Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

温差发电装置在单缸柴油机上的应用

对温差发电装置中的主要器件热电转换模块进行了热电耦合模拟并在单缸机上进行实验验证,温差的大小是决定发电效率的直接因素之一。对热电模块在温差发电装置上的安装以及装置在单缸机排气管上的安装做系统分析。设计恒压电路,使温差装置所回收的电能有效的充入蓄电池。当电路中的电流达到1A时,24块热电模块能回收132W的能量,相当于额定功率的1%。     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

“中国春”小麦不同缺体的RAPD分析

利用ＰＣＲ－９０Ａ型ＤＮＡ扩增仪，对７个中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ进行了扩增。结果显示，中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ的ＲＡＰＤ产物可分为二种类型：（１）所有供试材料均能扩增出的片段，代表了核ＤＮＡ在进化上的保守性。有一个引物检测到这类片段。（２）全部供试材料间存在的差异片段，这类片段是用来基因定位的主要依据。另外，建立中国春小麦缺体系统的ＲＡＰＤ指纹图谱对研究小麦的系统进化也将有重要意义     

日粮蛋白质水平对云南半细毛羊空怀母羊能量代谢的影响

为研究日粮蛋白质水平对云南半细毛羊空怀母羊能量代谢的影响,试验选择25只云南半细毛羊空怀母羊,平均分为5个组,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为8.4%、10.0%、12.3%、13.6%、15.9%的日粮,用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,试验期共19 d,预试期14 d,正试期5 d。结果表明：（1）日粮蛋白质水平对总能摄入量无显著影响（P > 0.05）。（2）从组1到组5粪能逐渐下降,且组3、组4、组5较组1分别降低了10.5%、11.4%、13.7%（P < 0.05）,组5较组2降低了9.5%（P < 0.05）。（3）从组1到组5尿能逐渐增加,除组2与组1、组3间差异不显著（P > 0.05）外,其余组间差异极显著（P < 0.01）。（4）组4和组5总能消化率较组1极显著提高13.2%和11.8%（P < 0.01）,其余各组差异不显著（P > 0.05）。组4总能代谢率较组1极显著提高9.8%（P < 0.01）,其余各组差异不显著（P > 0.05）。对于消化能代谢率,组1和组2差异不显著（P > 0.05）,组3、组4和组5依次显著降低（P < 0.05）。（5）蛋白质采食量与总能消化率、消化能代谢率间的回归方程分别为：Y=0.917X+45.872（R2=0.853）|Y=-0.370X+87.735（R2=0.899）。综上,日粮蛋白质水平与粪能呈负相关,与尿能呈正相关。日粮蛋白质水平为13.6%时,总能消化率和总能代谢率均较8.4%蛋白质水平组极显著提高。总能消化率随蛋白质采食量的提高而线性升高,消化能代谢率则随蛋白质采食量的提高而线性降低。 [关键词] 蛋白质|云南半细毛羊|空怀期|能量代谢     

木薯渣发酵饲料及其发酵工艺与应用

文章旨在研究木薯渣发酵饲料及其发酵工艺与应用。将木薯渣、玉米面、豆粕、玉米皮、麸皮按照质量比50∶5∶10∶10∶25的比例混合,然后将乳酸菌和酵母菌按比例与一定量的水混合,再与木薯渣饲料混匀,装入带有呼吸阀的发酵袋中,密封,室温条件下发酵4 d即生产得到木薯渣发酵饲料。结果表明：乳酸菌和酵母菌混合比例为1∶2,接种量为0.1%,水分为40%～45%时,木薯渣发酵饲料pH<4.5,酸溶蛋白和总酸含量明显增加,具有明显的酸香气味,可提高适口性;可抑制霉菌生长,确保产品安全性;还可提高饲料的营养水平和猪只消化率,提高饲料利用率;提高猪只生产性能,降低圈舍氨气浓度,改善舍内环境;同时还为木薯渣资源化利用提供良好的前提条件。