源9份。这些抗病虫特性优异高粱资源,对于我国高粱抗病虫育种和选育多抗性品种具有重要的利用价值。     

高粱异胞质雄性不育研究进展与展望

对近几年来高粱细胞质雄性不育的育性反应、育性遗传、生理生化、胞质效应等方面的研究,以及在生产中的应用情况进行了综述,并对高粱细胞质雄性不育在育种和生产上的应用前景进行了展望,认为开辟A3型细胞质源以及A4、9E、A5、A6型等不育细胞质源,选育异胞质雄性不育系,将会在育种与生产中有重要的利用价值.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.