Effect of short‐term exposure of cumulus–oocyte complex to 3‐morpholinosydnonimine on in vitro embryo development and gene expression in cattle

Short‐term exposure of gametes to different types of stress might induce stress tolerance in mammalian embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short‐term exposure of bovine mature cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) to 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) on subsequent in vitro embryo development, embryo quality and relative gene expression. Matured COCs were incubated with SIN‐1 (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM SIN‐1) for 1 hr before in vitro fertilization and zygotes were cultured until Day 7. The cleavage rate at 72 hr did not show any differences among groups. However, the blastocyst rate on Day 7 decreased with all treatments evaluated, with the embryos generated with 10 μM SIN‐1 showing the lowest embryo production rate. Embryo quality analysis did not show any differences in total cell number (TCN) or inner cell mass (ICM) among groups. Relative gene expression analysis showed a downregulation of eNOS expression and an upregulation of nNOS expression in all treatments evaluated compared to the control group. Also, a downregulation was observed in some treatments: SOD2 at 0.1 μM; SOD1 at 0.1 and 100 μM; PRDX5 at 0.1, 10 and 100 μM; and NANOG at 10 and 100 μM; and an upregulation of CDX2 expression was observed at 100 μM. The other genes (OCT4, HIF1A, HSPA1A, BCL2A and iNOS) did not show any differences in the relative gene expression. These results suggest that the short‐term exposure of mature bovine COCs to SIN‐1 does not induce stress tolerance and has no beneficial effect on bovine in vitro embryo production.     

Measurements of the equation of state of deuterium at the fluid insulator-metal transition

A high-intensity laser was used to shock-compress liquid deuterium to pressures from 22 to 340 gigapascals. In this regime deuterium is predicted to transform from an insulating molecular fluid to an atomic metallic fluid. Shock densities and pressures, determined by radiography, revealed an increase in compressibility near 100 gigapascals indicative of such a transition. Velocity interferometry measurements, obtained by reflecting a laser probe directly off the shock front in flight, demonstrated that deuterium shocked above 55 gigapascals has an electrical conductivity characteristic of a liquid metal and independently confirmed the radiography.     

种植密度和灌溉量对西辽河平原春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

在内蒙古通辽市辽河镇浅埋滴灌水肥一体化条件下,以DK159为研究对象,设置6.0万株/hm²(D1,CK,农民常规种植密度)和9.0万株/hm²(D2)两种种植密度处理和45 mm(I₄₅)、90 mm(I₉₀)、180 mm(I₁₈₀)、270 mm(I₂₇₀)、360 mm(I₃₆₀)、450 mm(I₄₅₀,CK,农民常规灌溉量)6个灌溉量水平,研究种植密度和灌溉量对玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,9.0万株/hm²密度下在360 mm的灌溉量下获得最高产量和较高的WUE;6.0万株/hm²密度下在270 mm的灌溉量下获得最高产量和较高WUE。与传统生产方式(D1-I₄₅₀处理)相比,D1-I₂₇₀处理的产量无显著降低,灌溉量降低40.0%,蒸散量减少19.7%,WUE提高25.1%;D2-I     

高职跨学科、跨专业复合型人才培养模式研究——以法务会计为例

为了更好地适应经济社会发展的需要,整合现有优质教育资源,研究跨专业、跨学科复合型人才培养机制,已经成为高等职业教育的重要研究课题。财务舞弊案件以及经济纠纷处理需要运用大量会计、审计、法律知识,社会对高素质法务会计人才的需求随着经济的发展越来越迫切,以高职法务会计人才培养为例进行跨学科、跨专业复合型人才培养模式研究具有重要意义。"精英教育"培养模式是对优秀学生进行的一种"个性化培养",是促进学生"多元化发展"的举措。以"精英教育"模式培养高职法务会计人才,需要从课程体系建设、教学资源建设、实践教学条件建设、师资建设等方面进行改革,进而设计人才培养方案。     

北京春玉米机械粒收质量影响因素研究及品种筛选

2014～2016年在北京密云区和延庆区开展4个点次7组机械粒收试验。结果表明,破碎率均值为8.81%,高于《玉米收获机械技术条件(GB/T 21962-2008)》中规定子粒破碎率应≤5%的标准;杂质率均值为1.25%,总损失率为1.10%,分别低于≤3%和≤5%的国标标准。延迟10 d收获,供试6个品种玉米子粒含水率均值由25.9%降低到20.9%,下降了5个百分点,玉米收获质量得到显著改善,其中破碎率由5.71%下降到3.68%,降低了2.03个百分点。按双向平均作图法筛选出宁玉524,MC703,真金8号,登海9号和联创808等5个适宜机械粒收候选品种,其子粒含水率平均为23.27%,较对照郑单958低4.71个百分点;平均单产1 4921.7 kg/hm2,较郑单958对照高出14.87%。     

内蒙古玉米机械粒收质量及其影响因素研究

2013～2017年在内蒙古开展9组机械粒收品种筛选与技术集成示范,共获得97个品种/组合139个品次样本数据。收获时采取机械粒收测产方式对其中6组试验进行产量和收获质量测试,结果表明,收获时子粒破碎率均值为9.89%,产量总损失率均值为5.77%,高于国标(GBT-21961—2008)规定≤5%的要求。子粒含水率均值为26.78%,含水率与破碎率、杂质率呈显著正相关。按子粒含水率和单产水平2个指标采用双向平均法作图进行品种分类,对97个供试品种/组合进行初步筛选,吉单66等15个品种表现出子粒含水率低、单产水平高的特点,适合机械粒收。     

玉米机械收获子粒破碎率与含水率关系的品种间差异

基于2012～2017年在北疆大田机械粒收条件下获取的收获质量评价数据,分析当地主栽的9个品种机械粒收过程中子粒破碎率和含水率的关系。调查范围内,不同品种收获期子粒含水率平均值分布范围为19.6%(KX9384,KWS1568)～28.2%(联创808),破碎率平均值分布范围为2.8%(新引M753)～8.5%(KWS2564),收获时品种间子粒含水率和破碎率均存在显著差异。分析显示,虽然131个样本子粒含水率(y)与破碎率(x)之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.302**),符合二次曲线(y=ax~2+bx+c)关系,但不同品种破碎率对子粒含水率的响应程度具有一定差异。在相同含水率条件下不同品种耐破碎性能存在较大差异,相应满足国标破碎率≤5%和≤8%要求适宜收获的子粒含水率范围也不同。筛选出新引M751、新引M753、KX9384、登海618和先玉335等耐破碎性能较好的品种。     

滴灌量对新疆高产春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响研究

通过设置不同灌溉量处理,研究新疆滴灌高产玉米(≥15 000 kg/hm2)的需水规律及其灌溉量对产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,两年两地(伊宁县、奇台)均表现为玉米产量随着灌水量增大而显著增加,灌水量显著影响穗粒重,而对收获穗数无显著影响;相同灌水量不同基因型间的耗水量无显著差异,但同一基因型不同灌水量处理间的耗水量均表现为随着灌水量增大而显著增大;同一灌水量不同基因型的水分利用效率有差异,不同基因型间均表现出较低灌量处理的水分利用效率较高。综合考虑产量和水分利用效率,现行高产田灌溉量减少10%或20%,可在不影响产量的同时达到节水的目的。     

水稻抗干尖线虫基因OC-XII的克隆及表达研究

抗性验证试验表明籼稻大白谷抗水稻干尖线虫侵染。为进一步探究此抗性与病程相关蛋白——半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Cystatin)的相关性,基于水稻基因组数据克隆籼稻大白谷Cystatin家族的OC-XII基因,分别进行OC-XII、Japonica-OC-XII和Indica-OC-XII蛋白质三维结构构建,并与水稻干尖线虫组织蛋白酶B(Cathepsin B)进行分子对接以验证OC-XII基因编码蛋白对Cathepsin B的抑制功能。通过荧光定量qPCR验证OC-XII基因在线虫侵染前后的表达特性,OC-XII蛋白可以与水稻干尖线虫Cathepsin B蛋白质特异结合,线虫侵染后OC-XII基因在浸染12h~2d期间表达量持续上调,侵染3d后下调。表明OC-XII基因在大白谷抗水稻干尖线虫侵染过程中发挥功能,具有对植物寄生线虫进行生物防治的潜力,有必要对其进行深入研究。     

Clinical Use of Deslorelin for the Control of Reproduction in the Bitch

This study was conducted to evaluate clinical efficacy of deslorelin for inhibiting reproduction in the bitch. Ten adult healthy bitches or bitches with mammary neoplasia for which owners were requesting suppression of cyclicity without performing gonadectomy were administered a 4.7- or a 9.4-mg deslorelin implant subcutaneously. The first implant of deslorelin was administered in anoestrus (n = 5) or in dioestrus (n = 5). Treatment was repeated every 5 months for as long as necessary based on the clinical situation of the dog and owner's desires. Some of the bitches implanted in anoestrus came in heat within 4–15 days after treatment, while none of the bitches implanted in dioestrus showed heat during treatment. Suppression of reproductive cyclicity was successfully achieved in 6/10 bitches for 1–4 years. No behavioural and local/general side-effects were observed in any of the treated bitches. The 4.7-mg deslorelin implant may work well for suppression of cyclicity provided that it is administered in dioestrus and at intervals of 4.5 months. A 9.4-mg implant may be more suitable for this use although its efficacy may also be shorter than 12 months. Owner compliance is an important limiting factor.