生物制剂对约书亚树幼苗成活及生理生化影响的综合评价

采用保水剂（处理Ⅰ）、生根粉(处理Ⅱ)、矮壮素(处理Ⅲ)与多效唑(处理Ⅳ) 4种生物制剂,研究了不同生物制剂对2年生沙漠植物约书亚树幼苗的成活、生长及生理生化指标的影响,并对其影响效益作出综合评价。结果表明:处理Ⅰ及处理Ⅱ均能显著提高约书亚树幼苗的成活率,分别高于对照10.78%及5.43%,处理Ⅲ及处理Ⅳ较对照的成活率分别降低了15.78%及11.25%。处理Ⅰ显著促进了幼苗生长并提高了约书亚树幼苗的光合生理指标、渗透调节物质含量、POD酶及CAT酶活性。处理Ⅱ对幼苗株型无显著影响,抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照。处理Ⅲ使幼苗株高显著低于其他处理,并主要影响幼苗的游离脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性指标。处理Ⅳ促进幼苗地径增粗和植株矮化,并影响植物的光合生理及SOD酶活性指标。利用主成分分析得出,约书亚树幼苗的株型及光合生理因子在综合评价中权重最大,为 68.11%;D值的排序为:处理Ⅰ处理Ⅳ处理Ⅱ对照处理Ⅲ,说明保水剂为最佳生物制剂,显著提高了植物的成活率及生理生化指标,并能显著促进幼苗生长;其次为生根粉,通过影响渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性指标促使成活率显著提高;多效唑虽然对植物的影响效益较大,但其浓度可能不适宜植物成活,对其施用浓度需要进一步研究。      

Analysis of Leaflet Shape and Area for Improvement of Leaf Area Estimation Method for Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

Abstract

Leaf area of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) can not be estimated accurately from the whole leaf shape, and individual leaflet area must be measured for accurate estimation of leaf area. In this study we examined leaflet characteristics in detail and developed a method of estimating individual leaflet area. Shapes of all leaflets were similar regardless of their sizes. The leaflet width was maximal at the distal position around 30 ～40] from the leaflet base. Products of leaflet lengths and maximum widths (as the X-axis) showed almost a linear relationship with the leaflet areas measured with a leaf area meter (as the Y-axis). Moreover, the Y-intercept of the primary regression equation was very small compared to leaflet area values, and we can regard it as 0. We compared the measured leaflet area with the area of the ellipse with the leaflet length as the major axis and the maximum width as the minor axis. The difference between them was within±15] except for some leaflets at the base or tip of the leaf. These results suggested that the method of estimating leaflet area from the ellipse area calculated from the leaflet length and the maximum leaflet width as major and minor axes, respectively was simple and accurate. The estimation equation for the leaflet area is S(e)=0.785 L_leaflet×W_leaflet, where S(e) is the estimated leaflet area, L_leaflet is the leaflet length, and W_leaflet is the maximum leaflet width.     

不同镉处理对两种生态型水蜈蚣镉富集特性的影响

采用室内盆栽试验,研究了在不同浓度Cd处理下,两种生态型水蜈蚣的生长和对Cd的吸收和富集特性。结果表明：（1）在2 mg·kg-1 Cd处理时,Cd对两种生态型水蜈蚣生物量的影响较小。之后随着Cd处理浓度的增加,两种生态型水蜈蚣生物量均呈降低的趋势,且差异显著。在200 mg·kg-1 Cd处理时,矿山生态型水蜈蚣死亡,而非矿山生态型仍能维持一定生长,表现出较强的Cd耐性。（2）在高浓度Cd处理下,非矿山生态型水蜈蚣比矿山生态型具有更强的Cd富集能力。在2、10、50 mg·kg-1 Cd处理时,两种生态型水蜈蚣Cd含量和积累量均呈增加的趋势。在200 mg·kg-1 Cd处理时,非矿山生态型水蜈蚣地上部和地下部Cd含量分别达到498.66 mg·kg-1和1 016.09 mg·kg-1,积累量分别为86.00 μg·pot-1和123.82 μg·pot-1,具有较强的Cd富集能力。（3）在不同浓度Cd处理下,两种生态型水蜈蚣地上部富集系数均大于1,表现出较强的Cd富集能力;矿山生态型水蜈蚣转移系数最大值为0.55,非矿山生态型为0.53。两种生态型水蜈蚣对Cd均有一定的富集特性,而在高浓度Cd处理时非矿山生态型水蜈蚣的Cd富集能力更强。     

不同镉处理对两种生态型水蜈蚣镉富集特性的影响

采用室内盆栽试验,研究了在不同浓度cd处理下,两种生态型水蜈蚣的生长和对cd的吸收和富集特性。结果表明：（1）在2mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,Cd对两种生态型水蜈蚣生物量的影响较小。之后随着cd处理浓度的增加,两种生态型水蜈蚣生物量均呈降低的趋势,且差异显著。在200mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,矿山生态型水蜈蚣死亡,而非矿山生态型仍能维持一定生长,表现出较强的cd耐性。（2）在高浓度cd处理下,非矿山生态型水蜈蚣比矿山生态型具有更强的Cd富集能力。在2、10、50mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,两种生态型水蜈蚣Cd含量和积累量均呈增加的趋势。在200mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,非矿山生态型水蜈蚣地上部和地下部Cd含量分别达到498．66mg·kg^-1和1016．09mg·kg^-1,积累量分别为86．00μg·pot^-1和123．82μg·pot^-1,具有较强的cd富集能力。（3）在不同浓度Cd处理下,两种生态型水蜈蚣地上部富集系数均大于1,表现出较强的cd富集能力;矿山生态型水蜈蚣转移系数最大值为0．55,非矿山生态型为0．53。两种生态型水蜈蚣对cd均有一定的富集特性,而在高浓度Cd处理时非矿山生态型水蜈蚣的cd富集能力更强。     

Position and Development of Differentiated Lateral Buds in Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

Abstract:

During sago palm cultivation, many suckers appear from the mother stem as it grows. Some suckers are thinned out, but the rest are left to grow to be harvested several years later after harvesting of the mother stem (trunk). Proper management of the suckers from the mother stem is important to obtain successive sago trunks from a single transplantation. Nevertheless, little scientific knowledge exists about the sucker growth, even the development of its primordium. Our objective is to clarify the differentiation position and the development of the sago palm lateral bud, which is the sucker bud. Results show that in sago palm, the sucker bud differentiates inside of the connate part of the leaf petiole, which is opposite to the axil side. Swelling of tissue is first visible inside of the third leaf from the growth point (rbL 3). Sucker bud initiation is visible at almost all leaf positions lower than rbL 5. Furthermore, at each leaf position, one or two (rarely three) buds are observed. Differentiated buds usually elongate exponentially. Some develop more than two times on average. These sucker buds differentiate inside of the connate part of the thin leaf petiole, which split toward the base gradually as new leaves emerge. The differentiation position of the sucker buds and the thin leaf petiole are expected to be related closely to the further growth of the large sucker buds.     

产自浙江的黄山松一新变种

报道了产自浙江的黄山松一新变种－短叶黄山松。图1参4     

海南莎草科植物1新记录种

报道了海南莎草科1种新记录植物——多叶水蜈蚣（Kyllinga polyphylla Kunth）,并介绍其生物学性状、产地及分布。     

Growth behavior of suckers derived from transplanted sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

During the growth of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), primary suckers appear from the main stem (MS) of transplanted suckers. Then, secondary suckers appear from the primary suckers. After the MS (trunk) is first harvested 10 and several years after transplantation, trunks can be harvested persistently using the primary, secondary, and subsequent suckers, which are designated as derivative suckers, growing with the MS. However, little knowledge exists about the growth behavior of derivative suckers. This study clarified how derivative suckers, especially the primary and secondary suckers, spread in the horizontal direction, and how they form a plant with the MS during the creeping growth stage. Most derivative suckers crept in the direction of about 70° subtended by the mother stem. However, two primary suckers that appeared early after transplantation crept in an obtuse angle to the creeping direction of the MS. As the reason for this obtuse angle direction, we considered the following four factors: (1) the existence of petiole, (2) distance from the sucker to the ground surface, (3) enlargement of the MS, and (4) space for sucker growth. The growth behaviors of the two primary suckers and the other derivative suckers differed. Therefore, in sago palm cultivation, the two primary suckers which appeared first from the MS were very important for formation of the framework of the plant with the MS, in terms of efficient utilization of space for the growth of derivative suckers.     

生境条件对沙漠植物约书亚树（Yucca brevifolia）光合生理特性的影响

[目的]研究生境条件对沙漠植物约书亚树（Yucca brevifolia）光合生理特性的影响.[方法]于2011年8月初采用Li-6400便携式光合仪研究了移栽裸沙地、五角枫林地、银中杨林地以及樟子松林地的约书亚树幼苗光合生理特性的日变化规律,并采用通径分析法分析各环境因子对约书亚树净光合速率的直接和间接影响.[结果]裸沙地和银中杨林地的约书亚树Pn日变化呈典型的“双峰”型,在11：00的光合“午休”现象,为非气孔限制因素所致.裸沙地约书亚树日均Pn最大为9.67 μmolCO2/（m2·s）,是五角枫林地的6.89倍,樟子松林地的3.87倍,银中杨林地的1.95倍.通过通径分析可以看出,不同生境条件下约书亚树Pn的主导环境因子是PAR.[结论]该研究提示了约书亚树对不同生境的响应机制,可为在我国大面积种植和推广该树种提供依据.     

水蜈蚣精油的成分分析及其在卷烟中的应用研究

提取江苏产水蜈蚣精油进行化学成分分析,并分别进行卷烟加香试验。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取水蜈蚣全草的精油,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析鉴定其化学成分。采用感官评吸法评价其在卷烟中的加香效果。成分分析结果表明,江苏产水蜈蚣精油的主要化学成分为α-石竹烯、氧化石竹烯、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2,6,10,14-十六烷四烯-1-醇、1,5,5,8-四甲基-12-氧杂双环[9.1.0]十二烷-3,7-二烯、十六酸、六氢金合欢基丙酮、β-石竹烯和植醇。水蜈蚣精油能有效提高卷烟的香气量和香气浓度。