饲粮生物素水平对团头鲂幼鱼肠道消化酶活性、胴体组成及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

选择初重为201±001 g团头鲂幼鱼720尾,分别饲喂生物素添加量为0,002,005,016,062和249 mg·kg-1等氮等能的纯化饲料,研究饲料中添加生物素对团头鲂幼鱼肠道消化酶活力、胴体组成及肝脏抗氧化的影响。结果表明: 团头鲂幼鱼肠道脂肪酶和蛋白酶活力随生物素含量的升高呈现先增加后下降的变化,它们分别在生物素含量为062和016 mg·kg-1时达到最大值。饲料生物素含量为016 mg·kg-1组的团头鲂幼鱼与对照组相比具有较低的水分和较高的粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量,差异显著(P<005)。饲料中生物素含量从0上升至005 mg·kg-1时,GSH含量,GSH Px、SOD活性显著升高,差异显著(P<005);当其含量进一步升高至249 mg·kg-1时,三者均无显著变化(P>005)。综上所述,饲料中添加适宜浓度生物素可以提高团头鲂幼鱼肠道脂肪、蛋白质的消化能力,胴体粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量及肝脏抗氧化能力。     

Needle blight caused by Dothistroma pini in Slovakia: distribution,host range and mating types

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) has been observed in Slovakia during the last two decades. Up until 2017, Dothistroma septosporum has only been detected and molecularly confirmed to cause DNB in Slovakia. Here, we report the detection of Dothistroma pini at six localities around Slovakia, representing different plantation types. Four pine species (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. jeffreyi) were confirmed as hosts of D. pini in Slovakia, of which only P. mugo has been previously reported as host in Slovakia. Three gene regions (ITS, EF1 –α, and ß-tubulin) of each of the 13 isolates were sequenced and assigned as D. pini. Based on ITS sequences, the studied isolates represent the haplotypes Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2. Both mating types were detected but at different localities. Our results suggest that in addition to D. septosporum, D. pini may contribute to DNB also in Slovakia.     

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Pseudomonas syringae strains associated with the recent citrus bacterial blast and bacterial black pit epidemics in Tunisia

In the spring of 2012, symptoms of a disease resembling citrus blast and citrus black pit were observed in some orchards in Tunisia. The epidemic spread rapidly in the following years. Twenty‐four commercial citrus orchards from four Tunisian regions showing characteristic symptoms of bacterial diseases were surveyed during a 3‐year study. Eighty‐eight Pseudomonas‐like bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from the northeast and west of Tunisia. No isolates were recovered from the central region. Overall, 46 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and most of them showed similar phenotypic and genetic profiles. The virulence of three selected isolates differed from one plant cultivar to another as well as from the type of plant organ used for the inoculation. In a bioassay test, all isolates produced syringomycin, which was confirmed by molecular detection based on the syrB and syrD genes. Only EC122 possessed syrD but not syrB. DNA fingerprints, based on repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction (rep‐PCR) and PCR melting profile (PCR MP), were used to determine the potential genetic diversity among strains. Clustering of PCR MP fingerprinting data matched with rep‐PCR fingerprinting data. The generated distribution tree showed that Tunisian isolates were closely related to the citrus reference strain LMG5496. In contrast, EC112, isolated from citrus, and the almond isolate EC122 were distantly related to the type strain LMG1247^T isolated from lilac. Such studies have not been reported until now for P. syringae from citrus.     

Is the Period of 18 Years Sufficient for an Evaluation of Changes in Soil Organic Carbon under a Variety of Different Soil Management Practices?

The influence of differing soil management practices on changes seen in soil organic carbon (SOC) content of loamy Haplic Luvisol was evaluated. The field experiment included two types of soil tillage: 1. conventional tillage (CT) and 2. reduced tillage (RT) and two treatments of fertilization: 1. crop residues with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers (PR+NPK) and 2. NPK fertilizers (NPK). The results of SOC fluctuated from 9.8 to 14.5 g kg^?1 and the tillage systems employed and fertilization status did not have a statistically significant influence on SOC. The SOC content was higher in RT (12.4 ± 0.86 g kg^?1) than in CT (12.2 ± 0.90 g kg^?1). On average, there was a smaller higher value of SOC in PR+NPK (12.4 ± 1.02 g kg^?1) than in NPK (12.3 ± 0.88 g kg^?1). During a period of 18 years, reduced tillage and application of NPK fertilizers together with crop residues build up a SOC at an average speed of 7 and 16 mg kg^?1 year^?1, respectively, however conventional tillage and NPK fertilizer applications caused a SOC decline at an average speed of 104 and 40 mg kg^?1 year^?1, respectively.     

新疆加工番茄马铃薯Y病毒株系鉴定

 马铃薯Y病毒 (Potato virus Y,PVY) 是世界范围内对茄科属植物造成影响的重要病毒,为了解PVY对新疆加工番茄的危害,本文采集205份加工番茄样品进行血清学检测,结果PVY^O、PVY^O\N\C、PVY^N检出率分别为20%、18.05%和0％,且PVY不同株系总检出率达24.9%。根据血清学检测结果,在苋色藜 (Chenopodium amaranticolor) 上进行单斑分离获得2个PVY分离物S1-10、S2-12,其基因组序列分析结果显示,S1-10分离物是PVY^O与PVY^N的重组体,属于PVY^N∶O株系,S2-12属于PVY^O株系。本研究表明新疆加工番茄上的PVY主要为PVY^N∶O和PVY^O株系。     

Assessing insecticide and fungicide effects on the culturable soil bacterial community by analyses of variance of their DGGE fingerprinting data

To assess the effects of three insecticides (aldicarb, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin) and two fungicides (tebuconazole and metalaxyl + mancozeb) on the PCR-DGGE fingerprints of culturable soil bacterial communities (CSBC), a greenhouse experiment was carried out with soil samples from an Integrated System for Agroecological Production (ISAP), a Conventional Potato Production Area (CPPA) and a Secondary Forest Area (SFA) close to the CPPA. Samples were obtained at 15 day intervals starting at 32 until 77 days after sowing (DAS) to perform the PCR-DGGE analysis of the CSBC cultured on media amended with soil suspension. Analysis of variance from PCR-DGGE data indicated significant differences among treatments. Regardless the type of pesticide applied, CSBC was disturbed and similarity values varied from 5% to 90% in comparison to the control. Significant shifts on CSBC were only detected among treatments in the first two harvests, while CSBC tended to be more akin to each other at the last two harvest dates. The most significant responses observed were due to different soil sample origins, where values of 5% of similarity to the control were observed on CPPA soil. The use of analysis of variance on PCR-DGGE data was useful to a better understanding of the changes on CSBC induced by pesticides applications.     

南海北部浮游动物多样性研究

1997～1999年,对南海北部浮游动物进行了4个季节的专项调查,结果表明,调查海区共出现浮游动物8门20大类709种。优势种的组成各海域显示明显差异,调查期间共有8种优势种,即:异尾宽水蚤(Temoradiscaudata)、普通波水蚤(Undinulavulgaris)、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanuspauper)、叉胸刺水蚤(Centropagesfurcatus)、亚强真哲水蚤(Eu calanussubcrassus)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaetaconcinna)、肥胖箭虫(Sagittaenflata)和中型莹虾(Luciferintermedius)。浮游动物4季总生物量变化范围为18.08～38.27mg/m3,平均25.27mg/m3,以冬季最高,夏、春季次之,秋季最低。平面分布呈斑块状,并随季节的变化发生漂移,春、秋季密集区主要分布于台湾浅滩上升流区和北部湾北部近海区;夏季,自台湾浅滩至粤西近海一带水域密集度较高;冬季分布则相对较为均匀。栖息密度范围为0.24～621.13ind/m3,4季平均27.52ind/m3,平面分布总体以近岸水域最高,不同季节,分布趋势发生一定变化,高密集区主要分布在台湾浅滩、北部湾北部和粤西近海。生物多样性指数范围为1.63～5.55,平均3.90,自北向南递增。季节变化以夏、春季较高,秋、冬季较低。多样性阈值变化范围为0.02～4.63,平均2.93,多样性水平Ⅱ级,显示南海北部浮游动物多样性丰富。     

西瓜核心种质遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

深入了解西瓜核心种质资源的群体结构及遗传多样性,可以准确指导亲本间杂交组合的有效配置,避免具有相似遗传背景材料的组合,以便提高育种效率。据此,本研究通过采用45对具有多态性的SSR标记对不同来源的78份西瓜核心种质进行了多元统计分析。结果表明,45个SSR标记共检测出175个位点,其中具有多态性位点数为165个,多态性比率达95.41%,且每对引物平均检测到等位基因位点3.67个,PIC大小范围在0.049~0.781之间,平均值为0.415,其有效等位基因数(Ne)、期望杂合度(He)、观测杂合度(Ho)、多样性指数(I)及Nei's基因多样性指数(H)在该群体水平上分别为2.258、0.479、0.521、0.850和0.476,同时筛选出了28对多态性高、带型稳定、易于统计的核心引物,构建了78份西瓜核心种质的SSR指纹图谱。群体结构分析表明,78份西瓜核心种质资源划分为2大类群和4个亚群,其中来自不同地域的美国材料和日本材料分别独立趋于2大类群中,而中国种质材料普遍交叉分布于2大类群中,且各亚群之间存在着明显的基因交流,分子方差分析表明种质间遗传多样性主要存在于品种间和居群间。     

Analysis of Acid Alizarin Violet N Dye Removal Using Sugarcane Bagasse as Adsorbent

With the development of the textile industry, there has been a demand for dye removal from contaminated effluents. In recent years, attention has been directed toward various natural solid materials that are capable of removing pollutants from contaminated water at low cost. One such material is sugarcane bagasse. The aim of the present study was to evaluate adsorption of the dye Acid Violet Alizarin N with different concentrations of sugarcane bagasse and granulometry in agitated systems at different pH. The most promising data (achieved with pH 2.5) was analyzed with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms equations. The model that better fits dye adsorption interaction into sugarcane bagasse is Freundlich equation, and thus the multilayer model. Moreover, a smaller bagasse granulometry led to greater dye adsorption. The best treatment was achieved with a granulometry value lower than 0.21 mm at pH 2.50, in which the total removal was estimated at a concentration of 16.25 mg mL⁻¹. Hence, sugarcane bagasse proves to be very attractive for dye removal from textile effluents.     

Investigation on acoustic behavior and air permeability of struto nonwovens

This work deals with the study of acoustic performance of struto nonwovens and their relation to fabric air permeability. In order to achieve the objective of the research, sound absorption coefficient of struto nonwovens was determined via impedance tube method, the average value of sound absorption coefficient (α?) was calculated. Air permeability of struto nonwovens was examined by using FX3300 Textech Air Permeability Tester. Results showed that struto nonwoven exhibited good absorption ability at frequency bands 3000-6400 Hz while it was ineffective for frequency lower than 3000 Hz. Struto nonwovens with high GSM and fabric thickness showed better acoustic performance and lower air permeability. It was observed that α? was inversely proportional to air permeability, with correlation coefficient 0.95. It was concluded that air permeability can be used as a criterion of sound absorption behavior of struto nonwovens. A lower air permeability suggests a better sound absorption performance for struto nonwoven fabrics.