不同全封闭循环海水工厂化养殖设备水处理效果分析

为弄清不同全封闭循环海水工厂化养殖设备对养殖用水的处理效果,对普林和金沟两家公司全封闭循环海水工厂化养殖设备进出水口各项水质指标进行了检测。经分析得出,普林公司循环水设备水处理效果较好,经该系统处理后的海水水质符合渔业用水标准,为循环水技术推广应用的可行性提供了良好示范性的参考。     

松江鲈鱼工厂化养殖试验研究

采用比较试验的方法对松江鲈鱼工厂化养殖模式进行研究。以养殖存活率、质量增加率等为指标,比较海水逐级淡化和纯淡水两种水处理模式与利用瓦片和PVC管两种遮蔽物进行松江鲈鱼养殖的效果,以了解不同水处理方法和不同遮蔽物对松江鲈鱼生长的影响,探索松江鲈鱼工厂化人工养殖的适宜条件。结果显示,不同水处理方法对松江鲈鱼的生长有较大影响,松江鲈鱼的存活率为37%~71%,海水逐级淡化试验组存活率显著高于纯淡水对照组(P0.05);松江鲈鱼的质量增加率为1.83%~6.12%,海水逐级淡化试验组质量增加率显著大于纯淡水对照组(P0.05);而采用不同遮蔽物进行养殖试验,各试验组的松江鲈鱼生长性能没有较大差异。研究表明,海水逐级淡化的水处理养殖模式更适合松江鲈鱼养殖。     

工厂化养殖工程技术与装备

对海水工厂化养殖工程技术与装备等进行了研究.包括循环水处理技术、设施与设备等,对系统各环节的性能及水质指标进行了测试和研究,确定了循环水处理的工艺流程(养鱼池→自动控制微滤机→快速过滤器→蛋白质分离器→生物净化池→水温调节池→紫外线消毒池→高效增氧罐→水质监测→养鱼池)及系统主要设施设备(自动控制微滤机、快速过滤器、蛋白质分离器、紫外线消毒器、臭氧发生器、高效溶氧罐、分子筛制氧机、管道式离心泵等).     

全封闭工厂化循环水微波消毒养殖系统的组成及运行

<正>随着我国海水鱼类养殖的发展和对渔业水域环境保护意识的加强,粗放型的养殖模式将逐渐被低污染、集约化的工厂化封闭式循环水养殖模式所取代。作者围绕封闭式工厂化循环水养殖系统的设备、工艺、管理技术等先后多次进行讨论、调研,走访循环水养殖以及废水处理企业与小型试验相结合,经过多方论证确定了一套封闭式工厂化养殖系统水处理工艺,通过首次引入微波消毒设备,成功建成一套封闭式工厂化循环水微波消     

臭氧水处理在甲鱼工厂化养殖中的应用

水处理技术是甲鱼工厂化养殖过程中的关键技术之一，臭氧水处理是集约化水产养殖系统中较为先进的水处理技术，本文介绍了臭氧水处理的原理，对水质改善的作用机理和臭氧，臭氧水的制作工艺；着重阐述了甲鱼养殖工厂的臭氧水处理结构，臭氧水的作用，以及臭氧水应用在甲鱼工厂化养殖水处理中应注意的问题。     

刺参工厂化海水养殖尾水处理系统构建与应用初探

<正>近年来，在烟台滨海地区以高密度、集约化为特点的刺参工厂化海水养殖模式发展迅速，据统计，2021年烟台市刺参养殖面积58.9万亩，年产值达到60.6亿元。刺参工厂化海水养殖过程中普遍存在尾水直排入海、排放量大以及尾水中悬浮物、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷等特征指标较高的问题，对排放区域周边海洋环境构成较大压力。目前，国内对刺参工厂化海水养殖尾水处理缺少技术研发和成熟案例，本文依托烟台某刺参工厂化海水养殖基地，研究构建适合的尾水处理系统并实施应用，有效提高了尾水质量，     

高密度循环海水养殖系统CO2的积累和去除效果分析

研究了中国海洋大学通用海水素厂的高密度闭路循环海水养殖真鲷(Pagrosomus major)体系CO2的积累规律及水处理各环节溶氧、CO2分压、pH、碱度、磷酸盐的变化规律，估算了水处理各环节对CO2的去除效果和换水频率，探讨了高密度循环海水养殖真鲷在高pCO2、高ALK条件下仍然具有较好养殖效果的原因。     

天津市池塘与工厂化海水养殖区监测与评价

2013年天津市水产技术推广站对天津市池塘和工厂化海水养殖区进行了全面系统的监测。据此,研究分析不同养殖模式水域生态环境的联系及差异,及对天津海水养殖环境质量造成不利影响的因素,为天津海水养殖环境监管、环境影响评价、环境变化预测等领域提供基础数据和研究参考。     

对虾工厂化养殖的系统结构

对虾工厂化养殖是在人工控制条件下,利用有限水体进行对虾高密度养殖的一种生产方式,它依托一定的养殖工程和水处理设施作为技术支撑,融合无公害生产的管理模式,是一种高效的环境友好型养殖。文章就构建对虾工厂化养殖平台中的各系统环节及该种生产模式的概况作系统综述。     

高密度循环海水养殖系统设计

<正>大黄鱼是我国重要的海水经济鱼品种，目前大黄鱼主要养殖方式为传统的浮式框架网箱养殖，养殖产量占全国大黄鱼总产量的90%左右。传统的养殖模式受环境因素影响较大，不利于管理，且产量较低。本文通过建立高密度循环海水养殖系统作为试验平台，配备循环海水处理设备，以及尾水处理、照明、视频监控、水质监测等设备，以探讨集约化养殖条件下的系统方案，为开发适用于海水鱼养殖的工业化养殖模式提供借鉴。     

海水循环式养殖系统NH3—N,NO2—N转化及其水质管理

对海水循环式养殖系统NH_3－N、NO_2－N转化的研究表明,NO_2－N的降解转化是水质净化的关键因素。本文还讨论了生物负载、投饵、通气等管理行为对氯化合物转化的影响。     

海水贝类苗种循环水培育水处理技术的研究与应用

封闭循环水育苗作为一种高技术育苗模式,其核心是养殖废水的净化处理。对于循环水系统的每一道处理工序,都有大量可选择的工艺。本试验利用自建的100 m3的海湾扇贝苗种封闭循环水培育系统,通过用各个阶段的出水养殖扇贝幼体,以及测定出水指标等来判断水处理系统的处理效果。结果表明,封闭循环水处理系统的效果是成功的。     

基于循环水孵化系统的俄罗斯鲟受精卵孵化性能研究

目前,绝大多数海淡水增养殖鱼类的苗种繁育几乎完全是人工繁殖,但对受精卵的孵化方式的研究较少,尤其循环水孵化方面。为探索封闭循环水孵化系统对鲟鱼(Acipenseriformes)受精卵孵化性能的影响,本文通过对俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)受精卵孵化率、孵化酶组成和含量以及孵化过程中水体氨氮浓度变化规律进行研究。结果显示,封闭循环水孵化系统中总氨氮浓度随孵化时间呈线性增长,受精卵的排氨率为60~90 mg/(g·h),破膜6 h后孵化率为86%,孵化水体中孵化酶累积较严重。俄罗斯鲟的孵化酶主要由分子量为41.3 k Da的蛋白质组成,受精卵的孵化液由23种蛋白质组成,其中包括7种水解酶。研究表明,对氨氮的去除及孵化酶控制技术是循化水孵化系统急需攻克的首要问题。     

采用循环水工艺高密度养殖南美白对虾的研究

2002年7--10月在福建省惠安县开展了采用循环水工艺实施南美白对虾高密度养殖实验，经约90d养殖实验，获得平均产量1．62kg/m^2的收成。结果表明：所设计的循环水道具有实施养殖水沉淀、水质强化处理、隔离进水源病害传染等功能。养殖水体用活菌生物净水剂处理．清除对虾高密度养殖水体中的有机污物，保持水体生态平衡。养殖池水环境有效抑制水中的氮氮含量和异养细菌数。     

Sources of Vibrio bacteria in mollusc hatcheries and control methods: a case study

Results of a 1‐year intensive monitoring of Vibrio bacteria, as thiosulphate citrate billar salt sucrose (TCBS) counts, in a hatchery for molluscs, are presented. Surface seawater, well seawater, tap water from a freshwater well, microalgae system, including pasteurized well seawater, f/2 medium, starter cultures of eight micro algal species, mass‐produced microalgae and compressed air were studied as possible sources of Vibrio. Additionally, recently collected broodstock of the catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus (Sowerby II 1842) was also subjected for investigation for their possible role in discharging Vibrio during spawning. Efficiency of a cartridge–ultraviolet (UV)‐filtration system and of a steam gun employed for sterilizing tanks, hoses and utensils was also determined. Results indicated that Vibrio were present in surface seawater throughout the year. In well seawater these bacteria were only found during the first 5 months soon after construction of the well and before commencement of continuous operations, but not after this period. Vibrio was never detected in pasteurized well seawater, f/2 medium, starter cultures of microalgae and compressed air. However, mass‐produced microalgae contained Vibrio, possibly as a result of the use of contaminated tap water for washing and rinsing the fibreglass culture tanks. Scallop broodstock was found to be an important source of Vibrio in the hatchery. Biopsy on female gonads of live organisms demonstrated higher numbers of colony‐forming units than male gonads. At spawning, Vibrio was released into water, producing bacterial blooms in tanks after 24 h. The cartridge–UV‐filteration system was not sufficient to eliminate the bacteria from seawater, but the steam gun proved to be a good tool to eliminate Vibrio biofilms on tank walls or tools used in the hatchery. Some recommendations are given, which could be useful for other mollusc hatcheries.     

Detection and quantification of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real‐time PCR

Furunculosis, a septicaemic infection caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, currently causes problems in Danish seawater rainbow trout production. Detection has mainly been achieved by bacterial culture, but more rapid and sensitive methods are needed. A previously developed real‐time PCR assay targeting the plasmid encoded aopP gene of A. salmonicida was, in parallel with culturing, used for the examination of five organs of 40 fish from Danish freshwater and seawater farms. Real‐time PCR showed overall a higher frequency of positives than culturing (65% of positive fish by real‐time PCR compared to 30% by a culture approach). Also, no real‐time PCR‐negative samples were found positive by culturing. A. salmonicida was detected by real‐time PCR, though not by culturing, in freshwater fish showing no signs of furunculosis, indicating possible presence of carrier fish. In seawater fish examined after an outbreak and antibiotics treatment, real‐time PCR showed the presence of the bacterium in all examined organs (1–482 genomic units mg^?1). With a limit of detection of 40 target copies (1–2 genomic units) per reaction, a high reproducibility and an excellent efficiency, the present real‐time PCR assay provides a sensitive tool for the detection of A. salmonicida.     

海水网箱养殖花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌的多样性

利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析了网箱养殖花鲈（）肠道细菌组成，同时分析了配合饲料和网箱中海水的细菌组成，以确定鱼类肠道细菌与环境之间的关系。花鲈投喂冰鲜鱼，日本黄姑鱼投喂配合饲料。从花鲈和日本黄姑鱼前肠、中肠、后肠、配合饲料和网箱内海水中共鉴定出886个细菌OTU（operational taxonomic unit），分别隶属8个门、40个属，其中从花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道中鉴定出的550个细菌OTUs分别隶属5个门、15个属。在门的水平上，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）在两种鱼类肠道中均占优势；在属的水平上，梭菌属（）在日本黄姑鱼肠道中占优势。花鲈与日本黄姑鱼之间肠道细菌的相似性高于日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌与配合饲料中细菌的相似性，也高于花鲈或日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌与其养殖网箱内海水中细菌的相似性。日本黄姑鱼肠道与配合饲料中共有的细菌OTU数多于日本黄姑鱼肠道与网箱内海水中共有的细菌OTU数。综上所述得出结论：（1）花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌群落分别独立于其养殖网箱内海水细菌群落，日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌群落独立于其配合饲料中的细菌群落；（2）日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌受配合饲料中细菌的影响大于受网箱内海水中细菌的影响。     

臭氧处理海水对小球藻的生理效应

采用经臭氧处理的海水培养小球藻，分析了小球藻的相对增长速率、叶绿素-a含量，DNA和RNA含量及海水中三氮含量的变化，结果表明：1、一定剂量的臭氧处理可提高小球藻的生长速度和叶绿素的含量，高剂量的处理会抑制小球藻的生长。2、藻细胞中DNA含量对臭氧处理表现的相对稳定，而RNA含量比较敏感，一定剂量的臭氧处理可引起RNA含量增加。3、经臭氧处理的海水，硝态氮（NO3^--N)的含量有所提高，而铵态氮（NH4^ -N)和亚硝态氮（NO2^--N)的含量降低。     

Response and condition of larvae of the scallops Nodipecten subnodosus and Argopecten ventricosus reared at the hatchery with different seawater sources

Larvae of the scallops Nodipecten subnodosus and Argopecten ventricosus were reared at a hatchery under five seawater sources: (1) filtered seawater, as the control group; (2) pasteurized seawater; (3) seawater taken from a well; (4) synthetic seawater, and (5) seawater containing a commercial probiotic (Epicin). The quality of each seawater source was measured in terms of counts of Vibrio pathogenic bacteria, levels of nitrites, nitrates, and ammonium, and content of suspended and organic matter. Overall response of larvae under each treatment was measured in terms of growth, survival, biochemical composition, and recruitment rate of spat. Differences in all these parameters, as a function of the seawater source, were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Larvae survived more, grew faster and larger, had higher protein levels, and recruited more in filtered seawater (in N. subnodosus) and pasteurized seawater (in A. ventricosus), but significant differences between treatments were slight. In A. ventricosus cultures, filtered seawater favored significantly higher Vibrio counts than pasteurized seawater, but this result did not affect the response and condition of larvae. The well seawater treatment ranked third in terms of low bacterial counts, high nitrate levels, larvae showing relatively high survival and growth rates, and spat reaching the settlement stage (only in A. ventricosus). The synthetic seawater and Epicin treatments did not yield satisfactory results for any of the indicators measured. In fact, in the Epicin treatment, larvae survived only the first days of hatchery cultivation and settlement occurred only in A. ventricosus. The results from these first set of trials are useful for planning additional experiments aimed to improve the protocol of seawater use at our research hatchery.