纳米农药防治水稻二化螟效果初探

近年来,二化螟在宁波市水稻上逐年加重发生。为明确纳米水性制剂（以下简称“纳米农药”）对二化螟的防治效果,在二化螟防治适期,选择甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐传统制剂和纳米制剂、乙多·甲氧虫、乙基多杀菌素、四唑虫酰胺共5种杀虫剂开展田间药效试验。结果表明,5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐纳米制剂施药14 d后的枯心防效和杀虫防效分别在80%和85%以上,且保产效果更佳,挽回损失率达44%～45%,防效及挽回损失率均极显著高于5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐传统制剂。     

噻虫嗪防治甘蔗蓟马的药效试验

试验结果表明,噻虫嗪对甘蔗蓟马有较好的防治效果.施药后30d、45d和60d,70%噻虫嗪dp和25%噻虫嗪sp一次施药和两次施药各处理的防治效果均达到80%以上.特别是进行两次施药的处理,药后60d时70%噻虫嗪dp和25%噻虫嗪sp防效分别为93.75%和94.63%.噻虫嗪防治甘蔗蓟马不仅效果好,而且特效期也长.     

几种无公害农药防治棉田甜菜夜蛾效果

田间药效试验结果表明 ,低残留农药“灭幼脲”与“除尽”混用 ,对棉田甜菜夜蛾有较好的防治效果 ,虫口减退率和防效均达到 80 %以上 ,百株残虫数均降至防治指标以下。单独喷施“灭幼脲”、“除尽”、“Bt菌剂”或“阿维菌素”,虽有一定效果 ,但百株残虫数略高。 2 0 %绿宝素乳油 (阿维菌素 辛硫磷 )防效达 96.5 % ,叶片完好率为 97.1 % ,是防治甜菜夜蛾较理想的高效、低毒、低残留的无公害杀虫剂     

阿维·杀铃脲防治甜菜甘蓝夜蛾的效果

2013—2014年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰区和拜泉县两地以5%阿维·杀铃脲悬浮剂对甘蓝夜蛾进行室内外防治试验。试验表明,室内试验,应用5%阿维·杀铃脲悬浮剂1∶500和1∶1000倍液防治甘蓝夜蛾幼虫,6d后校正死亡率分别为100%和85.8%~92.5%;室外试验,5%阿维·杀铃脲悬浮剂1∶500倍液防效在62.7%~66.9%;示范区,5%阿维·杀铃脲悬浮剂1∶500倍液防效在70.7%~71.1%。     

灭扫利防治棉叶螨和红铃虫效果好

灭扫利是日本住友化学公司的产品。1985年小区试验及1986年示范结果表明,20%灭扫利蕾铃期亩用量25、30毫升,3天防效分别为98.9%和100%;7天后防效分别为98.2%和100%;15天后防效仍达99.9%和100%。水胺硫磷亩用量75毫升,施药后3、7和15后天防效分别为88%、73.7%和53%。     

小麦黑胚病药剂防治研究

为了有效防治小麦黑胚病,室内测定了8种不同杀菌剂对小麦黑胚病菌(A lternaria a lternata)的抑菌效果。试验结果表明,敌力脱对小麦黑胚病菌菌丝生长抑菌活性最强,EC50为3.38 m g/kg;烯唑醇、世高抑菌效果也较好,EC50分别为6.61和6.89 m g/kg。代森锰锌对病菌孢子萌发抑菌活性最强,EC50为0.25 m g/kg;麦叶净、福美双、烯唑醇抑制效果也较好,EC50分别为0.30、0.80和1.76 m g/kg。通过两年田间试验发现,22%麦叶净W P 600倍液喷雾对小麦黑胚病防效最好,平均防效达80.59%;其次为25%敌力脱EC 1 000倍喷雾,两年平均防效为74.97%;22%麦叶净W P 800倍和12.5%烯唑醇1 500倍液喷雾也有较好的防效,两年平均防效均超过60%。从防治时期和次数试验结果来看,扬花后5 d喷药防治效果最好,随着施药时间延迟,防治效果也随之下降;两次施药效果明显优于一次施药。     

稻水象甲生物学及药剂防治初步研究

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kusche1)是一种毁灭性的检疫害虫,严重威胁水稻生产。通过室内饲养和野外观察,对该虫的生物学特性以及稻水象甲的综合防治技术进行了初步研究,具体通过药剂筛选试验进行了探讨,结果:处理1、2、3对稻水象甲成虫的防治效果最好,施药后1,3,6d的防效均达90.9%;处理4的效果也很好,施药后1,3,6d的防效为88.9%,88.5%和89.4%;处理5效果相对较差,施药后1,3,6d的防效为86.6%,84.4%和82.8%。     

7种杀虫剂对菜青虫的防效试验报告

应用7种药剂对菜青虫进行防治试验。结果表明：0.5% 阿维菌素乳油、2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、4.5% 氯氰菊酯乳油、40% 毒死蜱乳油、40% 辛硫磷乳油对菜青虫有良好的防治效果。施药后3 d防效可达81.68%以上;药后7 d的防效在84.38% 以上,持效期7～10 d,生产上防治时可轮换或混合使用。     

甲维·毒死蜱防治稻纵卷叶螟田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,25%甲维.毒死蜱EW对稻纵卷叶螟有较好的防治效果,使用25%甲维·毒死蜱EW 60～80 ml/667m2药后16 d防效为73.85%～82.01%,与对照药剂1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 60 ml/667m2防效79.99%和40%毒死蜱EC 100 ml/667m2防效76.01%相当或略高,能有效控制稻纵卷叶螟的发生为害,可以推荐使用。     

茶网蝽安全防治药剂与高效施药技术研究

近年来,我国部分茶区茶网蝽暴发成灾,缺乏高效安全防治技术。以低水溶性化学农药、植物源农药为对象,从施药方法、药剂种类、药剂浓度、农药残留等方面,研究了茶网蝽药剂防治技术。结果表明,背负式机动弥雾机施药的防效显著高于背负式电动喷雾器,且防效随施药用水量增加显著提高。8种低水溶性化学农药单剂中,联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯对茶网蝽具有很好的防效,其有效成分用量分别在1.31、22.50、11.25 g·hm^-2时,施药后7 d防效可达90%以上,且干茶中的农药残留量均低于中国、欧盟等规定的最大残留限量标准;唑虫酰胺效果次之,施药后7 d防效为60%~70%;而虫螨腈、乙基多杀菌素、茚虫威、噻嗪酮等低水溶性农药的防治效果均不理想。3种复配化学农药中,高氯·吡丙醚效果最好,施药后7 d防效可达89%。3组植物源农药中,除虫菊素效果最好,其有效成分用量在45.00 g·hm^-2时,施药后7 d防效可达90%;印楝素与藜芦碱混配、印楝素与苦参碱混配,对茶网蝽的防治效果均不理想。综上所述,通过背负式机动弥雾机施用拟除虫菊酯类化学农药和除虫菊素,是一种高效安全防治茶网蝽的方法。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.