Lycopene protects primary mouse cerebrocortical neurons against t-BHP-induced damage in vitro

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of lycopene on primary mouse cerebrocortical neurons exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and its mechanisms of in vitro.METHODS: Primary cerebrocortical neurons of newborn C57 mice were extracted and divided into normal group, t-BHP group, lycopene+t-BHP group and lycopene group. The neuronal damage was induced by t-BHP exposure for 24 h, and the cell viability was examined by MTT assay. ROS content was measured by flow cytometry, and the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C were examined by Western blot.RESULTS: The primary mouse cortical neurons expressed MAP-2 protein. Lycopene at concentration of 4 μmol/L reversed the decrease in cell viability. Flow cytometry revealed that lycopene treatment attenuated ROS content under the condition of t-BHP exposure. In addition, the protein level of Bcl-2 was increased, and the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome-C was suppressed in lycopene+t-BHP group.CONCLUSION: The protective effect of lycopene on cortical neurons with t-BHP-induced injury may be involved in the mechanism of neuronal antioxidative response by down-regulating caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.     

用模糊综合评判法预测马尾松毛虫幼虫高峰期发生量

为了提高马尾松毛虫一代、二代幼虫高峰期发生量预报的准确性,为有效防治马尾松毛虫提供科学依据,本文运用模糊综合评判的6个数学模型预测安徽省潜山县马尾松毛虫一代、二代幼虫高峰期的发生量,验证预报1989年、1994年、2002年和2017年一代马尾松毛虫幼虫高峰期发生量,预报结果分别为2级、4级、2级和1级,与实况级别完全吻合,预报结果准确。预报1989年、1994年、2002年和2017年二代马尾松毛虫幼虫高峰期发生量,预报结果依次是4级、5级、2级和1级。同样与实况级别全部相同。预报的准确率为100%,模糊综合评判法是一个运算简便、准确性高的预报方法。     

历史和逻辑的双重缺失——巴赫金狂欢理论批判

巴赫金的狂欢理论是一个建构在扭曲的史实性描述基础上的理论大厦，其一系列重大的文化史结论如“两种生活和思维体系”、“狂欢节世界观”和“大型对话的开放性结构”等，都是建构在虚幻的史实性描述之上的理论想象。这种想象极大地歪曲了狂欢节的真实面貌和文化功能，虚构了狂欢节与官方文化宗教文化之间的文化冲突和价值对抗，在历史和逻辑双重意义上，都有着根本性缺失，是一个体系性的文化史虚构。     

Development of IP and SCAR markers linked to the yellow seed color gene in Brassica juncea L.

Previous studies showed that the yellow seed color gene of a yellow mustard was located on the A09 chromosome. In this study, the sequences of the molecular markers linked to the yellow seed color gene were analyzed, the gene was primarily mapped to an interval of 23.304 to 29.402M. Twenty genes and eight markers’ sequences in this region were selected to design the IP and SCAR primers. These primers were used to screen a BC₈S₁ population consisting of 1256 individuals. As a result, five IP and five SCAR markers were successfully developed. IP4 and Y1 were located on either side of the yellow seed color gene at a distance of 0.1 and 0.3 cM, respectively. IP1, IP2 and IP3 derived from Bra036827, Bra036828, Bra036829 separately, co-segregated with the target gene. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequences of newly developed markers showed good collinearity with those of the A09 chromosome, and that the target gene might exist between 27.079 and 27.616M. In light of annotations of the genes in this region, only Bra036828 is associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. This gene has high similarity with the TRANSPARENT TESTA6 gene, Bra036828 was hence identified as being the gene possibly responsible for yellow seed color, in our research.     

Effects of Addition of Three Types of Biochar on the Soil Nitrogen Balance and Cotton Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm^－2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.     

酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响。选取25周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡672只，随机分为4个组，每组7个重复，每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%酸化剂的试验饲粮，试验期60 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.05%酸化剂显著提高了蛋鸡的平均日采食量( P<0.05)；添加0.20%酸化剂显著降低了料蛋比( P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比，饲粮添加酸化剂显著增强了试验第30和60天的蛋壳强度( P<0.05)；添加0.20%酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天的蛋白高度( P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比，酸化剂的添加对试验第30和60天消化道pH没有显著影响( P>0.05)，但显著提高了十二指肠食糜中淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性( P<0.05)，并显著降低了消化道大肠杆菌的数量( P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比，饲粮添加酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天钙与磷的表观代谢率( P<0.05)。饲粮添加酸化剂可改善产蛋鸡饲料转化效率、鸡蛋品质；提高蛋鸡肠道消化酶活性及钙、磷表观代谢率；改善肠道微生态环境。     

中国饲料粮消费问题探析

为了准确分析中国当前饲料粮供需情况及影响因素,首先通过供给法计算出1984—2013年的狭义饲料粮可供给数据,其次通过需求法计算中国饲料粮消费数据。推算得出饲料粮供需数据虽有差距但都呈增长趋势。中国粮食政策加剧了饲料粮供需失衡状况。因此提出相应政策建议:一是适当增加肉类产品进口并严厉打击走私;二是粮食政策在确保主粮(大米和小麦)基本自给基础上,适度进口饲料粮(主要是玉米),并在海关政策制订上将精饲料原料通盘考虑,制订考虑替代品如大麦、高粱、DDGS等在内的一揽子关税与配额政策。     

早熟鲜食枣新品种‘串枣’

 ‘串枣’是从山东省济南市南部山区枣树实生群体中选出的早熟鲜食新品种。果实椭圆形，平均单果质量14.47 g，最大23.16 g；成熟果实红色，果面光滑，果肉浅绿色，肉质细腻，风味甜，品质佳。果核0.4 g，含仁率40%。鲜果可溶性固形物31.5%，可滴定酸4.11 g · kg^-1，可食率96.7%，维生素C 3.039 mg · g^-1。在济南市南部山区8月下旬果实成熟，果实发育期80 ~ 85 d。早熟，丰产，稳产，耐瘠薄，耐干旱，适应性强，适合在枣产区栽植。     

济宁市兖州区农机安全现状与对策

通过对济宁市兖州区农业机械的基本情况、事故伤害情况进行分析,给出了相对应的建议与对策。      

玉米大豆间作种植密度耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究

云南省大豆的种植主要以与玉米间作为主,适宜的种植密度是获得高产的前提,为研究种植密度对群体产量和经济产值的影响,找到最佳种植密度组合。采用二次饱和D-最优设计,分别在云南嵩明县（A）、会泽县（B）和鲁甸县（C）等3个点进行试验。研究了玉米和大豆种植密度对群体产量和经济产值的影响,并分别建立二元二次数学模型。结果表明：玉米和大豆密度对间作群体产量和经济产值影响显著,均呈凸抛物线型变化,在低密度水平下,群体产量和经济产值随密度的增加而增加。通过模型解析表明,玉米+大豆密度组合分别为64 110株/hm ²+147 013株/hm ²（A）、63 068株/hm ²+147 116株/hm ²（B）、64 059株/hm ²+145 077株/hm ²（C）时,各试验点可分别达到最高群体产量。玉米+大豆密度组合分别为62 909株/hm ²+149 852株/hm ²（A）、61 499株/hm ²+151 807株/hm ²（B）、62 762株/hm ²+147 108株/hm ²（C）时,各试验点可分别达到最高产值。经模拟得出,在本试验条件下,各试验点玉米大豆间作群体产量≥12 270kg/hm ²、经济产值≥24 000元/hm ²的最佳密度组合分别为玉米59 251~66 437株/hm ²、大豆140 075~161 495株/hm ²（A）,玉米58 927~65 366株/hm ²、大豆144 159~169 203株/hm ²（B）,玉米58 821~66 703株/hm ²、大豆139 315~154 886株/hm ²（C）。合理的密度搭配能有效提高群体产量,获得较高经济产值。