A comparison of progeny from diallel crosses of diploid potato with regard to the frequencies of 2n-pollen grains

Summary Selection of diploid potato genotypes that produce high frequencies of 2n-pollen grains in different environments is an important requirement for analytic breeding as well as for true potato seed production. In this context, quantitative estimates of 2n-pollen formation were made in two type of diploid potato populations. One population set consisted of the progeny from diallel crosses of five well-known diploid potato clones (A=US-W 5293.3, B=US-W 5295.7, C=US-W 5337.3, D=US-W 7589.2 and E=772102-37). Another population set was obtained by pollinating three genotypes of Solanum phureja, IvP35, IvP48 and IvP101 with clones A, C and E. It was observed that the behaviour of the parental clones with respect to 2n-pollen grains formation in different environments, such as in Europe and China, was stable. The correlation coefficient between means of 2n-pollen grains frequency of combinations and percentage of genotypes with more than 5% 2n-pollen grains in a given combination were estimated and that between mean and maximum frequency of 2n-pollen grains formation in each combination. The results showed that the former coefficients were significant wheareas the latter were not. The combining ability analysis revealed variation in 2n-pollen grains formation between families. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects contributed much more than general combining ability (GCA) to the variation in 2n-pollen grains formation. The broad-sense heritability of 2n-pollen grains formation was estimated to vary between 0.45 and 0.53 and the narrow-sense heritability was calculated to be 0.15 and 0.20 in the two types of populations. This means that additive variance was relatively low. Two to four genes were estimated to control the inheritance of 2n-pollen grains formation.     

Cd、Pb处理对银杏种子萌发的影响

以重金属Cd和Pb为试验胁迫因子，采用沙培方法研究了银杏种子经重金属处理后发芽及萌发生理的变化，结果表明：（1）低浓度Cd对银杏种子的发芽有促进作用，高浓度cd则表现为抑制作用。Pb不同浓度处理对银杏种子的萌发均表现为抑制作用，浓度越高其抑制作用越显著。（2）种子不同萌发阶段，重金属对银杏的蛋白质代谢和氨基酸代谢有着明显的影响作用，种子萌发初期表现为促进作用，但随着种子萌发的进行，高浓度重金属对银杏种子生理代谢可能产生了抑制效应，重金属对银杏萌发代谢的影响机理有待进一步的研究。     

STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK MASS WITH BIDIRECTIONAL INTERMITTENT CROSS JOINTS

In this paper,the strength properties of rock mass withrows of intermittent bidirectional cross joints by simulating models arediscussed.Work has been done on finding the failure mechanism of therock mass as well as the influence of joint direction and lateral pressureon tne strength of the rock mass.At the end of the paper,model testresults ahd FEM analyses are presented and strength criteria for thiskind of rock mass are proposed.     

NONLINEAR ELASTIC-DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION OF BRITTLE ROCK AND EXPERIMENAAL VERIFICATION

on the basis of the experimental studies of mechanical properties in brittle rock,the generalized elastic modulus,generalized elastic Poisson ratio,irreversible deformation Poisson ratio and damage deformation characteristic arediscussed.And then,a new damage variable is defined.A new nonlinear elastic-damage constitutive equation is built and the damage evolution equation is proposed.The nonlinear elastic-damage constitutive equation is verified in the uniaxialcompression test of quartz sandstone in Chongqing.The results show that reasonableagreement exists between the theoretical analysis and the experimental data.     

应用国产激素进行奶牛超数排卵的研究

研究了国产激素(FSH)在使用方法、时间、剂量、配制比例等方面对奶牛超数排卵效果的影响,并对供体牛的年龄、胎次、产后日期,重复超排及季节、气候等各种因素在超数排卵效果方面进行了探讨。研究结果还表明国产FSH超排效果比较稳定。     

5株芽孢杆菌对棉花病害的防治效果及其对棉苗生长的影响

来自５种植物根围土壤的５株芽孢杆菌对棉花立枯病菌、炭疽病菌、黄萎病菌、枯萎病菌、棉铃疫霉病菌和棉叶斑病菌均有较强抑制效果。室内发芽试验表明，Ｃ一６２菌株显著促进棉子发芽，其余４个菌株对发芽无显著影响。５个菌株的培养液处理棉子后对棉苗病害的防治效果为６０．Ｏ％～７５．７％，株高、苗鲜重、真叶数及茎粗均高于对照及灵福合剂处理。以综合效果较好的Ｃ一６２、Ｃ一３７和Ｃ一５４制成水剂和粉剂在江苏、河南和山东等地进行了２～３年小区试验，得到了一致的结果。以种子重５％～２５％浸种或拌种对棉花苗期立枯病、炭疽病等有４０％～６０％的防治效果，处理的棉子顶土快，棉苗素质。     

BP神经网络在储粮害虫分类中的应用研究

综合利用计算机视觉技术和BP神经网络技术,实现对粮仓害虫的无损检测.通过对粮仓害虫图像的CCD图像预处理,获取了几何特征和不变矩等15个特征参数,并通过优化选取其中七个参数输入神经网络进行训练.仿真结果表明训练网络对粮仓四类常见害虫的识别率达到了85%,得到了较好的识别结果.     

不同灌水方式对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长及产量的影响

在人工防雨篷下研究了前期不同灌水处理对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长、光合生理及产量的影响,以期为该区小麦增产和水分高效利用提供科学依据和理论帮助。结果表明,灌1水条件下小麦叶片长宽和单茎干物重随灌水日期的推迟呈先增加后下降的趋势,并以生育前期水分充足处理CK最高,W5100d(出苗后100 d灌水)处理次之,且总灌水量一致下小麦生育前期灌1水和灌2水效果间的差异不显著。生育前期适当推迟灌水日期有利于增加小麦生育中后期的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,且灌浆中期W5100d处理的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量高于CK。小麦生育前期适当推迟灌水日期亦有利于降低植株蒸腾速率改善小麦光合特性,其中W5100d处理的光合速率比对照CK增加了11.4%。W5100d与CK处理的产量差异不显著,分别为6 955.40,7 102.67 kg/hm2,但两者产量明显高于其他灌水处理。相关分析表明,小麦叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率与单茎干物重和产量间皆呈直线显著正相关关系。研究得出,小麦生育前期适当延长灌水日期有利于改善小麦中后期生长发育、光合特性及产量,且总灌水量一致下灌水次数效果间的差异不显著。     

利用SSR和SRAP标记分析花椰菜自交系的遗传多样性

为选育优质花椰菜新品种,指导种质资源引进和利用,本研究采用简单重复序(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记和相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对38份花椰菜自交系进行了遗传多样性分析,分别从48对SSR引物、48对SRAP引物中各筛选出4对有效引物。4对SSR引物扩增的总条带数为47个,多态性条带为39个,平均多态性比率达83.0%;4对SRAP引物扩增的总条带数为86个,多态性条带为51个,平均多态性比率为59.3%,该结果显示花椰菜自交系间具有较丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析揭示了花椰菜自交系的熟期与其遗传差异相关。     

植物NAC转录因子功能研究新进展

NAC(NAM,ATAF1,ATAF2和CUC2)转录因子是植物特有的一类转录因子,在多种陆生植物基因组中已经有超过100个成员被发现和鉴定,是植物基因组中最大的转录因子家族之一。植物NAC转录因子具有多种功能,在植物生长发育、逆境胁迫应答和激素信号转导等过程中具有重要作用。本文就植物NAC转录因子的基本结构特征和生物学功能的研究新进展进行综述。