环渤海主要城市近岸海域水质状况综合评价

为客观评价环渤海13个城市近岸海域水质状况,验证雷达图指数、内梅罗指数和主成分指数在渤海近岸海域水质评价中的作用,基于渤海195个监测站位3、5月两次实测水质数据,选取化学需氧量、无机氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐、总磷和石油类物质作为评价因子,对环渤海主要城市近岸海域水质状况进行了综合评价和等级划分。结果显示,渤海近岸海域主要污染物为无机氮和总磷,其次为石油类物质；葫芦岛、秦皇岛、大连和烟台的近岸海域水质状况较好,而位于辽东湾北岸辽河口附近的盘锦、锦州、营口以及位于莱州湾西侧的滨州的近岸海域水质状况较差；3类水质综合指数对海水中盐度和悬浮物浓度敏感性较强,且相互之间及其与水质优良面积比例存在显著相关性,表明所选择的3类水质指数能够真实反映渤海近岸海域水质状况。本研究将为渤海水质评价与综合治理成效评估提供方法上的借鉴。

Water Quality Assessment of Nearshore Waters of the Primary Urban Areas Around Bohai Sea

In order to clarify the status of seawater quality of the urban near area of Bohai, and verify the effect of Radar chart, Nemerow and principal component indices for marine environmental evaluation, in this study, the radar chart was created as well as Nemerow and principal component indices, based on six seawater quality variables obtained at 195 sampling site in the nearshore are of Bohai during March and May of 2020, including chemical oxygen demand(COD), inorganic nitrogen(TIN), total nitrogen (TN), reactive phosphate (SPR), total phosphorus(TP)and petroleum pollutant. Water quality nearshore of Huludao, Qinhuangdao, Dalian, and Yantai were significantly good, whereas water quality nearshore of Panjin, Jinzhou Yingkou and Binzhou which located in the north of Liaodong Bay area and in the west of Laizhou Bay area were significantly poor. The three seawater quality indices were sensitive to the salinity and suspended matter concentration, and correlated significantly with each other. The regression analysis also showed a close relationship between the ratio of good water quality nearshore area and the three water quality indices above, indicating that the radar chart as well as Nemerow and principal component indices can be used for seawater quality assessment in nearshore area of Bohai reliably and rapidly, and have a good potential for quick comparing water quality at differ urban nearshore areas.