Timing of early gonadal differentiation and effects of estradiol-17β treatments on the sex differentiation in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - In this study, an efficient estradiol-17β (E2)-induced feminization method was established based on the timing of early gonadal differentiation in Largemouth...     

朱鹗雏鸟几种非传染性疾病的原因与防治概述

为做好朱鹛的迁地保护工作,进行人工繁育是短时间内提高种群数量的最有效措施。浙江省德清珍稀野生动物繁育研究中心自2008年从陕西野生动物救护中心引入5对朱鹦,通过5a努力,目前存栏数已达118只,取得了一些成绩,同时也积累了一些经验教训。本文以朱鹦浙江种群的人工繁育工作实践为基础,结合现有的相关文献,对浙江省德清珍稀野生动物繁育研究中心2008—2012年饲养的138只朱鹃雏鸟的非传染性疾病进行了统计分析,同时阐述了其发病原因和防治措施。主要疾病包括：腿部疾病4种（10例,占7．25％）：船桨腿、卷曲趾、关节肿大、皮下气肿;头颈部疾病3种（15例,占10,87％）：交叉喙、长短喙、歪脖子;还有其他疾病3种（5例,占3．62％）：育雏室小气候控制不良引发的疾病、胚胎病或孵化不良引发的疾病、不明原因死亡的疾病。通过分析病因,提出防范措施,为后续的育雏工作提供指导,以避免类似的疾病再次发生,促进朱鹦人工种群的发展,对其他濒危野生鸟类的人工复壮也有一定的指导意义。     

The study on the cytology and histochemistry of lymphoid organ spheroids in Penaeus chinensis

The lymphoid organ spheroids (LOS) were investigated by cytological and histochemical techniques in Penaeus chinensis. The results showed that the LOS only appeared in the individuals with relatively large lymphoid organ (long diameter>2 mm.). The LOS were mainly made up of two types of cells, one of which had a low cytoplasm to nuclear volumetric ratio, developed marginated chromatin and 1–2 nucleoli, while the other had large cytoplasm to nuclear volumetric ratio, homogeneous chromatin, and no or only one nucleolus. These two kinds of cells all contained mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The necrotic cells could usually be observed. The LOS showed negative PAS reaction, weak positive phenoloxidase, and negative -naphthyl-acetate esterase (-NAE).     

Short-term storage and cryopreservation of Urechis unicinctus (Echiura: Urechidae) sperm

In the present study, attempts were made to preserve Urechis unicinctus sperm at 4°C. Cryopreservation procedures were optimized for various cryoprotectants and freezing rates, equilibration times and dilution ratios. During short‐term storage, the motility of undiluted sperm was extended for 6 days of cold storage,and in 70% and 100% artificial seawater only persisted for 2 and 4 days respectively. The survival rate of undiluted sperm was maintained at a high level accordingly. After cryopreservation, the highest motility and survival rate (41.5±2.2%) were obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (Me₂SO) using a freezing rate of 30°C min^?1. After thawing the sperm cryopreserved in glycerol lost almost all motility. The motility and survival rate of post‐thawing sperm did not show significant differences after 8 and 15 min equilibration using 15% Me₂SO as cryoprotectant; the values were significantly higher than those of 2 min equilibration. Comparisons of motility and survival rate between treatments pooled by dilution ratio showed that the effect of 1:1 ratio (sperm volume to cryoprotectant volume) was best. There was no difference between 1:3 and 1:5, and other ratioswere significantly worse.     

对山东某猪场一起仔猪腹泻的流行病学调查

本文针对发生腹泻疫情的某猪场开展了实验室检测和流行病学调查,实验室检测表明该疫情的病原为猪流行性腹泻病毒。流行病学调查显示,此次腹泻疫情于2013年11月份开始暴发,2014年3月份结束,发病猪的种类具有明显的次序,育肥猪首先发生,其次是母猪,新生仔猪最后发病;发病率和死亡率与猪的种类、日龄密切相关,育肥猪和母猪发病后仅出现腹泻症状而不死亡,仔猪发病后腹泻症状明显而且死亡率随着年龄的增长急剧下降,3日龄以下仔猪死亡率可达100%,1周龄仔猪死亡率降至72.73%,12日龄仔猪死亡率仅有10%。对猪场风险因素分析表明,饲料车辆直接进入猪场、卖猪车辆与饲养人员接触、粪便通道没有封闭、饲养人员流动等是影响此次腹泻疫情的高风险因素,通过降低高风险因素很好地控制了疫病。     

黄海北部中国对虾合理放流数量的讨论

在黄海北部放流虾的渔获量(y 百万尾)与放流数量(x 亿尾)之间有着统计学上可置信的关系,α=0.05,用 y=ax+bx~2描述,a=14.63,=0.45。最大放流量为16亿尾,最佳经济放流量为15亿尾(计数误差20%)。在目前条件下,我们认为控制放流量在11亿尾(计数准确率90%)是合理的。预测了前景,提出了可供选择的方案。     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

草鱼出血病的病原研究

草鱼出血病的病原研究,始于50年代。1978—84年,分离到一种病原病毒,定名为草鱼呼肠孤病毒或鱼呼肠孤病毒。本文报道从出血病病鱼组织的电镜研究中发现两种病毒颗料,一种即是呼肠孤病毒,另一种是20-30nm大小的病毒。经病毒的核酸分析,前者是双股RNA病毒;后者为单股RNA病毒。用分离到的这两种病毒分别注入1足龄健康草鱼,可发生两类不同症状的出血病;呼肠孤病毒主要导致“肠出血型”症状;另一种病毒(经初步鉴别属于小RNA病毒科病毒)主要导致“肌肉出血型”出血病。由此,可以证实两种病毒都是草鱼出血病的病原病毒,同时也初步解释出现两种不同症状出血病的原因。     

Breaking seasonal limitation: year-round sporogenesis in the brown alga Laminaria saccharina by blocking the transport of putative sporulation inhibitors

Year-round induction of sporogenesis of Laminaria saccharina was performed by mechanically blocking the transport of the putative sporulation inhibitors produced by the blade meristem and culturing the plants in constant short days. Sporogenesis was successfully induced by removal of the blade meristem, either by cultivating distal blade fragments or by performing a transverse cut in the frond. The earliest sorus formation after artificial induction was 10 days. The age of the sporophytes used for induction was 6–11 months or 2 years in tank-grown or field-collected sporophytes, respectively. Zoospores were successfully released in all cases. Thus, by year-round artificial induction of sporogenesis, (1) sporeling production of L. saccharina and thereafter sporophyte cultivation could be achieved without seasonal limitation, and (2) the life cycle of L. saccharina (from spore to spore) could be completed within 8 months under controlled conditions.