钙肥对春甜桔产量和品质的影响

【目的】探讨施用不同钙肥对柑桔裂果、产量和品质的影响,为钙肥在柑桔生产中的合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验设5个处理（不施钙肥作对照,其余分别施用乙酸钙、硝酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、石灰）。乙酸钙、硝酸钙、磷酸二氢钙按等量钙设计采用叶面喷施;石灰采用土施,施用量为1.5 kg/株,均在柑桔果实膨大初期施用。在裂果高峰期调查裂果情况,果实成熟时测定各处理的果实产量,分析果实的品质。【结果】与不施钙相比,施用不同钙肥均能明显减少柑桔的裂果数量,提高单果重和果实产量, 增产效果从高到低依次是石灰>乙酸钙>磷酸二氢钙>硝酸钙,增产率分别为22.43%、18.75%、15.09%、13.24%,施用钙肥还可降低果实的酸度,果实的糖酸比提高125.0%~186.5%,同时可提高果实维生素C的含量和果皮钙的含量,降低贮藏期的烂果率。【结论】施用钙肥对柑桔果实产量和品质具有明显的促进作用,既能提高产量,又能改善品质。     

越南农业生产概况

概述了越南的地理位置及气候条件,指出根据越南地形、土壤和气候条件,可将越南农业划分为红河平原、北部丘陵山区、中山部及中部沿海地区、西原地区、东南部、九龙江平原6个生态区,并介绍了越南农业结构以及玉米、水稻、木薯、红薯、甘蔗、花生、大豆、茶叶、咖啡、橡胶、胡椒、腰果、椰子等主要农作物的生产概况。     

杂交紫长茄瑞丰3号优化栽培模式研究

【目的】研究不同施肥措施及栽培密度对茄子新品种瑞丰3号产量的影响,为瑞丰3号紫长茄高产栽培提供科学参考。【方法】采用“416-B”最优混合设计,探讨种植密度和氮、钾、磷肥施用量与瑞丰3号紫长茄产量、利润及产投比的关系,并建立三元二次回归模型,分析各因子对产量形成的影响及相互作用效应。【结果】4个因素对茄子产量影响的顺序依次为氮肥>钾肥>种植密度>磷肥,说明氮肥和钾肥施用量是制约紫长茄产量的主导因素。【结论】在该试验条件下,其最佳栽培措施是：施氮量297.33 kg/ha, 施钾量371.44 kg/ha,施磷量95.68 kg/ha,种植密度36908株/ha,紫长茄最优产量为100937.7±13239.5 kg/ha。     

木薯对氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼的吸收特性及施肥效应

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼肥对木薯养分吸收及生长的影响。【方法】采用田间试验,设最佳施肥处理OPT（N+P+K+Mg+Zn+B）、减氮施肥OPT-N、减磷施肥OPT-P、减钾施肥OPT-K、减镁施肥OPT-Mg、减锌施肥OPT-Zn、减硼施肥OPT-B处理和不施肥处理,测定各处理木薯产量以及块根、茎、叶养分吸收量和养分吸收强度。【结果】OPT处理木薯所吸收的N、P、K、Zn养分主要累积在茎部,Ca、Mg养分主要累积在叶片和茎部,B养分主要累积在叶片部位中。木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度呈抛物线状,在块根膨大期前呈逐渐提高,块根膨大后,木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度逐渐下降。增施N、P、K、Mg肥,木薯产量分别提高38.01%、13.09%、23.14%和8.99%;增施1 kg N、P2O5、K2O、MgO木薯产量分别增加101、54、22和49 kg;OPT处理产值最高（13217元/ha）。【结论】施肥均可提高木薯的养分吸收量,但K、Za、B肥会抑制Mg的吸收。不同施肥条件对木薯产量有显著的影响。     

杧果短截结果母枝玉米素核苷含量的动态变化

【目的】测定杧果花芽分化期间结果母枝各器官内玉米素核苷（ZR）含量,探索ZR在杧果花芽分化中的作用。【方法】利用杧果花枝短截后剪口芽在当年还能再次花芽分化并开花结果的现象,应用酶联免疫吸附分析方法（ELISA）定期测定剪口叶、附近韧皮部及芽内ZR含量。【结果】短截结果母枝后,剪口叶、附近韧皮部和剪口芽内ZR含量分别于2月25、20日和3月2日降至最低,为1.73、1.52、2.0 μg·g-1FW;叶片、韧皮部及剪口芽于3月12日达最大值,为6.39、8.47、10.32 μg·g-1FW。2月25日剪口芽芽眼中心颜色逐渐呈蜡黄,并向芽体四周扩散;3月2～7日,芽体逐渐膨大,蜡黄色加深,芽眼呈半透明状;3月7日后绿色逐渐增加,半透明状消失。【结论】ZR在杧果花芽分化的不同阶段具有不同作用。花芽分化临界期前,ZR含量低,生长点细胞活性下降,有利于杧果植株从叶芽生理状态转化为花芽生理状态;花芽临界期后,相对高的ZR含量有利于杧果植株生长点进行花芽分化。     

引进国际水稻所籼稻品系主成分及聚类分析

【目的】综合比较、评价从国际水稻研究所引进的籼稻资源,旨在更有效利用外引稻种资源。【方法】采用DPS软件对来自国际水稻研究所的118个籼稻资源的主要农艺性状进行主成分分析及聚类分析。【结果】粒型、株高、粒重、粒长、结实和熟期这6个主要因子对变异的累积贡献率达85.1873%。依据主成分向量将118份引进材料聚为3大类型：第1大类群为矮秆、多穗、长粒类型,共34份材料;第2大类群为高秆、迟熟、少蘖、长穗型,共49份材料;第3大类群为半矮秆、早熟、高实、小穗类型,共35份材料。【结论】在利用外引资源时,要利用主成分等信息,抓住主要因子进行聚类,这样能更有效地利用外引资源。     

5种生物农药对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果

【目的】明确乙基多杀霉素SC、苏云金杆菌SC、阿维菌素WDG、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EW、球孢白僵菌WDG 5种生物杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果,筛选出可替代化学农药防治稻纵卷叶螟的生物农药。【方法】供试药剂设高、中、低3个剂量,与常用化学农药推荐剂量及空白处理进行比较。【结果】药后12 d,6%乙基多杀霉素对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果为97.45%~98.89%,8000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌的防治效果为81.31%~91.68%,10%阿维菌素的防治效果为77.27%~90.61%,2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的防治效果为79.62%~89.21%,400亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌的防治效果为75.62%~86.54%。【结论】乙基多杀霉素等5种生物农药对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果与化学农药相当,甚至更高,可替代化学农药用于防治稻纵卷叶螟,建议在生产上推广应用。     

硅磷互作对甘蔗生长及产量效应研究

【目的】研究硅、磷不同配比对广西赤红壤区甘蔗出苗率、生长速率及产量的影响,寻求适合甘蔗生长的最佳硅、磷配比。【方法】采取二次回归D-最优设计在广西农业科学院网室进行盆栽试验,运用SAS统计分析软件对试验结果进行回归分析,建立多项式回归模型,并通过计算机程序对模型进行仿真寻优。【结果】施磷有较好的甘蔗产量收益,而合适的磷、硅配施,有利于甘蔗出苗及生长,并可获得较高的甘蔗产量。甘蔗产量水平与磷素（x1）、硅素（x2）间的回归模型为：y=4.080+0.254x1-0.068x2+0.077x1x2-0.315x12-0.207x22。磷和硅最佳施用量分别为7.5 g/盆（P2O5） 和7.2 g/盆（SiO2）,磷与硅最佳配施比例为7.5∶7.2,甘蔗产量为4.12 kg/盆,经济效益为1.82元/盆。【结论】建立的甘蔗产量与硅、磷肥用量的回归模型可用作同类甘蔗地土壤的施肥决策和预报,磷（P2O5）和硅（SiO2）的最佳比例为7.5∶7.2。     

High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the Common raven (Corvus corax) in the Northeast of Spain

In recent years, multiple cases of aggressive behavior of Common ravens (Corvus corax) have been reported by farmers in Catalonia (NE Spain), including attacking of newborn animals and consumption of dead foetuses. In the present study, seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum was determined from 113 legally trapped and released Common ravens. T. gondii antibodies were found in 91 (80.5%; CI 95%:72-87) of 113 sera tested by the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 24 (35.8%; IC 95%: 24.5-48.5) of 67 Common ravens tested by an indirect fluorescence antibody test with titers ranging from 1:50 (n=18) to ≥1:100 (n=6). To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies in C. corax. The seroprevalence detected is one of the highest reported worldwide in wild birds, suggesting an important role for this species in the epidemiology of both parasites.     

The growing prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees in Spain, an emerging problem for the last decade

Microsporidiosis caused by infection with Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae has become one of the most widespread diseases of honey bees and can cause important economic losses for beekeepers. Honey can be contaminated by spores of both species and it has been reported as a suitable matrix to study the field prevalence of other honey bee sporulated pathogens. Historical honey sample collections from the CAR laboratory (Centro Apícola Regional) were analyzed by PCR to identify the earliest instance of emergence, and to determine whether the presence of Nosema spp. in honey was linked to the spread of these microsporidia in honey bee apiaries. A total of 240 frozen honey samples were analyzed by PCR and the results compared with rates of Nosema spp. infection in worker bee samples from different years and geographical areas. The presence of Nosema spp. in hive-stored honey from naturally infected honey bee colonies (from an experimental apiary) was also monitored, and although collected honey bees resulted in a more suitable sample to study the presence of microsporidian parasites in the colonies, a high probability of finding Nosema spp. in their hive-stored honey was observed. The first honey sample in which N. ceranae was detected dates back to the year 2000. In subsequent years, the number of samples containing N. ceranae tended to increase, as did the detection of Nosema spp. in adult worker bees. The presence of N. ceranae as early as 2000, long before generalized bee depopulation and colony losses in 2004 may be consistent with a long incubation period for nosemosis type C or related with other unknown factors. The current prevalence of nosemosis, primarily due to N. ceranae, has reached epidemic levels in Spain as confirmed by the analysis of worker honey bees and commercial honey.