成都平原冬季繁育马铃薯脱毒苗水培技术优化研究(英文)

以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它脱毒试管苗为材料,设置传统水培(CK)、安装加热棒(T1)及安装加热棒和保温棚(T2)3个处理,研究不同加温措施对马铃薯试管苗水培繁育的影响。结果表明:在成都平原气温较低的冬季,通过在传统水培设施上安装加热棒和覆盖保温棚,可使水培苗床水温保持在15~22℃,使水培苗较传统方法提早生根6.4 d,提早出苗13d,同时有利于形成壮苗,其根长、茎粗、株高、叶片数和鲜重等指标均显著优于传统方法。在水培苗扦插后42 d,当CK处理刚上到雾培阶段时,T1处理单株结薯数已达1.70颗,T2处理已达3.57颗。因此,水培加温处理有利于组培苗提前扦插,培养健壮水培苗,并提早雾培苗结薯,具有重要的生产意义。     

小径木梯形板锯刨机结构设计与研究

针对目前市面上加工小径木的机器加工精度低、效率不高、出材率低等问题，分析提高小径木梯形板出材率、加工效率及加工精度的设计方法，通过新的设计方法制定了新的加工工艺。结合工艺分析设计了小径木梯形板锯刨机的总体结构，可以对小径木梯形板进行锯切、粗刨、精刨加工。在对其核心组件锯切组件与刨削组件的加工原理进行分析的基础上，设计了锯切组件结构与刨削组件结构。通过导入锯切主轴SolidWorks的三维模型，利用ANSYS对其锯切主轴进行静力学分析，得到锯切主轴的应力、应变和变形云图，其中最大应力值为7.435 MPa、最大应变值为0.042 316 mm/m、最大变形量为0.002 178 8 mm，其强度、刚度及变形量均在许用范围内，仿真验证了锯切主轴的设计的合理性。     

Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets

ABSTRACT

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.     

绿色木霉Fn10-1纤维素酶的分离纯化及酶学特性测定

试验研究了绿色木霉Fn10-1纤维素酶的初步纯化及酶学性质开展研究。结果表明,该纤维素酶的最适催化温度为70℃,最适pH 7.6,在温度为4~50℃下均能保持较稳定的酶活,高于50℃以后,热稳定性变差,酶活力开始急剧下降。pH在5.6~7.6时该酶有较好的稳定性。Na+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+、Co2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Al3+对纤维素酶具有一定的激活作用,Ag+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、K+对该酶有一定的抑制作用,其中Cu2+的抑制作用尤为明显。     

安徽省作物养分供需分析及化肥减施潜力研究

有机-无机相结合的农田养分管理模式是现阶段中国发展绿色农业的必由之路,因而开展有机、无机养分和作物养分需求的比较研究对促进养分资源的合理分配和施用具有重要的参考价值。本文采用文献调查和统计分析的方法,评估了安徽省16市2010—2016年主要有机肥(包括秸秆、粪便、绿肥和饼肥)的养分资源,明晰了安徽省农业生产中有机、无机养分投入现状,并根据农业种植结构开展了有机、无机养分和作物养分需求的差异和关系研究,最后探索了安徽省的化肥减施潜力。结果表明:安徽省2010—2016年平均有机肥养分资源为287.70万t,N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为104.49万t、39.60万t和143.61万t,可基本满足作物的养分需求;但有机肥的当季利用率低,N、P_2O_5和K_2O的当季利用率分别为21.44%、19.91%和52.61%,有机肥N、P_2O_5和K_2O实际还田量仅占作物养分需求的20.74%、25.38%和63.61%,占农田养分总投入的比重分别为11.87%、10.27%和51.35%。全省N、P_2O_5、K_2O养分实际投入量(包括有机肥和化肥)是作物养分需求的1.75倍、2.47倍和1.24倍,有7个市的N和13个市的P_2O_5养分施用量超过作物需求的2倍,存在较高的环境污染风险。通过控制农业总养分输入,安徽省的化肥减施潜力为35.12%,N、P_2O和K_2O的减施潜力分别为21.28%、23.97%和78.61%。提高有机肥的当季利用率和发展冬季绿肥资源可进一步促进化肥减施。本研究可为安徽省化肥零增长和农牧业的绿色可持续发展提供数据参考。     

辣椒重要农艺性状关联分析与优异等位变异发掘

为了发掘辣椒株高、始花节位、单果质量、果纵径、果横径、果形指数和果肉厚度等重要农艺性状的关联位点和优异等位变异,本研究以194份辣椒核心种质为试验材料,利用广义线性模型(GLM)和混合线性模型(MLM)两种方法,基于分布于辣椒12条染色体的58个SSR标记,对上述7个农艺性状开展了关联分析。结果表明,GLM方法检测到20个SSR关联位点,解释的表型变异率为2.09%~21.91%;MLM方法检测出17个SSR关联位点,能解释2.07%~7.24%的表型变异;有12个位点被两种方法同时检测到;基于关联位点各等位变异的表型效应,发掘出TC7268Sa、CAMS-327a、HpmsE132a、ge35-141pmH0135Ca、CAMS-454c和Hpms2-24a等优异等位变异,筛选出B003、B010、B015、B020、B022、B042、B048、B052、B097、B111、B134、B138、B166、B178、B351、B352、C005、C014、V06C0007、V06C0295、V06C1082、V06C1088、V06C1187、V06C1321、V06C1600、V06C1707、V06C1719和V06C1898等28份优良农艺性状典型种质材料。本研究结果为辣椒相关农艺性状优异基因的发掘、分子标记辅助选择与聚合育种提供了理论指导和材料基础。     

基于直流电机与全液压转向器直联的自动转向系统研究

针对农机装备电控液压自动转向系统生产成本高及电动方向盘自动转向系统中控制力矩小、存在自由行程的问题,设计了基于直流电机与全液压转向器直联的自动转向机构及其电控系统,该系统主要包括自动转向执行机构、自动转向控制器和液压转向机构等。自动转向执行机构与原车液压转向机构连接实现自动转向功能,考虑了底盘阿克曼角的自动转向控制器实现车轮转向的精确控制,通过在转向驱动电机输出轴安装电磁离合器和转向柱扭矩传感器实现人工驾驶模式和自动驾驶模式的自动切换。试验结果表明,车轮转角响应平均稳态误差小于0.1°,最大稳态误差为0.158°,±20°阶跃信号最快响应时间达1.2 s,超调量小于1%,可以满足对各种轮式农机的自动导航辅助驾驶转向系统性能的要求。     

我国杂交籼稻选育进展

自水稻杂种优势被利用以来,我国杂交籼稻育种取得显著进展,在保障我国粮食安全中发挥着重要作用。本文根据国家水稻数据中心水稻品种审定数据信息,对我国籼型水稻不育系研究进展、杂交籼稻品种审定情况、籼型超级稻品种发展现状和几个籼稻育种大省的杂交籼稻国审情况进行了对比和分析,并对杂交籼稻的发展进行了展望。     

Characterization of Genomic Integration and Transgene Organization in Six Transgenic Rapeseed Events

To characterize the DNA rearrangement of both the T-DNA region and the genomic insertion site during T-DNA insertion, the Genomewalker strategy was used to isolate the junctions between the inserted DNA and the plant genomic DNA in six rapeseed events as well as the genomic DNA at the sites before integration. During transformation in each of the six events, portions of both the right border（RB） and left border（LB） regions of the T-DNA were deleted, ranging from a 7 nucleotide deletion of the LB repeats in event RF1 to a 207 bp deletion of the LB region in event RF2. For the six events, T-DNA integration resulted in a deletion at the target site spanning less than 100 bp. Sequence analysis indicated that the T-DNA was integrated into the coding region of various native rapeseed genes in events RF1 and RF2. Duplications of the genomic DNA target site were observed in events RF2, RF3 and Topas 19/2. And multimerization of transgenes was found in event Topas 19/2, in which, the T-DNA was integrated as a head-to-head（RB-to-RB） concatemer into the recipient genome. In event MS1, chromosomal translocation or a large target-site deletion may have occurred during T-DNA integration, which was identified due to a failure to amplify the presumptive insertion site based on the flanking rapeseed DNA sequences. Our results provide comprehensive data concerning transgene organization and the genomic context of the T-DNA in six rapeseed events, which can aid in the developing of insert fingerprinting and the monitoring of long-term genetic stability and potential unintended effects of transgenic events.     

不同磷水平下接种解磷菌剂对生菜促生效应及土壤磷素形态的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了在4种不同施磷水平下施用解磷菌剂对生菜(Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.)促生效应及土壤磷素形态的影响。结果表明,在土壤缺磷情况下,施用解磷菌剂能提高生菜叶和根的鲜重和干重,提高叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,增加植株磷素吸收量,提高生菜的品质和产量,并能减少土壤中全磷含量的积累,促进土壤有效磷的释放和土壤库中有效磷的积累。在土壤磷素丰富的情况下,施用解磷菌剂对生菜的生长和土壤磷素营养促进作用较弱。土壤添加磷肥量为0.375 g/kg,解磷菌剂对生菜的促生效应和土壤磷素释放效果最佳。解磷菌剂的应用不仅能减少农田土壤磷素的流失,减轻农田土壤磷面源污染的风险,还能为蔬菜生产保质保量,达到收益最大化。