毒害艾美耳球虫二次感染对雏鸡免疫器官IL-2诱生活性及淋巴细胞增殖功能的影响

应用细胞培养技术结合MTT检测法,通过白细胞介素-2(IL-2)诱生活性和T、B淋巴细胞对ConA或PMA增殖能力的检测,研究雏鸡二次攻击性感染毒害艾美耳球虫后,其胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊上述被检指标的动态变化.结果发现,雏鸡二次攻击性感染毒害艾美耳球虫后,其胸腺、脾脏T淋巴细胞IL-2诱生活性在感染后4～7 d较对照和一次感染雏鸡显著降低,7d后迅速回升,且幅度较大.T、B淋巴细胞对ConA或PMA的增殖功能在二次感染后的早期下降,随后也迅速回升.     

Survey of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China

A survey of the prevalence rate, pathogenic subspecies, and risk factors of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China, was conducted. Milk samples from 412 cows with chronic mastitis were collected and cultured on 8 % sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol. Counting of the morphologically distinct colonies was performed, as well as the isolation and identification of organisms through phenotypical and physiological criteria. Four hundred seventy-eight aerobic microorganisms were isolated. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi 35.6 % (170/478) and bacteria 64.4 % (308/478) were isolated. The fungal isolates were identified as Candida (79.4 %), Trichosporon (5.9 %), Aspergillus (7.1 %), Cryptococcus (2.4 %), and Rhodotorula (4.1 %). More than ten species of yeast were isolated including Candida krusei 50/135 (37 %), Candida rugosa 16/135 (11.9 %), and Candida lusitaniae 15/135 (11.1 %). A higher positivity (18.5 and 56.3 %) (P ≤0.05) was observed in cows from environmental temperatures of 0–15 and 15–35 °C than those at <0 °C and in cows affected by the disease for >45 and 30–45 days compared with cows suffering 10–30 days. Meanwhile, a statistically significant difference (44.9 vs. 31.4 %) (P ≤0.05) was observed under extensive raising systems vs. intensive raising systems. It appears that Candida is a major pathogen of mycotic mastitis of dairy cows. Extensive raising system, high environmental temperature (15–35 °C), and the duration of the disease (>30 days) were important risk factors of the incidence of mycotic mastitis. Here, we provide a theoretical foundation for research into preventing and treating mycotic mastitis of dairy cows in China.     

意蜂蜂王封盖子发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文在29℃、31℃、33℃、35℃和37℃,相对湿度40%～60%下,对意大利蜜蜂蜂王封盖子的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究。实验结果显示:①蜂王封盖子的发育期随温度的升高而缩短;②发育起点温度为22.05℃,有效积温为2367.324h℃;③蜂王封盖子的发育期(h)的预测式为N=2367.324/(T-22.05)。     

宁夏动物卫生监督执法工作情况调研报告

为解决基层动物卫生监督执法滞后,基础设施薄弱等问题,全面客观地掌握我区动物卫生监督管理工作现状,笔者对全区动物卫生监督机构情况、畜禽定点屠宰情况、动物及动物产品交易市场情况、动物防疫条件审核发证情况、肉类经营、加工和仓储情况、肉类消费场所检疫监督情况、动物产品（非肉类）加工企业的检疫监督情况、规模饲养场、养殖小区（户）动物卫生监督执法情况等进行了调研,现将调查情况报告如下。     

北方农牧交错区土地利用覆盖变化对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响

在北方农牧交错区东段科尔沁沙地选择草地、沙地、农田和林地4种土地利用覆盖类型,采用手拣法调查不同类型样地大型土壤动物群落特征,分析土地利用覆盖变化对大型土壤动物群落的作用及其影响因素.结果表明:4种土地类型生境共获得10目27科43个类群,其中拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)、鳃金龟科(Melolonthidae)幼虫和蚁科(Formicidae)为优势类群,个体数占总个体数的41.79％.草地开垦为农田或过度放牧沙化后土壤容重增加且碱性增强,土壤养分损失,而流动沙地种植人工灌木林后可在一定程度上降低土壤容重并增加土壤水分,增强生境的异质性.草地沙化后直接影响优势类群鳃金龟科幼虫和蚁科的个体数分布,显著降低了大型土壤动物多样性;大型土壤动物个体数、类群数和Shannon指数在沙地生境显著低于草地生境;流动沙地人工种植灌木林后可增加拟步甲科个体数的分布并提高大型土壤动物群落的多样性;但草地开垦为农田对大型土壤动物多样性的影响相对较低.因此,对草地进行围栏封育、防治土壤沙化以及流动沙地人工种植灌木林等退耕还林还草措施均可改善土壤环境,保护和维持大型土壤动物多样性,有利于农牧交错区生态系统的有效恢复和保护.     

基于GIS的森林火灾扑救指挥辅助决策系统的建立及应用研究

针对山地森林火灾预防难、扑救难、易伤亡的特点,在对森林防火业务进行需求分析的基础上,以GIS为核心,建立森林防火基础地理数据库,综合应用空间信息技术、网络通讯技术、硬件开发技术及林火理论对其进行研发,建立了森林火灾扑救指挥辅助决策系统。系统实现了GPS人员动态跟踪及火情采集、林火热点管理、林火蔓延模拟、灭火扑救辅助决策、森林火灾发展态势发布、三维火环境场景浏览等多个功能。系统以.net技术、SQL Server数据库技术、Skyline三维可视化技术、ArcGIS Engine开发组件为基础,结合GPS芯片、通讯网络及智能手机进行集成开发。系统建立示范以来,在日常林火管理中能及时发现潜在森林火灾、开展计算机辅助决策与处置,实现森林防火计算机信息化,从而提高林火管理水平,取得良好的防灾、减灾效果。     

Assessment and validation of CLIGEN-simulated rainfall data for Northern Taiwan

By using CLIGEN and long-term meteorological data, consecutive daily rainfall data can be simulated. At present, the applicability of CLIGEN to regions other than the United States remains to be tested. In this study, CLIGEN was first applied in a subtropical monsoon climate region. Rainfall data from 1961 to 1990 at three weather stations in northern Taiwan were collected, and rainfall parameters and patterns were validated. The results showed no significant difference in the mean and distribution patterns between observed and simulated values for rainfall parameters including precipitation for each month, wet days for each month, precipitation on wet days for each month and standard deviation of daily precipitation for each month. Regarding rainfall pattern, after re-calibration of storm pattern coefficients, the accuracy of the simulated storm duration was greatly enhanced. However, the simulated daily maximum 5- and 30-min peak intensities were overestimated, and there is room for improvement.