普氏蹄蝠胃肠道细菌的分离与鉴定

国内外关于蝙蝠消化道细菌的研究极少,为研究普氏蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)胃肠道细菌的种类及数量,对普氏蹄蝠胃肠道内的细菌进行分离,采用形态观察、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因序列及序列同源性分析等方法,鉴定细菌的种类。结果表明,普氏蹄蝠胃肠道中存在的菌群隶属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、克雷伯菌属(Klebsiella)、摩根菌属(Morganella)、哈夫尼菌属(Hafinia)、Gibbsibela、Lysinibacillus、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、Raoultella、普罗威登斯菌属(Providencia)及肠球菌属(Enterococcus)共11个属。其中革兰阴性菌占据了绝对优势,普氏蹄蝠胃内可培养的细菌数量大约为3.8×10~8 CFU/mL~7.2×10~8 CFU/mL,肠道可培养的细菌数量约8.6×10~8 CFU/mL~1.3×10~(10)CFU/mL。普氏蹄蝠胃肠道中的细菌大多为人类致病菌或条件致病菌。其结果为普氏蹄蝠胃肠道细菌的深入研究奠定了基础,并为人与蝙蝠共患疾病的预防提供基础资料。     

饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对亚东鲑亲鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对亚东鲑亲鱼生长性能、性腺指数、消化酶活性和血清指标的影响。试验采用5×2两因素随机设计,设5个蛋白质水平(36%、39%、42%、45%、48%)和2个脂肪水平(9%、18%),共配制10种实用试验饲料。每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复19尾鱼。初重为(462.53±45.40)g亚东鲑在室内水族箱中流水饲养,饲养周期为77 d。结果表明:同一脂肪水平下,随饲料蛋白质水平的升高,增重率有所升高,而饲料系数逐渐降低,至蛋白质水平为48%时又有所升高。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对雌性亲鱼性腺指数无显著影响(P0.05),雄性亲鱼性腺指数随蛋白质水平的升高而降低,但至蛋白质水平为48%时又有所回升。同一脂肪水平下,随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,胃、肠道和幽门盲囊的脂肪酶活性逐渐增加,蛋白质水平为48%时显著高于蛋白质水平为36%时(P0.05);而胃、肠道和幽门盲囊的蛋白酶活性虽有所增加,但各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。同一蛋白质水平下,18%脂肪水平组胃、肠道和幽门盲囊的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性均略高于9%脂肪水平组。同一脂肪水平下,血清氨含量随饲料蛋白质水平的升高而逐渐增加。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对血清超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性以及葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白和丙二醛含量均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。由此得出,亚东鲑亲鱼对饲料蛋白质(36%~48%)和脂肪(9%~18%)水平有一定的适应性反应;以增重率为指标进行折线模型分析,得出饲料脂肪水平为9%和18%时,亚东鲑亲鱼对蛋白质需要量分别为43.11%和45.69%。     

推进种养结合的制约因素及政策建议

随着粮食增产的迫切需求和化肥工业的快速发展,我国种植业与养殖业养分物质循环断裂,推进种养结合成为实现农业绿色发展重要途径。但目前,我国从农户层面以及区域层面都存在着种植与养殖之间的纽带断裂,造成了农业资源利用的错位,也产生了资源环境双重压力。推进种养结合的堵点主要表现在养殖场责任尚未压实、有机肥施用不便利、堆肥质量标准缺失、社会化服务体系不完善等多方面。本文结合对国内和国际上推进种养结合的典型做法的分析,在强化提升国家粮食安全保障能力的大背景下,从优化种养布局规划、压实养殖主体责任、强化科技支撑、培育社会化服务组织等方面提出了当前构建全新的种养循环体系的建议。     

基于TRIZ理论的自走式青饲机喂入液压反转机构设计

针对目前青饲料收获过程存在因切割不畅导致的喂入堵塞以及收获效率低的问题，应用TRIZ理论对自走式青饲机喂入部分进行创新设计研究。最终设计出一种结构合理、操作方便的青饲机喂入液压反转机构，解决了喂入堵塞问题，提高了工作效率。      

高油酸花生品种开农1760产量及其构成的可视化分析

分析高油酸小粒花生品种开农1760的产量及其与农艺性状的关系,为高产优质育种提供有效指导。本研究以开农1760参加的2014-2015年河南省小粒花生区试数据为基础,运用GGE (genotype+genotype-by-environment interaction)双标图评价其丰产性和稳产性,利用R语言进行可视化的相关分析和通径分析。结果显示,开农1760的丰产稳产性综合排名第一,出米率的变异系数最小,饱果率与产量呈极显著正相关,百果重、单株生产力、百仁重、主茎高、侧枝长和结果枝数与产量呈显著正相关,结果枝数的直接通径系数最大,是影响开农1760荚果产量的关键性状。综上所述,开农1760丰产性好、稳定性强,适合在河南省大面积推广利用;在选育小粒花生新品种时可侧重做好对结果枝数的选择。     

定西于家山黄土洞穴的分布特征与侵蚀临界研究

黄土洞穴与滑坡、沟蚀等侵蚀过程联系紧密并加剧了黄土高原的水土流失程度,但目前黄土洞穴发育的分布特征与侵蚀临界暂未明晰。利用无人机获得了研究区高分辨率影像与数字表面模型,基于影像标识了黄土洞穴并统计了其土地利用类型与洞穴直径,利用标识点在数字表面模型上提取了黄土洞穴的坡度、坡向、曲率和汇水面积等地形数据并分析了黄土洞穴的分布特征。结果表明,黄土洞穴直径大多4 m。黄土洞穴在耕地上发育较少,多发育于牧草地区域流水汇聚的凹形坡,且在阴坡更为发育。同时,黄土洞穴坡度正切值范围集中于0.4～1.0,汇水面积一般不超过3 000 m~2。依托统计的坡度正切值与汇水面积数据绘制了黄土洞穴的侵蚀临界图并对比了黄土洞穴与浅沟、切沟的侵蚀临界。黄土洞穴的侵蚀临界边界分别为SA~(0.150)=0.368与SA~(0.135)=7.580,分布较广且覆盖了浅沟与切沟的侵蚀临界。浅沟、切沟的演化与黄土洞穴的发育有关,黄土洞穴通过连通与坍塌促进了浅沟、切沟的发育、转换与扩展,并因此加剧了黄土高原的水土流失。研究量化了黄土洞穴发育的分布特征,建立了黄土洞穴与浅沟、切沟的联系并深化了对黄土洞穴侵蚀过程的认识。     

Neuroprotective effect of novel Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 on a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of novel Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 on Alzheimer disease (AD) model of APP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) mice. METHODS: Male APP/PS1 Tg mice (n=20) at 8 months of age were randomly divided into 2 groups:model group and FSD-C10 treatment group. The mice were treated with normal saline or FSD-C10 (25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) by intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 2 months. Age-and sex-matched wild-type (WT) mice without treatment were used as the control. The Morris water maze (MWM) test and SMART 3.0 behavioral record system were applied to examine and analyze the spatial cognitive function of the mice. The protein levels and distribution of Aβ, p-tau and synapse-associated proteins such as synaptophysin, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of phosphorylated amyloid precursor protein at Thr668[p-APP(Thr668)], beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and synapse-associated proteins in the brain were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with model group, FSD-C10 treatment significantly improved the cognitive function of the APP/PS1 Tg mice, accompanied by reduced Aβ deposition and p-tau level, increased protein level of p-APP (Thr668) in the central nervous system, decreased expression of BACE1, and increased expression of synapse-associated proteins in the brain of the mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FSD-C10 has neuroprotective potential in the APP/PS1 Tg mice. The mechanism may be related to enhancing the non-amyloidogenic APP cleavage pathway, reducing the production of Aβ oligomers, the deposition of senile plaques and the amount of tau protein, up-regulating synapse-associated proteins, and increasing synaptic plasticity.     

红螯螯虾转录组中的SSR位点信息分析

对红螯螯虾转录组测序数据进行分析,并开发引物通过PCR扩增和毛细管电泳检测,进行了引物多态性和通用性分析。从67 369条Unigenes中共检测到22 727个简单重复序列(SSR)位点,并对包含SSR序列的Unigenes进行功能注释。结果表明,红螯螯虾转录组中微卫星序列的类型较为丰富,其中二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复类型出现频率较多,分别占总SSR出现频率的52.67%和44.25%;四核苷酸、五核苷酸和六核苷酸重复类型出现频率较少,分别占总SSR出现频率的2.62%、0.23%和0.24%。SSR重复类型共有68种,其重复次数的范围为5～84次。筛选出SSR引物5对,对浙江本地及台湾2个群体的60个样品进行遗传多样性分析,每对引物平均产生5.6个多态性片段。本研究结果为深入开发红螯螯虾功能性SSR标记奠定了基础,也为开展红螯螯虾分子标记辅助选育提供支持。     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.