NMU化学诱变剂对早籼稻性状改良的初步研究

通过对NMU化学诱变剂诱变的11个早籼稻品种的主要经济性状的分析,得出:NMU对株高等主要经济性状均有诱变作用,但对不同性状的效果不同。株高的变异幅度最大,其次是单株谷重,播始历期的变异幅度最小;NMU诱变具有一定的方向性和专一性,11个品种中,播始历期缩短和穗粒数增加的机率较大,千粒重增大、结实率提高以及单株谷重的增加也有一定的可能性;NMU诱变还具有高效性,能够将早熟、高产及优质有机地结合到一起,解决了常规育种方法难以达到的目标;NMU诱变也具有特异性,例如在早籼26后代中出现了糯性变异株系。竹青的诱变后代出现了外观品质较优的株系。此外,还可以获得一些诸如常绿等特异型种质资源。说明:NMU化学诱变剂及这项诱变技术用于水稻育种及品种改良是十分有效的。     

2-D数字阀用低惯量旋转电磁铁及其矩角特性研究

针对传统2-D数字阀用电-机械转换器转动惯量大、动态响应低的不足,研制了一种空心杯转子结构的低惯量旋转电磁铁.通过磁路解析讨论了电磁铁结构和运行参数对输出力矩的影响;基于Ansoft/Maxwell 3-D平台对其矩角特性进行了有限元模拟.试验结果和仿真结果基本一致,该低惯量旋转电磁铁具有较大的静力矩,其矩角特性近似于正弦波形,可用作高频2-D数字阀的电-机械转换器.     

白蚁防治IPM策略中监测-诱杀技术应用概述

指出了白蚁监测-诱杀技术是在白蚁诱杀箱的技术上进行改良和扩展而发展起来的一种白蚁IPM防治技术,大量地减少了化学农药或其它杀虫剂的使用量,是一项较好地缓解目前环境污染的白蚁防治新技术,通过分析监测-诱杀技术应用原理,探讨了其应用状况,旨在为白蚁防治IPM策略研究方向提供一些建议.     

紫甘薯多酚氧化酶性质探讨

甘薯是世界上一种重要的粮食和能源作物,由于加工过程中其组织中的多酚氧化酶易催化多酚类物质氧化成黑色素,严重影响了其加工品质.以济薯18为材料,研究了pH值、温度、底物浓度等对其多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响.结果表明:紫甘薯济薯18中PPO活性在360 am处最大,其最适反应时间为11 min,最适pH值6.5,最适温...     

气动关节人工手的研究

提出了一种气动关节人工手。通过人手解剖学对手结构和运动分析，设计出了气动弯曲关节和气动球关节，并通过这些关节的串并联设计出了一只气动关节人工手。研究结果表明这些气动关节可用专用电气数字压力阀得以控制。认为对这种人工手的研究和开发具有广阔前景。     

Correlation between earthworms and plant litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest of Puerto Rico

Earthworms are recognized to play an important role in the decomposition of organic materials. To test the use of earthworms as an indicator of plant litter decomposition, we examined the abundance and biomass of earthworms in relation to plant litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest of Puerto Rico. We collected earthworms at 0–0.1 m and 0.1–0.25 m soil depths from upland and riparian sites that represent the natural variation in soils and decomposition rates within the forest. Earthworms were hand-sorted and weighed for both fresh and dry biomass. Earthworms were dominated by the exotic endogeic species Pontoscolex corethrurus Müller; they were more abundant, and had higher biomasses in the upland than in riparian sites of the forest. Plant leaf litter decomposed faster in the upland than riparian sites. We found that earthworm abundance in the upper 0.1 m of the soil profile positively correlated with decomposition rate of plant leaf litter. Ground litter removal had no effect on the abundance or biomass of endogeic earthworms. Our data suggest that earthworms can be used to predict decomposition rates of plant litter in the tropical wet forest, and that the decomposition of aboveground plant litter has little influence on the abundance and biomass of endogeic earthworms.     

A nitrogen dynamic hydroponic culture on performance and quality of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Abstract

In view of the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and the groundwater pollution caused by nitrogen (N) leaching, a nitrogen dynamic hydroponic culture was used to simulate the dynamics variation of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) in the leaching loss soil. Solutions with different ratio of NO₃-N and NH₄-N (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100) were prepared as well as the same solutions that not containing NO₃-N .Water spinach was chosen to culture in the two solutions that differ from NO₃-N every two (E2) or five days (E5) to observe the growth, quality and nutrient solution uptake. In terms of the growth, uptake of N source, N use efficiency and the chemical indicators, plants grown in the balanced solution all showed the best results. The nitrogen dynamic hydroponic culture showed some differences between E2 and E5 in some aspects. Under the same N source level, plants in E2 showed a better growth and higher NO₃-N uptake than E5. On the other hand, the uptake of NH₄-N seemed to be affected significantly by the interchanged frequency, which showed the same variations of glutamine synthetase activity. The activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase showed the coexist of NO₃-N and NH₄-N could play synergistic effect. It is not recommended to supplement NO₃-N frequently in the case of N leaching loss, which has little impact on the growth and may lead to the hard taste and groundwater pollution.     

柞蚕粉微胶囊化制备工艺的研究

为了更好得开发利用柞蚕资源，该文通过对微胶囊壁材的初选试验和包埋工艺的研究，确定了以spo-mo350变性淀粉、阿拉伯胶做为壁材，以柞蚕粉做为芯材，利用喷雾干燥的方法制备柞蚕粉微胶囊。通过正交试验确定微胶囊包埋最佳工艺参数为：spo-mo350变性淀粉/阿拉伯胶的质量比为4∶1，进风温度180℃，出风温度115℃，芯材/壁材的质量比为1∶1，壁材占乳化液比例30%，包埋率达86.4%。该微胶囊包埋工艺能够较好的解决柞蚕粉存在的腥味重、易氧化等问题，使其具有更广阔的应用前景。     

渠道运行神经网络控制

针对渠道运行的不确定性和非线性，在渠道自动控制系统的观测器回路上并联一个BP神经网络，通过实测水位的学习，修正控制系统数学模型的不准确性；在控制器增益回路上并联一个BP神经网络，补偿控制增益的不精确。与传统的线性二次调节(LQR)最优控制相比，渠道运行控制过渡过程更为平稳，达到稳定的时间缩短，闸门运行的振动和超调大为改善。     

小麦丛矮病(NCMV)寄主范围的研究

 为了探明小麦丛矮病的寄主范围,用带毒灰稻虱(Laodelphax striatella Fallen)接种,然后用无毒灰稻虱若虫回接,同时结合血清学反向炭凝法检测,共计测定29属70种禾谷类作物和杂草。结果有16属53种禾本科植物是本病毒的寄主,其中42种是我们新证实的寄主植物。