The IMPDH inhibitors,ribavirin and mycophenolic acid,inhibit peste des petits ruminants virus infection

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes highly contagious diseases in domestic and particular wild small ruminants, leading to substantial economic loss. The development of effective and cheap antiviral medications shall help to circumvent this emerging burden. In this study, we found that ribavirin, a competitive inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor, significantly inhibits the replication of PPRV. As IMPDH is a key enzyme in purine nucleotide synthesis, supplementation of exogenous guanosine attenuate the anti-PPRV effect of ribavirin. Interestingly, an uncompetitive IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolic acid (MPA), exerted more potent antiviral effect again PPRV. Similarly, this effect was largely restored upon supplementation of guanosine. Thus, we have demonstrated that the IMPDH inhibitors ribavirin and MPA combat PPRV infection through purine nucleotide depletion. Because both regimens have been widely used in the clinic for treating viral infection or organ rejection in transplantation patients for decades, respectively, repurposing these existing safe and cheap medications may provide a new avenue for combating PPRV infection.     

Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene

The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB₁₂, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor.     

紫花苜蓿9个盐响应相关基因表达模式

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是世界上种植面积最大、应用最广泛的豆科牧草。由于其耐盐性中等,其在我国北方地区的产量和种植受到土壤盐渍化的限制。因此提高紫花苜蓿的耐盐性具有重要的科学和生产意义。为此,以龙牧801紫花苜蓿(M.sativa‘Longmu 801’)为试验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下9个盐胁迫蛋白质组筛选出的盐响应相关基因的表达模式。结果显示,处理时间和处理浓度对9个基因的相对表达量均有显著性影响,表明这9个基因均在紫花苜蓿盐胁迫应答中发挥着一定作用。处理1h时,G6PI、ABP19a、Trx-h1、PR bet 1、FBPA、6PGDH和ALDH这7个基因的相对表达量在不同NaCl胁迫浓度处理的紫花苜蓿中均显著上调,RRM和GDPD在NaCl处理2h后开始上调。除G6PI基因,其他8个基因在0.4%NaCl处理下相对表达量显著高于0.2%和0.8%NaCl处理。这些基因参与糖代谢、信号转导和胁迫响应。以上结果表明,紫花苜蓿的耐盐性极其复杂,涉及到多基因的表达和代谢通路的调控。研究结果有助于全面研究并了解紫花苜蓿的盐响应相关基因的表达模式,促进紫花苜蓿耐盐分子育种。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒生长特性研究

以草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)873毒株为试验材料,建立了GCRV荧光定量PCR检测方法;用GCRV873株感染CIK细胞及草鱼,通过对病毒RNA复制水平、子代病毒含量以及细胞病变等情况进行监测,研究其在CIK细胞及草鱼体内的生长特性。在CIK细胞中,GCRV感染后12 h即可检测到子代病毒,36 h时,所有细胞被感染;72 h时,病毒滴度达到最高,为10~(6.75) TCID_(50)/mL。在草鱼的肝、脾、肾中,均能检测到GCRV RNA,其中肾脏中含量最高,其次是肝脏,脾脏中最少。本试验为研究GCRV致病机理及制备细胞灭活疫苗奠定了试验基础。     

一起未经执业兽医注册从事诊疗活动案引发的思考

2017年成都市办理的一起未经兽医执业注册而进行犬只声带切除的行政处罚案件,引发了笔者对动物诊疗机构监督执法中"动物诊疗"范畴界定、动物诊疗许可证申请对象探究、"一事不再罚"原则的适用、"责令停业诊疗活动"与"责令停产停业"区别等问题的思考。本文以法学理论和相关法律规定为基础,对成都市动物诊疗机构执法实践的疑点与难点进行分析,提出执法人员应更准确适用法律法规,并呼吁尽快建立全国执业兽医查询系统的建议。     

信号肽对溶血素在大肠杆菌中跨膜转运的影响

信号肽在引导外源蛋白的跨膜转运过程中具有重要作用。本试验通过PCR方法获得带有信号肽序列和不带有信号肽序列的溶血素基因,构建表达载体在大肠杆菌中进行诱导表达。经过溶血试验和免疫印迹试验证明缺失了信号肽的重组溶血素不能被跨膜转运至细胞外;带有信号肽的重组溶血素能够跨膜转运大肠杆菌细胞外。本试验为猪链球菌2型基因缺失弱毒疫苗的研究、细菌信号肽以及基因工程重组蛋白的可溶性表达进行了有益探索。     

如何做好重大动物疫病防控消毒药品的政府采购

本文指出了政府在消毒药品采购中存在高素质专业人才匮乏,采购方评标标准不一,低价中标忽视质量,不同品牌消毒剂功效差异大,国家标准有待完善等问题,建议政府采购以质量为先,尽快出台消毒药品采购指南,加强采购人员专业素质培养等。此外,政府采购的消毒药品应选择高效速效、安全低毒、无三致、使用成本低、适用大环境使用的药品,这有助于重大动物疫病防控工作的开展。     

南方地区高水分玉米安全度夏技术探讨

根据水分的高低,对新收购的高水分玉米分别储存在露天囤和高大平房仓中,将露天囤里的玉米通风降水后转入高大平房仓储存,再对玉米通风降温,并采取仓房密封、悬挂防晒网、空调控温等配套措施控制粮温,期间采取磷化铝多次补药熏蒸杀灭粮堆内害虫及霉菌,使玉米安全度夏。     

射流泵装置性能预测方法

提出了一种射流泵装置性能预测方法,并进行了试验验证.以射流泵试验所得射流泵的流量比与压力比曲线,以及离心泵的流量扬程曲线作为预测初始条件,通过射流泵装置2种吸上高度4.5和9.0 m的性能试验,比较各流量比时装置工况点试验值与预测值精度,发现数值解法整体误差较小,能更好地反映射流泵扬程随流量比变化的情况,但与试验值相比仍存在误差且个别工况点误差较大,需进一步修正.引入预测值与试验值的比值作为修正系数,通过Plackett-Burman试验设计,从吸上高度、面积比、喷嘴直径、流量比、喉嘴距、喉管长径比、泵转速等因子中筛选出对射流泵扬程影响效应显著的面积比及流量比作为修正公式的关键参数,利用遗传算法和公式自动搜索拟合,得到射流泵扬程的计算公式,且相关系数超过0.99.通过射流泵装置在吸上高度为3.5和8.0 m的试验结果比较,表明具有较高的可信度.     

绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对马铃薯土壤环境及产量的影响

为测定膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯全生育期内不同调亏水平土壤养分、土壤水热动态、生长动态、产量效应和水分利用效率,于2016年在河西荒漠绿洲灌区民乐县益民灌溉试验站开展了马铃薯不同生育阶段水分调亏灌溉的试验研究,结果表明,马铃薯膜下滴灌调亏土壤水热变化均匀且利用率高,有利于马铃薯对土壤养分的充分吸收和利用;土壤养分是土壤肥力的核心,是植物在生长发育过程中不可或缺的重要因素,膜下滴灌调亏栽培能有效减少土壤速效养分的流失,并提高马铃薯对土壤速效养分的利用效率;不同生育阶段马铃薯耗水量受水分调亏程度影响较大,其耗水量随调亏程度增大而显著减少(P0.05),水分调亏处理马铃薯全生育期总耗水量均低于全生育期充分灌水CK处理。块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺马铃薯水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率、生物量均达到最大,较全生育期充分灌水显著提高29.04%,35.61%。因此,块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺灌溉方式能使马铃薯根区土壤始终保持湿润状态,有效减少渗漏损失和植株间无效蒸发损失,改善土壤水、肥和热量状况,有利于提高作物水分利用效率,且不显著降低马铃薯最终产量。