Design,construction and erection of seawater intake system to establish a biofouling test facility

Large amount of seawater is used in coastal industries, like power generating plants, desalination plants and aquatic culture farms. A similar requirement exists in Department of Atomic Energy campus at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. Seawater in large quantities is required for its nuclear power stations and desalination plants erected on the east coast of Bay of Bengal situated in southern part of India. Such seawater systems have biofouling problems. Hence a seawater intake system has been designed, constructed and erected so that virgin seawater will be available for biofouling studies that was proposed to be carried in a once through flow test facility. A major criterion for the test facility was that continuous supply of seawater should be available at the rate of 160 m³/h. To meet this requirement, centrifugal pumps were installed at about 150 m away from the shoreline and connected to an intake structure using 600 m long, 355 mm OD, high density polyethylene pipeline laid on the seabed. Details of site selection, options of construction methods, materials selection, pressure drop calculations, sizing of pipes and anchor blocks, stability of intake pipeline, deployment criteria and project cost and planning have been discussed in this paper.     

海水工厂化养鱼水处理系统工程的研究——工艺流程、综合气浮、接触氧化池

对海水工厂化养殖牙鲆、大菱鲆的循环水处理系统工程进行了研究，对循环水系统各环节的设备性能及水质指标进行了测试和研究，确定了工艺流程及系统设施设备，对水处理系统各单元分别进行了设计计算。为我国海水工厂化养殖走向产业化打下了良好的基础。     

Seawater causes rapid trace metal mobilisation in coastal lowland acid sulfate soils: Implications of sea level rise for water quality

Coastal floodplains are highly vulnerable to inundation with saline water and the likelihood of inundation will increase with sea level rise. Sediment samples from floodplains containing coastal lowland acid sulfate soils (CLASS) in eastern Australia were subjected to increasing seawater concentration to examine the probable effects of sea level rise on acidity and metal desorption. Ten soils were mixed with synthetic seawater concentrations varying from 0% to 100% at a solid:solution ratio of 1:10 for 4 h. There was a slight decrease in pH (≈ 0.5 units) with increasing seawater concentration following treatment, yet, calculated acidity increased significantly. In most soil treatments, Al was the dominant component of the calculated acidity pool. Al dominated the exchange complex in the CLASS and, correspondingly, was the major metal ion desorbed. In general, concentrations of soluble and exchangeable Al, Fe²⁺, Ni, Mn and Zn in all soil extracts increased with increasing salinity. Increasing trace metal concentrations with increasing seawater concentration is attributed to the combined effects of exchange processes and acidity. The increasing ionic strength of the seawater treatments displaces trace metals and protons adsorbed on sediments, causing an initial decrease in pH. Hydrolysis of desorbed acidic metal cations can further contribute to acidity and increase mobilisation of trace metals. These findings imply that saline inundation of CLASS environments, even by relatively brackish water may cause rapid, shorter-term water quality changes and a pulse release of acidity due to desorption of acidic metal cations.     

半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉对不同品系菊芋产量构成及离子分布的影响

在半干旱海涂以不同品系菊芋（Helianthus tuberosusL．）为材料进行田间试验，研究了海水灌溉对不同品系菊芋产量构成及离子分布的影响。结果表明：（1）南芋2号根和地上部生物量较其他品系大，南芋5号和南芋3号株高在各浓度海水灌溉下均显著高于其他菊芋品系，而茎粗在各处理下变化不一致，在30％海水灌溉下，南芋1号根和地上部物质积累未受到抑制作用，其他各品系菊芋的根和地上部物质积累受到了一定抑制。（2）各菊芋品系块茎产量差异较显著，在30％海水灌溉下，南芋2号产量显著高于其他品系，各菊芋品系块茎单重在各处理下差异也较显著，南芋1号和2号块茎单重最大，各菊芋品系块茎总糖和菊糖含量差异较显著。（3）随海水浓度的增加，各品系菊芋根、茎和叶的C1-和Na^＋含量均增加，但品系间差异较显著，叶片的Na’含量显著低于根和茎的Na’含量。从生物积累量和块茎产量、总糖和菊糖含量及离子分布看，南芋1号和南芋2号较其他品系更适合在半干旱海涂利用适当浓度海水进行灌溉种植。     

The influence of seawater on lipid peroxidation of the muscle tissue wounded by firearm in rabbit limbs

AIM: The influence of the seawater on the lipid peroxidation of the muscle tissue wounded by firearm was studied. METHODS: Both two limbs of rabbits were wounded by the steel ball of 250 mg. The wounded rabbits were divided into two group: One is seawater immersed group (SIG), which was dipped in artificial seawater for 30 min. Another is the single wounded group (SWG), which wasn't dipped in seawater. Then, muscle tissues 0.5 cm (A area), 1.5 cm (B area) and 2.5 cm (C area) from wound edge were cut for biochemical analysis at 3, 6, 12, 24 h of post-wound, respectively. The contents of ATP, MDA and SOD activity of all these tissues were detected, pre-wounded muscle tissues were used as control group. RESULTS: The content of MDA in SIG increased obviously at 3, 6 h, respectively, but it decreased slightly at 12 h and increased again at 24 h. The change in MDA in SWG is similar to that in SIG but more slightly. The changes in both the activity of SOD and the content of ATP in two groups is similar to that of MDA. CONCLUSION: Seawater induced more serious lipid peroxidation in the muscle tissue wounded by firearm.     

海水驯化螺旋藻研究(英文)

[目的]探寻螺旋藻的海水培养方法。[方法]用配制的海水驯化培养液对螺旋藻进行逐级驯化培养,观察螺旋藻的形态学变化并测量其生化指标。[结果]得到了平均长度大于淡水螺旋藻且稳定性良好的藻种,其叶绿素含量基本不变,藻蓝蛋白浓度较淡水培养的螺旋藻增加了62.8%。[结论]该方法可节省资源和成本,为螺旋藻的规模化生产和加工奠定了基础。     

环渤海主要城市近岸海域水质状况综合评价

为客观评价环渤海13个城市近岸海域水质状况,验证雷达图指数、内梅罗指数和主成分指数在渤海近岸海域水质评价中的作用,基于渤海195个监测站位3、5月两次实测水质数据,选取化学需氧量、无机氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐、总磷和石油类物质作为评价因子,对环渤海主要城市近岸海域水质状况进行了综合评价和等级划分。结果显示,渤海近岸海域主要污染物为无机氮和总磷,其次为石油类物质;葫芦岛、秦皇岛、大连和烟台的近岸海域水质状况较好,而位于辽东湾北岸辽河口附近的盘锦、锦州、营口以及位于莱州湾西侧的滨州的近岸海域水质状况较差;3类水质综合指数对海水中盐度和悬浮物浓度敏感性较强,且相互之间及其与水质优良面积比例存在显著相关性,表明所选择的3类水质指数能够真实反映渤海近岸海域水质状况。本研究将为渤海水质评价与综合治理成效评估提供方法上的借鉴。     

海带提取物对海水胁迫下油菜幼苗生长的影响

[目的]探讨海带粗提取物对在海水胁迫下油菜生长的影响。[方法]以油菜种子为试验材料,海带提取液的母液用筛选的50％海水临界液分别稀释200、400、600和800倍处理油菜种子,研究了海带粗提取物对在海水胁迫下油菜种子发芽和成苗及其生物量的影响。[结果]在海水胁迫下,油菜种子的发芽均受到抑制,但10％、20％和25％的海水可提高油菜的成苗率。用海带粗提取物作试验液处理中,以400倍稀释液的处理效果最好,油菜的根长、茎长、根鲜重、茎鲜重、叶鲜重、总鲜重、叶绿素总含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量分别提高11.06％、34.67％、48.47％、25.53％、6.09％、18.52％、22.60％、23.87％、19.14％和23.09％,600倍稀释液对幼苗叶的重量增长最好。[结论]该研究为开展海水种植作物提供了科学依据。     

江苏海水利用的SWOT分析及产业发展战略

在国内外海洋开发的大背景下,海水利用已成为海洋经济新的增长点。采用SWOT分析方法对江苏省发展海水利用所具备的优势、劣势以及所面临的机遇和威胁进行了分析,在此基础上指出江苏省海水利用产业的发展应立足自身特色,以增长型战略为主,重点发展中小型海水淡化和海水直流冷却,培育海水综合利用产业链,注重海水利用设备研发生产基地和特色“海水农业”基地建设。