热应激状态下阿司匹林对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

在热应激条件下,研究了不同水平阿司匹林对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响,并探讨了其作用机制.结果表明:蛋鸡日粮中添加500和1 000 mg/kg阿司匹林分别能显著提高产蛋率6.60%(P<0.05)和7.46%(P<0.05),降低料蛋比6.22%(P<0.05)和7.05%(P<0.05);500、1 000和1 500 mg/kg阿司匹林均能提高蛋壳厚度(P<0.05)和蛋壳相对重(P<0.05),并降低破蛋率和异常蛋的百分率(P<0.01).研究发现,适量阿司匹林可以提高血清中总蛋白(P<0.05)和白蛋白含量(P<0.05),降低尿酸含量(P<0.05);并提高碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)、血清钙(P<0.05)和磷(P<0.05)的水平.阿司匹林还具有提高促卵泡生成素(FSH)(P<0.01),降低三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)(P<0.05),提高甲状旁腺素和前列腺素(P<0.05)的作用.上述结果提示:在热应激条件下,阿司匹林通过影响神经内分泌活动,可以促进蛋白质和钙、磷的代谢,提高蛋鸡产蛋率和改进蛋壳品质.     

杨正望教授治疗PCOS性不孕验案举隅

多囊卵巢综合征（Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）是目前青春期、育龄期女性最常见的内分泌及代谢性疾病之一。由于排卵功能障碍使PCOS患者受孕率降低,且流产率增高,PCOS成为生育期妇女不孕的重要原因。杨正望教授对PCOS性不孕的病因病机及其中西医治疗均有其独到的见解,认为本病基本病机为“肾、脾、肝三脏功能失调为本,痰湿、瘀血形成为标”,数种病因病机常相互错杂,同时并存,导致多种症状同时出现,治疗上三因制宜,擅长运用中药、西药、针灸、耳穴压豆等多种方法综合治疗,临床疗效显著。     

Platelet function in dogs: breed differences and effect of acetylsalicylic acid administration

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies investigating platelet function in dogs have had conflicting results that may be caused by normal physiologic variation in platelet response to agonists. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate platelet function in clinically healthy dogs of 4 different breeds by whole-blood aggregometry and with a point-of-care platelet function analyzer (PFA-100), and to evaluate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) administration on the results from both methods. METHODS: Forty-five clinically healthy dogs (12 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels [CKCS], 12 Cairn Terriers, 10 Boxers, and 11 Labrador Retrievers) were included in the study. Platelet function was assessed by whole-blood aggregation with ADP (1, 5, 10, and 20 microM) as agonist and by PFA-100 using collagen and epinephrine (Col + Epi) and Col + ADP as agonists. Plasma thromboxane B(2) concentration was determined by an enzyme immunoassay. To investigate the effect of ASA, 10 dogs were dosed daily (75 or 250 mg ASA orally) for 4 consecutive days. RESULTS: A higher platelet aggregation response was found in CKCS compared to the other breeds. Longer PFA-100 closure time (Col + Epi) was found in Cairn Terriers compared to Boxers. Plasma thromboxane B(2) concentration was not statistically different between groups. Administration of ASA prolonged the PFA-100 closure times, using Col + Epi (but not Col + ADP) as agonists. Furthermore, ASA resulted in a decrease in whole-blood platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet function is influenced by breed, depending upon the methodology applied. However, the importance of these breed differences remains to be investigated. The PFA-100 method with Col + Epi as agonists, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation appear to be sensitive to ASA in dogs.     

阿司匹林丁香酚酯对大鼠的急性毒性研究

试验旨在评价阿司匹林丁香酚酯（aspirin eugenol ester,AEE）对大鼠的急性毒性,了解AEE毒性特点及可能的毒性靶器官,并全面地分析大鼠的致死原因。试验按照改良寇氏法进行,预试验选取50只大鼠,雌雄各半,分为5组,测定绝对致死量（LD₁₀₀）和最大非致死量（LD₀）。根据预试验结果,将80只健康大鼠,雌雄各半,随机平均分为7个药物组（剂量分别为2.62、3.25、4.03、5.00、6.20、7.69和9.53 g/kg）和1个对照组（给予0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）进行正式试验。灌胃给药,观察并记录大鼠给药后的临床症状及体重变化。给药14 d后,统计各剂量组大鼠的死亡时间及总死亡数,并计算AEE的半数致死量（LD₅₀）及其95%可信限。同时对死亡大鼠及时进行剖检,将具有病变的组织用10%的甲醛溶液固定,以进行病理学分析。结果显示,AEE对大鼠口服的LD₅₀是5.95 g/kg,且LD₅₀的95%可信限为5.30~6.68 g/kg。对大鼠的死亡时间进行分析可得出,当口服AEE的剂量大于4.03 g/kg时,其死亡时间主要集中在染毒后的48~96 h内。大鼠染毒后3 d内,体重呈下降趋势,常规饲养第5天开始,大鼠体重可逐渐恢复。病理学检查分析发现,AEE的剂量在5.00 g/kg以上时,对大鼠的肝脏、肾脏和胃肠道有明显损伤。根据外源化学物急性毒性分级（WHO）可知,AEE为实际无毒化合物,AEE对大鼠毒性靶器官主要是肝脏、肾脏和胃肠道。     

Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on soft rot produced byErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora in potato tubers under greenhouse conditions

Summary The efficiency of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in inducing localised acquired resistance against infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora was evaluated by treating potato tubers with ASA at three concentrations. Three days after treatments, tubers were inoculated withE. carotovora subsp.carotovora by wound inoculation or by irrigation with a bacterial suspension. Experiments were performed for two consecutive years. Statistical analysis revealed that treatment of tubers by immersion in ASA solutions at low concentrations induced a significant reduction in the soft rot incidence. Wounding of the tubers was the most effective inoculation method and ASA at concentration of 0.0125% (w/v), pH 7 was more efficient than at 0.025 or 0.05%. No phytotoxicity of such treatment was observed.     

阿司匹林诱导大鼠肠道损伤模型的构建

本试验旨在建立阿司匹林诱导的大鼠肠道损伤模型。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用6周龄SD大鼠18只,经过7 d的适应性饲养后随机分为3个组,每组6只,单笼饲喂。模型1组和模型2组阿司匹林的灌胃剂量分别为50和200 mg/kg,空白对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,持续灌胃14 d。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,灌服50 mg/kg阿司匹林显著降低了大鼠的体增重、血清白细胞介素-2(IL⁃2)含量、肠道黏膜分泌性免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量、肠道绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),但对肝脏指数、脾脏指数和血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性没有显著影响(P>0.05);灌服200 mg/kg阿司匹林显著降低了大鼠的体增重、肝脏指数、血清IL⁃2含量与LZM活性、肠道黏膜sIgA含量、肠道绒毛高度和隐窝深度及二者的比值(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,采用200 mg/kg剂量的阿司匹林连续灌胃14 d可以成功建立大鼠的肠道损伤模型。     

新型非甾体抗炎药物阿司匹林丁香酚酯的研究进展

作为一种新型非甾体抗炎药,阿司匹林丁香酚酯已被证实具有抗炎、镇痛、抗血管内皮氧化、抗血栓、抗动脉粥样硬化、解热等药理活性。相比前药不仅具有低毒、作用时间长、安全范围广等特性,而且克服了前药的不良药物性质。本文将就AEE目前已经研究的毒理学、药物代谢、药代动力学,及其抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血栓、抗血管内皮细胞氧化等药理学研究进展进行综述。