Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events.[Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons.Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment.Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis.[Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated,soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay ＋ silt proportion due to a wider textural range,better than sole clay content.Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay ＋ silt content in maintaining carbon.Clay content explained 12％-41％ and 14％-43％ of variation via linear and exponential functions,respectively.Accordingly,clay ＋ silt content explained 47％-65％ and 46％-70％.[Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation.For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges,it is robust to adapt clay ＋ silt content as dependent variable and exponential function.The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.     

五指山市乔木林动态变化特征分析

为了了解五指山市乔木林的空间分布特征,掌握主要林分因子的发展趋势,结合海南省五指山市四期森林资源连续清查数据,运用ArcGIS10.0、SPSS软件,对五指山市连续15 a乔木林地的变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)乔木林为五指山市主要的用地类型,且数目逐年增加;(2)乔木林分主要分布在海拔在500~1 000 m、坡度在15°~35°之间向阳的空间范围内;(3)平均年龄为28.54,平均树高为11.41 m,平均胸径为13.46 m,平均每亩蓄积为8.86 m3,平均郁闭度为0.609。从龄组结构来看,大多属于中龄林与幼龄林,处于正演替阶段。     

Ultrastructural impairment of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. The expression of insulin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in islet microvessels was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The ultrastructural changes of islet β cells and islet microvessels were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of islet β cells, ratio of β cells/α cells, average number of secretory granules in β cells and insulin expression area per islet in diabetic group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Besides, diabetic group had fewer microvessels with lower expression of CD31 (P<0.01). Mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in diabetic group were swelling. The basement membrane of islet microvessels became thicker in diabetic group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Islet microvascular endothelial cells were impaired in type 1 diabetic mice.     

优质甜橙新品种‘津香橙’

 ‘津香橙’是由‘梨橙’（母本）与‘强德勒红心柚’（父本）杂交培育出的优质无核甜橙新品种。果实近圆球形，单果质量150 ~ 160 g，种子数0.6粒以下；果面光滑，深橙色，油胞细密；果肉细嫩化渣，酸甜适中，风味浓郁，可溶性固形物含量13.1%，总酸9.6 mg · mL^-1，总糖102.6 mg · mL^-1，维生素C含量468 mg · L^-1，可食率70.7%，出汁率57.3%。树势强健，丰产性好，在10年‘梨橙’中间砧上高接换头第3年株产达到40.58 kg。成熟期在11月下旬。适宜重庆及相似生态区年均温17.5 ℃以上区域种植。     

中国不同品种谷子抗性淀粉分布规律

抗性淀粉是谷子中的重要功能成分。对来自中国4个生态区10个省份216个谷子品种抗性淀粉含量进行分析。结果表明,中国谷子地方品种抗性淀粉平均值为2.43%,含量变幅为0.00%~6.74%,变异系数为50.26%,呈偏正态分布;不同生态区谷子抗性淀粉含量从高到低依次为内蒙古高原、华北平原、东北平原、黄土高原,且内蒙古高原和黄土高原之间差异显著(P0.05);不同省份抗性淀粉含量存在一定差异,其中黑龙江谷子抗性淀粉含量显著高于内蒙古和甘肃(P0.05),其他省份间差异不大;不同省份谷子(黑龙江除外)和不同生态区品种谷子抗性淀粉含量以2.00%~4.00%为主。     

临泽县肉牛产业的调查与思考

通过对临泽县肉牛产业的调查,临泽县肉牛产业发展具有饲草资源丰富,养牛基础较好,规模优势明显,以及健全的服务保障和政策优势,提出了今后发展肉牛产业需要继续扩大养殖规模,培育发展龙头企业,走品牌道路,完善服务体系等五项建议和对策。     

废弃矿区大豆根际土壤细菌群落对施肥方式的响应

【目的】从细菌多样性和组成结构角度评估化学肥料与硅酸钠或蚯蚓结合施用对废弃矿区大豆根际细菌群落的影响,为日后矿区复垦和生态恢复提供理论依据。【方法】在广东省梅州市黄畲村废弃矿区种植大豆‘华春9号’,试验设置4个施肥处理:氮磷钾肥结合硅酸钠(3NPK+S和5NPK+S),氮磷钾肥结合蚯蚓20条·m-2(3NPK+E和5NPK+E),以不施肥为对照(3CK和5CK)。在施肥后3和5个月时对大豆根际土壤进行采样。通过提取土壤细菌总DNA、16S rRNA测序和测定土壤基本化学性质,探究该矿区大豆根际细菌群落多样性和结构对不同施肥处理的动态响应过程。【结果】与3CK相比,3NPK+E处理显著增加了Chao1和Shannon指数;与5NPK+E处理相比,5NPK+S处理显著增加了Shannon指数。主坐标分析(PCoA)表明,不同处理下的根际细菌群落组成在操作分类单元(OTU)水平上出现显著分离。从属的相对丰度来看,Uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae是3NPK+S、3NPK+E、5NPK+S、5NPK+E处理土壤中的优势菌属。基于Mantel检验和典型关联分析(CCA)显示,土壤有机质、有效磷和全碳含量对5NPK+E处理的根际细菌群落有显著影响。【结论】施加NPK+S和NPK+E肥料均能有效提高矿区土壤细菌多样性,从而间接对土壤修复起促进作用。施肥方式和处理时间均会显著影响细菌群落组成,并且施肥处理时间越长对细菌群落组成的影响越明显。Uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae富集在施肥处理下的土壤中,这类细菌可能在促使碳转化的过程中起重要作用,同时还具有修复土壤污染的潜力。NPK+E施用增加了有机质含量,对细菌群落的生长有促进作用。     

1969-2019年临安茶尺蠖发生特点调查与分析

茶尺蠖是临安的主要茶园害虫之一,调查显示近半个世纪茶尺蠖在该地区呈间断性暴发,茶园生产措施和海拔高度对其发生为害程度有影响;成虫体色变化与海拔高度有关联,低海拔地区成虫灰、黑体色同存,高海拔地区成虫只有灰体色。本文结合生产实际,提出了防控茶尺蠖暴发的对策措施。