森林工程装备底盘研究综述

随着我国林业的发展和劳动力日益紧张,森林工程作业机械化的重要性更加凸显。在我国山地、丘陵地区,森林工程装备底盘的性能决定了森林工程装备能否"上山入林",影响森林工程机械化的进程。本文对近些年国内外装备底盘上的研究成果进行介绍,包括具有较强越野能力的装备底盘以及有助于改善底盘性能的关键机构(悬架、转向、车轮),分析各自的优缺点,基于我国典型林区立地条件的基础上提出适合我国山地、丘陵地区作业的森林工程装备底盘的性能要求。     

杨树不同无性系根系生长的比较

通过对20个杨树无性系的根系生长进行的比较及聚类分析研究,结果表明：20个杨树无性系不定根总长度和数量均具有较大的差异,其中,中驻1号不定根总长度最长,达到35.6 m,其次是 NL351、T26和中驻6号,最小的为109,仅为15.4 m。数量最大的也是中驻1号,共65根;中驻6号、W07和 I107次之;最小的为 W03和109,均为24根。基部直径在2 cm 以下的不定根占不定根总数量的60%~80%;聚类分析将20个杨树无性系分成6类。     

随机森林在红松活立木腐朽分级中的应用

以五营森林公园中不同腐朽程度的红松为研究对象,选取无损、易获取指标(阻力损失及心材、边材异常面积比)为模型自变量,腐朽等级为因变量,利用无损检测并结合随机森林对活立木腐朽程度进行分级。使用重复分层K折交叉验证保证样本数据在训练和测试时分类均衡,并建立随机森林立木腐朽分级模型。结果表明：随机森林腐朽分级模型训练、测试精度分别为100%、90%,说明其拟合效果好、泛化能力强。随机森林对腐朽等级(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)的辨识均正确,召回率都为100%,腐朽等级Ⅲ错判1例,对腐朽立木进行分级的准确率高达96.67%,随机森林的微观、宏观平均AUC值分别为0.979 2、0.970 8。     

不同安放角度对污水搅拌器水力特性的影响

为深入对比污水处理池中搅拌器不同安放角度对其水力特性的影响,文中基于Fluent对搅拌器在不同安放角度下的水力特性进行数值模拟,得出适合搅拌器工作的较优工况.利用标准k-ε湍流模型及 SIMPLEC 算法对不同工况进行模拟,对比相应的流速分布和搅拌器中心所在平面的速度分量.结果表明:当搅拌器安放角度为-15°时,处理池内平均流速较高该工况下处理池内平均流速较高且搅拌器消耗的功率较小.通过分析搅拌器安放位置中心横断面的速度分量发现,经过搅拌器的水体呈现螺旋状向流向方向发展;在直角坐标系中3个方向速度分量各不相同.在搅拌器安放角度为-15°时,水体流速在轴y,z分量较大且不与墙体冲突.因此,在实际应用中适当改变搅拌器的安放角度,可以有效改善水体循环流动,优化搅拌器的搅拌效果,研究结果可为潜水搅拌器的实际工程提供参考.     

日本血吸虫四跨膜孤儿受体(TOR)克隆及其第一个膜外区基因的表达

埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫四跨膜孤儿受体(trispanning orphan receptors,TOR)受体可以结合补体C2a,可能在血吸虫免疫逃避过程中起重要作用。为研究日本血吸虫TOR受体的特性和功能,利用PCR扩增到Sj TOR基因并进行了生物信息学分析;同时克隆了Sj TOR基因N端第一个膜外区(ed1)基因,构建了重组质粒p ET-28a-Sj TOR-ed1,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达后用组蛋白亲和层析纯化获得重组蛋白Sj TOR-ed1,Western blot结果显示r Sj TOR-ed1能被日本血吸虫阳性小鼠血清识别。该研究为进一步开展研究日本血吸虫TOR受体的功能提供了基础。     

A Large‐scale,Rapid Public Health Response to Rabies in an Organ Recipient and the Previously Undiagnosed Organ Donor

This article describes and contrasts the public health response to two human rabies cases: one organ recipient diagnosed within days of symptom onset and the transplant donor who was diagnosed 18 months post‐symptom onset. In response to an organ‐transplant‐related rabies case diagnosed in 2013, organ donor and recipient investigations were conducted by multiple public health agencies. Persons with potential exposure to infectious patient materials were assessed for rabies virus exposure. An exposure investigation was conducted to determine the source of the organ donor's infection. Over 100 persons from more than 20 agencies spent over 2700 h conducting contact investigations in healthcare, military and community settings. The 564 persons assessed include 417 healthcare workers [5.8% recommended for post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP)], 96 community contacts (15.6% recommended for PEP), 30 autopsy personnel (50% recommended for PEP), and 21 other persons (4.8% recommended for PEP). Donor contacts represented 188 assessed with 20.2% recommended for PEP, compared with 5.6% of 306 recipient contacts recommended for PEP. Human rabies cases result in substantial use of public health and medical resources, especially when diagnosis is delayed. Although rare, clinicians should consider rabies in cases of encephalitis of unexplained aetiology, particularly for cases that may result in organ donation.     

Farm-level land diversity of smallholders with limited input resources during urbanization in Taiwan

During urbanization in Taiwan, the input resources of farmland are always compressed by other land uses; the landscape diversity of small farms is emphasized in rural areas. To determine the extent to which diversity in farmland use corresponds with urbanization, a goal programming study was established. This was analysed by investigating several assumed options of diversification that are available to the smallholder. The results revealed that the existing pattern of land use among members of the Taoyuan Irrigation Association (TIA) is constrained mainly by the basic requirement for paddy fields. The value of the gross benefit of farmer could be reduced by 20 %, and that of landscape diversity could increase by 67 % in cases of which the paddy field is reduced for other land use through the optimal allocation of the studied land use was implemented. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the existing pattern of land use can survive the potential shortage of input resources to adapt urbanization through the diversified land use. Among the options for diversified land use, a varied landscape can be created that will both enrich the recreational space, and enhance the reasonable consumption of limited input resources in small farm.     

福建省设施蔬菜生产现状及其发展对策研究

近年来福建省设施蔬菜发展较快.通过总结福建省设施蔬菜生产现状、设施类型及应用性能,分析设施蔬菜产业发展过程中存在的问题,并提出对策,以期为设施蔬菜产业良性、高效发展提供参考.     

活立木生物电及其环境因子远程监测系统的设计

针对活立木与土壤之间存在的生物电实时测量困难的问题,介绍一种活立木生物电及其环境因子远程监测系统。该系统主要包括对活立木生物电信号及其周围环境因子进行采集的下位机系统、进行无线通信的GPRS网络以及对数据进行显示、处理和分析的上位机系统。通过分析位于北京林业大学校内的美桐树进行实验所得到的数据表明,该测量系统能够准确测量活立木生物电信号及周围环境因子,并能将数据实时传送至远程服务器端,可以满足实时测量要求,为后续活立木生物电信号的深入研究和利用奠定了基础。     

航空施药中雾滴沉积传感器系统设计与实验

基于变介电常数电容器原理设计雾滴沉积传感器及检测系统,由此实现对航空施药中雾滴地面沉积量的快速获取。通过实验,分析建立了传感器对电导率487μS/cm、25 mS/cm雾滴的沉积量测量线性回归方程,决定系数R2分别为0.9923和0.9544。利用M-18B型飞机和AU-5000型喷雾机,对系统进行了应用测试,结果表明:与水敏纸图像分析方法对比,2种方法获得的雾滴地面沉积量分布曲线拟合度可达0.914 6,样点单位面积沉积量的相对测量误差分布在10%~50%之间。