Proteomic analysis of the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α on endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate the affected proteins by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in endothelial cells, and further explore the potential molecular mechanism of TNF-α on endothelial cells. METHODS: Nitric oxide (NO) production in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by a NO assay kit. Proteomic alterations were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS: NO production in HUVECs decreased significantly after TNF-α treatement. Proteomics analysis showed 21 protein spots were changed including 9 spots that were increased and 11 spots that were decreased after TNF-α stimulation, and 1 spot was only detected in TNF-α activated cell gels. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased the expression of ecNOS by TNF-α might result in decreased NO production. Up-regulated MAP/ERK kinase 3 expression might imply that TNF-α activates the expression of adhesion molecules. Cytoskeletal protein actin is also involved in TNF-α injuried HUVECs. Proteomic analysis can find some clues for identifying new potential target of TNF-α.     

Comparative phosphoproteome analysis of cardiomyocytes preconditioned by diazoxide

AIM: To analyze and identify the phosphoproteins associated with diazoxide preconditioning. METHODS: Proteomics technique was used to investigate the changes of phosphoprotein after diazoxide preconditioning. Adult rat ventricular myocytes were pretreated in the presence and absence of 200 μmol/L diazoxide for 10 min. Phosphoproteins prepared and enriched respectively from control and diazoxide pretreated groups were then separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and stained with sliver staining kit. Phosphoproteins of interest were further identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Associated with diazoxide preconditioning, the proteins of chaperonin containing TCP-1 and hypothetical protein XP_346548 were phosphorylated significantly. The proteins of 94 kD glucose-regulated protein, calpactin I heavy chain and ferritin were dephosphorylated markedly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cardiomyocytes undergo significant posttranslational modification via phosphorylation in a multitude of proteins in response to diazoxide preconditioned signaling, which may mediate myocardioprotection signaling downstream mitochondrial staining dish K_ATP channel induced by ischemic preconditioning.     

基因组学与蛋白质组学课程教学实践与体会

从构建完整的教学内容、灵活运用多种教学方法两方面探讨了基因组学与蛋白质学课程的教学改革。教学内容改革包括教材的合理选用、"宽口径、厚基础、重能力"教学内容的改革、教学内容的优化与更新,多种教学方法的运用包括多媒体与板书相结合、案例教学法、录像教学法、启发式教学法、网络教学法。     

Proteomic analysis of human endometrium during the implantation window

AIM: To establish a method for determining the differential expression of proteins in human endometrium during the implantation window and to analyze the correlation between altered expression of the proteins and endometrial receptivity. METHODS: A comparative proteomic strategy in a combination of two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was adopted to search the proteomic alternations in the endometria of pre-receptive pre-receptive [day 2 after luteinizing hormone surge (LH+2 d)] state versus the endometria of receptive (LH+7 d) state. Validation of annexin IV was performed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Approximate 2 555±98 polypeptide spots were revealed by densitometry analysis of the 2D protein maps in LH+2 d and LH+7 d endometrial tissues resolved in the linear range of pH 3~10 on the 2D gel, in which 31 proteins were found to be significantly changed, including 17 proteins up-regulated and 14 proteins down-regulated in LH+7 d samples. These 31 identified proteins were classified into 6 functional categories of the correlation with implantation process: cell migration or assimilation, enzymic activity, signal transduction and gene regulation, immunoregulation, vascularization, and blood clotting or fibrinolysis system. The same expression trend of annexin IV was confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Human endometrium has a differential proteomic repertoire during the window of implantation. The 6 functional categories of differentially expressed proteins in the receptive endometrium indicate that they play an important role in transforming of the endometrium during the receptive state.     

蛋白质组的应用及发展

探讨了蛋白质组的概念、经济价值和社会价值，以及蛋白质组研究技术发展现状揭示蛋白质组研究的重要性。     

Identification of specific serum biomarkers in gastric adenocarcinoma patients

AIM: To screen the possible serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen the serum samples from 109 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 106 control subjects (60 healthy subjects, 30 patients with chronic superficial gastritis and 16 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis). The differentially-expressed protein peaks were selected and isolated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and processed with enzyme before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The data mining was performed with software Xcalibur program component Bioworks 3.2. RESULTS: Three differentially-expressed protein peaks were selected as potential serum biomarkers of gastric adenocarcinoma patients.The m/z peak at 5 906.5 showed the increase (8.53±4.33 in cancer group, and 0.88±0.31 in control group). The m/z peaks at 6 635.7 and 8 716.3 showed the decrease (6.54±2.44 and 0.93 ± 0.29, respectively, in cancer group and 17.56±4.43 and 2.16±0.98, respectively, in control group, P<0.01). The 3 m/z peaks were identified as fibrinogen α-chain, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein CI,respectively. The combined use of the 3 biomarkers distinguished the samples in the cancer patients out of the controls at a sensitivity of 93.85% (61/65) and a specificity of 94.34% (50/53). CONCLUSION: The fibrinogen α-chain, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein CI identified as potential markers for gastric adenocarcinoma show diagnostic values in clinical application.     

外源诱导提高茶树EGCG含量过程的蛋白质组差异分析

通过无公害化学诱导子的诱导可使茶树芽叶的EGCG含量提高20.15%～25.00%。为了探明诱导的分子机制,用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离诱导芽叶与正常芽叶的总蛋白质,结果获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱,差异表达分析发现,诱导出现的特异蛋白有14种,诱导消失的特异蛋白有8种,诱导表达上调相差10倍的特异蛋白有11种,诱导表达下调相差10倍的特异蛋白有6种。选取两个差异蛋白质点进行基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)测定其酶解后的肽质指纹图谱,通过http:/www.matrixscience.com网站,利用Mascot软件检索NCBInr数据库。查询结果:一种为光合系统Ⅰ的铁硫蛋白,另一种为未知蛋白。这些结果表明,茶树诱导芽叶与正常芽叶的蛋白质组存在差异,这些特异蛋白可能在诱导过程中起着重要的作用。     

Susceptibility to Coolness at the Young Microspore Stage under High Nitrogen Supply in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Proteome Analysis of Mature Anthers

Abstract

In vitro pollen germination experiment using agar plates showed that the growth under high nitrogen conditions enhanced the damage to pollen germination ability caused by the cooling at the young microspore stage. To clarify the physiological factors related to this damage to pollen germination, we performed the comparative proteome analysis of mature anthers and identified proteins that were changed by high nitrogen conditions or high nitrogen plus cooling conditions. Proteins were extracted from mature anther samples and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By comparing anther protein maps of the samples collected from the plants grown under standard nitrogen conditions, high nitrogen conditions and high nitrogen plus cooling conditions, we found 11 protein spots, which varied with the treatment. These protein spots were identified based on the rice proteome database and/or peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis after digestion with trypsin. Digested samples were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time flight mass spectrometry to produce PMF data. Database searches using these PMF data revealed the identities of 9 proteins. Seven of these proteins were polypeptides involved in cell elongation, stress responses and sugar metabolism. The relation between the fluctuations of these proteins and the decrease in pollen germination are discussed.     

大豆G位点近等基因系叶片类囊体蛋白质组比较分析

类囊体是光合作用和电子传递关键载体,是叶绿体核心组分,在植物亚细胞器蛋白质组研究中尤为重要。为了探究大豆叶片类囊体的蛋白质组,以1对遗传背景相似度为97.6%的大豆种皮颜色G位点近等基因系（NIL-G和NIL-Y）为材料,利用SDS-PAGE与分级质谱相结合的方法对大豆叶片类囊体蛋白进行分析。结果表明,在NIL-G和NIL-Y中鉴定到的总蛋白分别为2 170种和1 730种,特异蛋白分别为1 140种和700种,总蛋白和特异蛋白数量在NIL-G中均高于NIL-Y。特异蛋白的GO注释及KEGG通路分析表明,尽管这对近等基因系遗传背景相似度很高,但其叶片类囊体蛋白在生物途径、细胞组分和分子功能方面均存在差异。     

橡胶树死皮病黄色体差异表达蛋白的初步分析

橡胶树"死皮病"给橡胶种植业带来严重的危害.为了更好地了解和阐明死皮病发生、发展的分子机制,研究应用双向凝胶电泳技术(two-dimensional gel electrophshiya/oresis,2-DE)比较橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体蛋白质组表达的差异.采用TCA/丙酮沉淀法提取橡胶树死皮株与健康株黄色体蛋白质并采用固相pH梯度(immobjlized pH graalient,IPG)双向凝胶电泳分离两种材料蛋白质,凝胶经银染显色后,用PDQuest图像分析软件进行比较分析、识别差异表达的蛋白质.成功获得橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体的双向凝胶电泳图谱.鉴定出13个蛋白差异点,其中10个上调表达,3个下调表达.并应用质谱技术鉴定了其中部分表达差异的蛋白质点,对渗调蛋白进行功能分析,认为渗调蛋白在死皮株中表现下调的情形可能与死皮病的发生有一定的关系.