水霉属菌(Saprolegnia)分离培养技术研究

 对水霉(Saprolegnia)的分离培养技术进行了探索,筛选出大麻籽、油菜籽、红花籽、苍蝇、蚜虫、小麦粒、玉米片、茶叶、葵花仁9种材料作为诱发水霉菌的诱饵。其中油菜籽能防止腐霉菌(Pythium)污染,是初步纯化菌种、排除杂菌的适宜饵料。同时发现控制温度能使水霉在最短时间内分别产生无性或有性繁殖。在水培条件下,25℃左右适合菌丝及无性器官的发育,有性器官却不能产生,而只有在15~17℃条件下才能使水霉很快进入有性生殖阶段;在加入200mg/L链霉素的CMA培养基上促发有性阶段则需要在25℃左右的温度下进行,方能缩短培养时间。     

Infection pressure of potato virus YN

Potato virus Y^N (PVY^N) infection was determined by the tobacco test in Swifterbant (Eastern Flevoland). In plots with beet, wheat and seed potatoes the infection exhibited an identical course. No differences were found either between PVY^N infection in the border and that in the middle of a field planted with ware potatoes, although infection pressure was clearly higher here than in the plot with seed potatoes. A barrier crop of 10 rows of wheat did not decrease the infection pressure of the virus.From August onwards, the spread of PVY^N in Lienden (Betuwe) was followed. Here virus transmission was found continuously, even until mid-November.Potato volunteers outside as well as in potato fields are serious infection sources. In 1976 and in 1977 virus spread was detected before the flight ofMyzus persicae, as determined with yellow Moericke traps. Infection pressure can be measured more efficiently by the tobacco test than by aphid trapping. The effect of rogueing at the time of virus spread should be reconsidered.If infection pressures in different areas or successive years are to be compared, the tobacco test should be standardized. A proposal to this effect is made.Samenvatting In Swifterbant (Oostelijk Flevoland) werd de infectie met het aardappel-Y^N-virus (PVY^N) bepaald met behulp van de tabakstoests. In percelen met bieten, tarwe en pootaardappelen bleek de infectie hetzelfde verloop te hebben. Tussen het infectieverloop van PVY^N in de rand en in het midden van een veld consumptieaardappelen werd eveneens geen verschil gevonden. Wel was de infectiedruk hier duidelijk hoger dan in het pootgoedperceel. Een barrier crop van 10 rijen tarwe verminderde de infectiedruk niet.De volgende conclusies kunnen worden getrokken. Aardappelopslag buiten en in aardappelvelden vormt een zeer belangrijke infectiebron. Zowel in 1976 als in 1977 vond de virusverspreiding plaats vóór de vlucht vanMyzus persicae begon, zoals deze werd bepaald met behulp van de gele Moericke vangbakken. Het effect van opzuiveren ten tijde van de virusverspreiding dient aan een nader onderzoek te worden onderworpen. De infectiedruk kan met de tabakstoets op meer directe wijze worden vastgesteld dan met bladluisvangsten mogelijk is.Wil men overgaan tot het vergelijken van de infectiedruk in verschillende gebieden of in verschillende jaren, dan dient de tabakstoets te worden gestandaardiseerd. Een voorstel hiertoe wordt gedaan.     

不同饲养密度对鳝苗的生长性能研究

本试验以水蚯蚓作为饵料,研究了60日龄鳝苗不同密度下的增重、存活率及饵料转化率。试验分3个密度组,其对应的密度分别为2000尾/m2、3000尾/m2、4000尾/m2,每个密度组设4个平行;试验时间为30d。结果表明:在本试验条件下,3个密度组鳝苗的增重率、存活率随着密度的增大呈下降趋势,而其饵料系数随着密度增大而增大;其中在4000尾/m2的密度下,鳝苗的增重率最低,仅为1.12±0.13;饵料系数最高,为5.71±1.37。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spongospora subterranea</Emphasis> soil contamination and its relationship to severity of powdery scab on potatoes

We investigated soil contamination by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) and disease severity of powdery scab in 29 potato fields in Hokkaido, Japan, using a hydroponic culture method with tomato seedlings as bait plants. The quantity of Sss infection on the roots of bait plants was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and expressed in terms of the infection potential in the soil. The infection potential was positively correlated with the disease severity of harvested tubers, whereas the spore ball density determined using PCR had an indistinct relationship with disease severity. The infection potential can be useful in evaluating soil contamination and in applying countermeasures against powdery scab.     

利用诱饵树防治桑天牛的研究

湖南省洞庭湖区的欧美杨、黑杨林,从苗期至成林都不同程度地受到桑天牛(Apriona germari)为害,轻则生长受抑,重则死亡,为此,我们根据桑天牛成虫具有补充营养的特性,于1985—1988年在广州军区南湾湖农场,开展了以诱饵树招引诱杀桑天牛成虫的大面积试验工作。一、研究方法及结果 (一)成虫补充营养与产卵量及寿命的关系(见表1)。     

无公害灭鼠剂克鼠星在陕西退耕还林中的应用效果

[目的]探讨无公害灭鼠剂克鼠星对退耕还林地鼠害的防治效果。[方法]于2000～2004年在陕西省吴旗、甘泉、千阳、麟游、永寿和淳化6县,采用无公害灭鼠剂克鼠星对退耕还林地鼠害进行防治推广试验。[结果]在鼠害严重的造林地,造林前用克鼠星防治1次,造林后再用克鼠星防治1次,平均造林成活率达到97.1%,造林后2年平均保存率达到95.3%,分别比对照提高18.4%和28.5%。果树由于立地条件较好,鼠害防治彻底,2年保存率达到97.3%。应用灭鼠剂克鼠星1号进行鼢鼠防治,春季和秋季的防治效果均在89.4%以上,对达乌尔鼠兔的防治率均在84.7%以上。[结论]灭鼠剂克鼠星的研制与应用,杀灭了害鼠,同时保护了天敌,在农林牧业鼠害的防治方面,具有广阔的应用前景。     

白蚁诱饵的研究现状与前景展望

综述了国内外白蚁诱饵的研究现状,提出了研究中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

17种中草药对斑马鱼诱食效果的研究(英文)

[目的]探讨17种中草药对斑马鱼的诱食效果。[方法]以100尾平均体长为3.5cm的斑马鱼为试验动物,选用肉桂、薄荷、丁香、黄连、黄柏、黄岑、八角、山萘、乌梅、枝子、诃子肉、苦参、虎杖、黄精、黄芪、连翘、酸枣红作为诱食剂进行3组诱食试验,分析不同中草药对斑马鱼的诱食效果。单方筛选试验:将17种中草药分别以2%的添加量加入到基础饵料中,用迷宫试验记录试验鱼进入诱鱼室和空白室的次数,以及试验鱼咬啄饵料球的次数。梯度试验:从单方试验中选出诱食效果较好的中草药进行梯度试验,浓度为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%,不添加任何中草药作为对照组。两两组合试验:根据单方试验结果进行两两组合试验,中草药添加量各为1.0%。[结果]虎杖、八角、薄荷、黄芪、连翘、肉桂、黄连、酸枣红对斑马鱼的诱食效果显著;4种中草药梯度试验结果得出浓度2.0%虎杖、浓度1.0%薄荷、浓度2.0%八角、浓度3.0%黄芪对斑马鱼的诱食效果最好;两两混合试验中浓度1.0%虎杖和浓度1.0%八角混合物对斑马鱼的诱食效果最好。[结论]斑马鱼的诱食效果与中草药种类和浓度有关。     

A novel control strategy for dry-wood termite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Incisitermes minor</Emphasis> infestation using a bait system

Three types of experiments were designed to evaluate the performance of a bait system intended to control Incisitermes minor (Hagen). In the first type of experiment, Type I, the effectiveness of the bait in a small wood specimen was evaluated. In the second type, Type II, the bait effectiveness was evaluated in a larger wood specimen. Feeding arena lumber with artificial galleries was prepared for the Type III experiment so that the response of the insects to the gel could be observed. In general, the average percentage of termites that died after being exposed to the gel formulation in all three types of experiment was more than 60%, and in the gel control the average percentage of live termites was more than 95% in Types I and III, and more than 75% in Type II. These results suggest that the gel bait system used in this study has the potential to eliminate I. minor colonies. Further investigation will be necessary to increase the reliability of the bait system as a control measure against dry-wood termites.     

拟南芥At4g05060基因的酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建、表达及自激活检测

为研究At4g05060基因功能,采用PCR扩增拟南芥VAMP(vesicle-associated membrane protein)家族基因At4g05060的ORF序列,定向克隆至酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体pGBKT7,经酶切鉴定并测序后将其转化至酵母Y187细胞;然后采用Western blotting技术分析At4g05060基因在酵母中的表达水平,通过缺陷型培养基培养进行自激活检测。结果表明,成功构建酵母诱饵表达载体pGBKT7-At4g05060,并在酵母细胞正确表达,表达产物对报告基因无自激活作用。