优质水稻新品种芽期耐冷性鉴定

对来自不同地区的多个水稻品种进行芽期耐冷性试验,结果表明:15份优质水稻品种发芽期14℃、7 d处理,耐冷性均表现为极弱;14℃、14 d处理,龙稻18、通禾66耐冷性表现为极强,九稻68、吉粳511耐冷性表现为强。在芽期试验中,所有品种芽期耐冷性为强。     

琯溪蜜柚园土壤酸化特征研究

【目的】为了研究蜜柚园土壤的酸化特征,从而为蜜柚园土壤改良提供参考依据。【方法】采集福建省平和县319个蜜柚园的土壤样品和25个蜜柚园土壤剖面表土层(0~20 cm)、亚表土层(20~40 cm)和底土层(40~60 cm)的土壤样品,分析了蜜柚园土壤pH值的分布特征、影响蜜柚园土壤酸化的因素和土壤pH值与盐基饱和度和交换性钙、交换性镁含量间的关系。【结果】平和县319个蜜柚园土壤pH值的变幅为3.26~6.22,其平均值为4.34,有89.97%的果园其土壤pH值低于柑橘生长适宜pH值的下限(pH为5.0),其中pH<4.5的强酸性果园占67.71%。25个蜜柚园剖面土壤pH平均值不同土层的高低顺序是表土层>亚表土层>底土层,与表土层土壤的pH值相比,亚表土层和底土层pH<4.5的土壤占比分别提高了50.00%和35.71%。土壤的酸化提高了土壤交换性氢、交换性铝的含量,相关分析结果表明,土壤pH值与土壤盐基饱和度及交换性钙、交换性镁含量间均呈极显著的正相关,说明酸化会减弱土壤的保肥能力,导致土壤钙、镁元素的缺乏。蜜柚园土壤的酸化程度随蜜柚树种植年限、土壤碱解氮含量及氮肥施用量、土壤有效硫含量的增加而降低。【结论】平和县蜜柚园土壤酸化现象严重,且园土亚表土层和底土层的酸化问题较表土层更为突出,氮肥和硫肥的过量施用是引起土壤酸化的原因。鉴于蜜柚园土壤的酸化特性,文中提出了降低果园氮素和硫素的投入、结合果园深翻改土施用碱性土壤改良剂、增施有机肥等防治蜜柚园土壤酸化的措施。     

8个樱花品种播种育苗技术研究

本文介绍了8个樱花品种的种子从储藏、催芽、播种到苗期管理的试验全过程,总结出一种简便易操作的樱花播种育苗技术,可供生产设施比较简陋的地方借鉴和参考。     

Information extraction and dynamic evaluation of soil salinization with a remote sensing method in a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Monitoring the dynamics of soil salinization is of great importance for agricultural production. This study selected Yucheng County, a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) of China, as the study area and evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of soil salinization. Three methods, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) transformation, tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and optimal band combination (OBC), were used to extract information from an early Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) image from 1984, and their advantages were compared. In addition, OBC was used on a thematic mapper (TM) image from 2009. An iteratively self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used together with prior knowledge of likely classifications to interpret the MSS and TM images for data classification. Finally, a transfer matrix method was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of soil salinization and analyze the driving factors of soil salinization. Compared to PCA transformation and OBC, TC transformation was a more effective method for extracting soil salinization information from the MSS sensor. The results indicate that a soil area of approximately 298 km² was affected by salinity in 1984 in Yucheng County, of which 5.40%, 11.96%, and 12.75% were classified as being subject to slight, moderate, and severe salinization, respectively. In 2009, the saline area was reduced to only 146 km², of which 10.70% and 3.75% were characterized by slight to moderate salinization and no severe salinization, respectively. The saline land decreased at an average rate of 6 km² per year. This decrease was probably a result of lower groundwater depth, increased organic fertilizer or crop straw in soil, changed land use type, and increased vegetation coverage.     

Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme (Global-DEP): Australasian consultation report

Journal of Soils and Sediments -     

广东省农地边际化特征及其影响因素的地理探测

为了明确经济发达地区广东省农地边际化现象及其主要影响因素。本研究采用“单位成本纯收益指标”、“农地利用集约度指标”和“农作物播种面积指标”三大主要指标,对广东省2000—2015年农地边际化特征进行提取。选择影响农地边际化特征的19个因子,利用地理探测器方法对农地边际化现象的核心影响因素进行挖掘。结果表明：2000—2015年广东省共发生3次比较明显的农地边际化现象,分别在2001—2002年、2005—2006年、2010—2013年,且第3次边际化持续时间最长,情况最严重。社会经济发展水平与结构指标和农户家庭资源要素结构变化指标对农地边际化的影响程度较大,其中第三产业产值比重、农村农户固定资产投资、粮食总播种面积对农地边际化现象有较强的解释力,q值分别为0.8067、0.8055、0.7916。任何两因子相互交互作用都能增强对农地边际化现象的解释力。     

AMPK激活剂在绵羊精液冷冻保存中的作用研究

旨在研究AMPK激活剂二甲双胍（metformin，Met）和阿卡地新（acadesine，AICAR）对绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响。本研究首先在冷冻基础稀释液中分别添加不同浓度（0、100、200、300、400、500 μmol·L^-1）的Met和AICAR，冷冻解冻后根据精子活力、运动性能和结构完整性指标筛选出最佳的添加浓度（400 μmol·L^-1 Met、200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR）；然后分别使用不同的冷冻稀释液（对照组：稀释液；Met组：含400 μmol·L^-1 Met的稀释液；AICAR组：含200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR的稀释液）冷冻精液，解冻后检测精子中AMPK蛋白表达、顶体酶活性、代谢指标、线粒体功能以及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明，稀释液中添加400 μmol·L^-1 Met和200 μmol·L^-1AICAR均可显著提高解冻后精子活力、运动性能及精子结构完整性（P<0.05），其中400 μmol·L^-1 Met组精子总活力达43.20%，顶体完整率为91%，质膜完整率为46%。与对照组相比，Met组和AICAR组解冻后精子中AMPK磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.05）；顶体酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）；丙酮酸水平显著下降（P<0.05），乳酸脱氢酶活性、乳酸以及ATP含量均显著升高（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，Met和AICAR组稀释液更有利于维持线粒体膜电位（P<0.05），提高ATP酶（P<0.05）以及抗氧化酶的活性（P<0.05）。添加适当浓度的AMPK激活剂可以提高绵羊精液冷冻保存的效果。     

光对园艺植物花青素生物合成的调控作用

花青素是植物中一类重要的类黄酮化合物,在植物花朵、果实等器官色泽形成和抗氧化过程中起着重要作用。植物组织中花青素的形成依赖于光信号,但是光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机制及信号网络很大程度上还不清晰。本文简述了花青素生物合成及运转过程的研究进展,简要归纳了MYB、bHLH、WDR三类主要因子对花青素合成的转录调控作用,重点阐释光信号（光强、光质、光照时长）对植物花青素合成的调控作用。研究表明,光环境（光强、光质、光照时长）主要通过不同的光受体（UVR8、CRYs、PHOTs、PHYs）影响光信号通路重要因子COP1的泛素化能力和HY5的稳定性,以及其他光信号转录因子如光敏色素互作因子PIFs的稳定性,进而调控花青素的生物合成过程。这些光信号因子一方面直接结合到调控花青素合成的MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子上,转录激活或抑制它们的表达进而调控花青素的合成;另一方面,这些光信号因子通过与MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子蛋白互作,影响它们形成的MBW复合体稳定性,进而调控花青素的合成。此外,这些光信号因子还可以通过不依赖于MBW复合体的通路调控花青素的合成,如HY5通过调控miR858影响花青素的生物合成;另外,一些未知的光响应因子可能以不依赖MBW通路的方式直接或间接地调控花青素合成基因和液泡膜上的运转蛋白,改变液泡酸化,调节花青素的合成。同时,光信号会影响光合电子传递,光合电子传递链中的一些因子也会通过依赖和不依赖MBW的途径影响植物花青素的合成。这些途径如何协调以及哪些信号因子优先受光环境（光强、光质、光照时间）调控?本文为深入研究光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机理提供参考,以探索光调控花青素积累的有效途径及靶标分子,为利用基因工程、代谢工程和光环境调控手段改良园艺植物花青素积累提供理论基础。     

Deep neural network algorithm for estimating maize biomass based on simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and leaf area index

Accurate estimation of biomass is necessary for evaluating crop growth and predicting crop yield.Biomass is also a key trait in increasing grain yield by crop breeding.The aims of this study were(i)to identify the best vegetation indices for estimating maize biomass,(ii)to investigate the relationship between biomass and leaf area index(LAI)at several growth stages,and(iii)to evaluate a biomass model using measured vegetation indices or simulated vegetation indices of Sentinel 2A and LAI using a deep neural network(DNN)algorithm.The results showed that biomass was associated with all vegetation indices.The three-band water index(TBWI)was the best vegetation index for estimating biomass and the corresponding R2,RMSE,and RRMSE were 0.76,2.84 t ha−1,and 38.22%respectively.LAI was highly correlated with biomass(R2=0.89,RMSE=2.27 t ha−1,and RRMSE=30.55%).Estimated biomass based on 15 hyperspectral vegetation indices was in a high agreement with measured biomass using the DNN algorithm(R2=0.83,RMSE=1.96 t ha−1,and RRMSE=26.43%).Biomass estimation accuracy was further increased when LAI was combined with the 15 vegetation indices(R2=0.91,RMSE=1.49 t ha−1,and RRMSE=20.05%).Relationships between the hyperspectral vegetation indices and biomass differed from relationships between simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and biomass.Biomass estimation from the hyperspectral vegetation indices was more accurate than that from the simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices(R2=0.87,RMSE=1.84 t ha−1,and RRMSE=24.76%).The DNN algorithm was effective in improving the estimation accuracy of biomass.It provides a guideline for estimating biomass of maize using remote sensing technology and the DNN algorithm in this region.