A lost Sorraia maternal lineage found in the Lusitano horse breed

A common female founder individual of the Portuguese horse breeds Sorraia and Lusitano was found while conducting research on the variation of the Lusitano mitochondrial DNA lineages in relation to studbook information. We obtained 416‐bp control region sequences from 16 descendents of a female Sorraia founder (Pomba) still represented in the living population of the Lusitano, according to the most recent edition of this breed's studbook. The same haplotype was found for all analysed samples and belongs to the haplogroup described by several authors as having predominantly Iberian, South American and North African haplotypes bringing new insights on the relationship between the Sorraia and the other Iberian breeds. This work illustrates how weak the boundary of breed establishment can be, especially at the same geographical region. Using the same founders in different breeds is surely one of the explanations to frequently shared haplotypes among recent breeds, resulting in a lack of consistency between mtDNA sequences and breeds and/or geographical regions.     

Mitochondrial phylogeography reveals high haplotype diversity and unique genetic lineage in Indian dugongs (Dugong dugon)

1. India plays a significant role in dugong conservation by having the largest population within South Asia. The status of dugongs in India is largely unknown due to a paucity of reliable ecological data. This study generated mitochondrial control region sequences from ~10% of dugong individuals from existing populations within India. Furthermore, data generated in this study were compared with the global data to assess genetic lineages, population structure, and genetic diversity of Indian populations.
2. Multiple analyses suggest that the Indian dugong populations are part of a single genetic cluster, comprising South Asia, North-west Indian Ocean, and South-west Indian Ocean populations. Despite small population size, they retain high genetic diversity with unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within South Asia. Within India, novel haplotypes are observed from all dugong habitats sampled, with overall high haplotype diversity (0.85 ± 0.04) but low nucleotide diversity (0.005 ± 0.001). Indian populations exhibit genetic differentiation with higher within-population variance (63.41%) than among populations (36.59%). Two of the haplotypes observed in India are shared with Sri Lanka, implying genetic connectivity between these populations.
3. The genetic data from Indian dugong populations provide critical insights into the identification of dugong corridors and important dugong conservation zones in India. We suggest site-specific interventions, including the creation of new marine protected areas and boundary reorganization and expansion of other existing protected areas, to ensure population connectivity. In addition, simultaneous efforts towards seagrass meadow restoration, reduction of dugong mortalities, and community participation in dugong conservation are recommended for population recovery of this threatened marine herbivore.

     

A fine map for maternal lineage analysis by mitochondrial hypervariable region in 12 Chinese goat breeds

As the fast pace of genomic research continues to identify mitochondrial lineages in animals, it has become apparent that many independent studies are needed to support a robust phylogenetic inference. The aim of this study was thus to further characterize the maternal lineage, proposed to originate in southwestern region of China, using a wider survey of diverse goat breeds in China. To this end, we sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the mtDNA control region in 145 goats of 12 Chinese breeds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chinese goats were classified into four distinct lineages (A, B, C and D) as previously reported. A Mantel test and the analysis of Analysis of Molecular Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was not an obvious geographic structure among Chinese goat breeds. Population expansion analysis based on mismatch distribution and Fu's Fs statistic indicate that two expansion events in Chinese goats occurred respectively at about 11 and 29 mutational time units ago, revealing two star-like subclades in lineage B corresponding to two population expansion events. Moreover, lineage B sequences were presented only in the breeds of southwestern or surrounding regions of China. Multiple lines of evidence from this study and previous studies indicate that for Chinese goats mtDNA lineage B originated from the southwestern region of China.     

贵州稻瘟病菌遗传宗谱的组成及时空分布特征

利用Rep-PCR分子指纹对2003~2004年采自贵州7个地区22个县(市)的200个稻瘟病菌菌株进行了遗传结构分析。在83%遗传相似水平下,供试菌株被划分为87个单元型,17个宗谱。从稻瘟病菌遗传宗谱的组成与分布来看,时空特性表现较为明显。在空间上,各地区既有相同的优势单元型和优势宗谱,又有自己的特异性单元型与宗谱,且各地区病菌群体遗传结构与该地区的水稻品种布局相关;在时间上,不同年度的稻瘟病菌在遗传上存在一定程度的亲缘关系,各年度的特异性宗谱因当年水稻品种的类型而异。     

稻瘟病菌群体遗传宗谱组成与水稻品种布局的相关性分析

采用Rep-PCR分子指纹对来自贵州的200个稻瘟病菌菌株进行了群体遗传结构分析.结果表明,在0.83遗传相似水平下,供试菌株被划分为87个单元型,17个宗谱;同时,病菌群体遗传宗谱的组成与各地区水稻品种的布局有极大的相关性.以杂交稻为主栽品种的几个地区,如遵义、黔东南、黔西南等,稻瘟病菌群体的遗传宗谱相对单一,且多为优势宗谱GZL17;以地方品种或粳稻为主栽品种的地区,如六盘水和毕节,稻瘟病菌群体的遗传宗谱较为分散,各个宗谱所占的比例相对均匀,没有优势或次优势宗谱,显示出丰富的遗传多样性.因此,大面积种植杂交水稻可促使稻瘟病菌群体的遗传背景趋于一致,增加稻瘟病的成灾风险.     

Cellular and humoral immune responses of Senegalese sole,Solea senegalensis (Kaup), following challenge with two Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains from different geographical origins

The present study aimed to investigate leucocyte responses to inflammation as well as some innate immune parameters of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, following challenge with two strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida belonging to the European and Japanese clones described for this bacterium. Pathogenicity assays were performed to assess the virulence of each Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain for sole. Subsequently, fish were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate‐buffered saline (control) or two concentrations (2 × 10² and 2 × 10⁶ CFU mL^?1) of each bacterial strain and sampled after 6 and 24 h. Results showed that the European isolate induces a higher degree of response than the Japanese strain. While blood neutrophilia and monocytosis correlated well with the increase in neutrophil and macrophage numbers in the peritoneal cavity, fish infected with the European isolate presented higher peritoneal cell numbers than fish challenged with the Japanese strain. In addition, alternative complement pathway activity and respiratory burst of head kidney leucocytes increased significantly in fish infected with the European isolate. The enhanced innate immune response displayed by Senegalese sole challenged with the European isolate is probably due to the higher degree of virulence presented by this Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain.     

吉林省稻瘟菌宗谱与寄主亲和关系分析

利用分子标记法对吉林省稻区的87份稻瘟病菌菌株的DNA指纹图谱进行分析.结果表明:87份菌株根据带型相似度＞85％的标准可划分为11个遗传宗谱;吉林省的水稻主栽品种在遗传背景上与JL01和JL04 2个优势稻瘟病菌宗谱具有相似的共进化的同源宗亲关系,这是导致品种的抗性水平不高、抗病周期较短的主要原因之一.     

Genetic relationship between Echinochloa crus‐galli and Echinochloa oryzicola accessions inferred from internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast DNA sequences

Barnyardgrass, hexaploid Echinochloa crus‐galli, is considered to arise from the hybridization between tetraploid Echinochloa oryzicola and an unknown diploid species. The genetic relationship between E. crus‐galli and E. oryzicola was examined to investigate the position of E. oryzicola in the evolutionary process of E. crus‐galli, based on the nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast cpDNA trnT‐L, trnL intron, and trnL‐F regions. New World E. crus‐galli was clearly separated from Eurasian E. crus‐galli and showed a close relationship to the American taxa, Echinochloa crus‐pavonis and Echinochloa walteri, in both the ITS and chloroplast DNA. The nrDNA ITS sequences indicated no differentiation between the Eurasian E. crus‐galli and E. oryzicola, in contrast to their clear divergence in the cpDNA sequence. The present results suggest that E. oryzicola is the male donor of E. crus‐galli.     

非物质文化遗产代表性传承人认定与管理的法律思考——以福建省为主要分析对象

在对非物质文化遗产项目进行保护的过程中,项目代表性传承人的认定与管理意义重大。我国已经出台了《国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人认定与管理暂行办法》,各地方关于代表性传承人的认定与管理的规定都与该办法的内容基本一致,福建省的相关规定有其可取之处,但在代表性传承人的申请程序、管理原则以及权利义务等方面仍有待进一步完善。     

蒙古马mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性与多重母系起源

【目的】对蒙古马mtDNA D-loop区247bp序列进行遗传多样性分析,探讨蒙古马的起源。【方法】采用PCR方法、测序技术及生物信息学方法,将本试验所测得的21匹蒙古马的mtDNA D-loop区序列,与GenBank中公布的43条蒙古马的对应序列,及世界范围内家马、普氏野马和内蒙古地区古马的mtDNA D-loop区序列一起进行系统发育分析。【结果】蒙古马具有39种单倍型,37个多态位点,核苷酸多样度(π)为0.02756±0.00967,单倍型多样度(h)为0.979±0.007,表明蒙古马mtDNA遗传多样性非常丰富。引用世界家马、古马、普氏野马和蒙古马共1074条mtDNA D-loop序列及本研究中21条mtDNA D-loop序列,共同进行系统发育分析,结果显示,蒙古马分布于A、B、C、D、E和F支系。【结论】蒙古马为多重母系起源,且与国内古马的母系起源几乎一致,推测蒙古马可能是中国北方家马的重要母系来源。