一例猪流行性腹泻病毒变异株导致仔猪腹泻的案例诊断

2020年11月初,福建南平某猪场仔猪开始发病,其临床症状以腹泻、呕吐等为主。为确定病因,猪场工作人员采集发病仔猪小肠等组织送至武夷山市农业农村局,工作人员分别检测猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒和猪德尔塔冠状病毒等病原,结果仅在肠道组织中检测出PEDV(猪流行性腹泻病毒),且通过对该毒株的S1基因进行扩增、测序与分析发现,该毒株与国内流行变异株对应序列同源性超过97.4%,但与疫苗株同源性相对较低,仅为92.2%。因此可判定该猪场流行的PEDV毒株为变异株,此结果为该猪场猪流行性腹泻的防控提供科学依据。     

粤北地区新生仔猪腹泻病原学调查及PEDV ORF3基因分子特征和遗传变异分析

为了解粤北地区新生仔猪腹泻病的主要病原,本试验采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法对2015年粤北地区6个规模化猪场31份新生仔猪腹泻样品进行了猪流行腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪轮状病毒(PoRV)检测,并对5株PEDV流行毒株ORF3基因进行测序分析。病原检测结果显示,83.87%(26/31)样品为PEDV阳性,没有检测到TGEV和PoRV阳性样品。对PEDV ORF3基因序列分析结果显示,5个流行毒株ORF3基因全长均为675bp,相互之间核苷酸同源性为98.7%~100.0%,与参考序列同源性为94.5%~100.0%,多个核苷酸位点发生了共同突变。系统进化树分析结果表明,PEDV可分为两个基因群,粤北地区流行的PEDV与2013-2015年间在中国部分地区、东南亚、北美洲和欧洲流行的PEDV遗传关系较近,位于基因1群中的同一个亚群,而2011-2012年中国流行的PEDV主要毒株及疫苗毒株则归类于另外两个基因亚群。结果表明,粤北地区新生仔猪腹泻主要是由PEDV感染引起的,PEDV基因随着时间推移呈现不断进化和变异趋势。     

一例猪流行性腹泻病毒变异株引起仔猪腹泻的诊断

2020年11月初,福建南平某猪场仔猪发病,临床症状以腹泻、呕吐等为主。为确定病因,采集发病仔猪小肠组织,提取核酸分别检测猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒和猪德塔冠状病毒等,结果仅检出猪流行性腹泻病毒,且通过对该毒株的S1基因进行扩增、测序与分析,发现该毒株与国内流行变异株对于序列同源性超过97.4%,但与疫苗株同源性相对较低,仅为92.2%,因此可判定该猪场流行的PEDV毒株为变异株。     

江苏地区猪流行性腹泻流行病学调查及病原S基因序列分析

为探究江苏省内猪场猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)的流行和遗传变异情况,采集江苏省13个地级市规模猪场和屠宰场健康猪群的鼻拭子和肛拭子样品,通过RT-PCR方法检测PEDV,并对部分阳性样品进行S基因序列扩增、测序及遗传进化分析。结果显示：259份猪鼻拭子样品中,PEDV阳性检出率为10.42%(27/259);178份猪肛拭子样品中,PEDV阳性检出率为9.55%(17/178)。选取的8株PEDV代表株的核苷酸序列同源性在99.2%～100%之间,氨基酸序列同源性在95.2%～97.1%之间,与国内流行毒株SD-M、JS2008的同源性最高,核苷酸序列同源性达到97%以上;遗传进化分析显示,8株PEDV代表株属于同一群,与经典毒株CV777、DR13亲缘关系较近。本研究初步明确了江苏地区健康猪群中猪流行性腹泻流行状况和PEDV遗传演化特点,为有效防控猪流行性腹泻提供参考。     

6株猪流行性腹泻病毒N基因的克隆与分析

为了解安徽省猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的遗传变异情况,采用胶体金试纸条检测安徽省境内发生疑似猪流行性腹泻病的病猪粪便（2013—2017年）;对PEDV抗原阳性猪样品,利用RT-PCR方法扩增其PEDV N基因,并进行测序和序列分析。结果发现,经胶体金试纸条检测确认了6个猪流行性腹泻发病猪场;对来自该6个猪场的病料样品或病毒传代培养物进行RT-PCR扩增和测序,共获得6株PEDV流行毒株的N基因序列,其序列全长均为1 326 bp,将其分别命名为N12、N22、N32、N42、N52和N62。核苷酸同源性分析显示,6株PEDV分离株N基因之间序列同源性为94.8%~99.8%。其中,5株PEDV分离株（N12、N22、N32、N52和N62）与PEDV疫苗株、经典毒株、2011年之前的我国分离株（LZC、CHS）的同源性较低（94.1%~96.3%）,亲缘关系较远;与2011年后国内外PEDV分离株存在较高同源性（96.9%~99.2%）,亲缘关系较近;而N42正好相反。该研究表明,近年来安徽各地猪场以PEDV新变异毒株的流行为主。     

河南省部分地区猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3和N基因的克隆及其遗传进化分析

为探究河南省猪流行性腹泻病毒部分毒株的遗传进化情况,采用RT-PCR对2017年2月至2018年1月在河南省部分地区猪场收集到的25份PEDV阳性病料进行ORF3和N基因的扩增,并对其进行克隆、序列比对及遗传进化分析。结果显示,PEDV毒株的ORF3基因序列是由675个核苷酸组成的,与经典毒株CV777之间核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为95.2%~97.5%和95.1%~96.9%。N基因之间的核苷酸与氨基酸同源性分别为96.2%~100%和93.8%~99.8%;与经典毒株CV777核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为94.7%~95.8%和93.2%~96.8%。河南部分地区PEDV流行毒株与经典毒株CV777不在同一分支,说明猪场暴发猪流行性腹泻与免疫接种疫苗后依旧难以控制的原因,可能与大多数PEDV河南流行株发生变异有关。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒河南流行株S基因的克隆与遗传进化分析

近年来,我国大多省市暴发新生仔猪严重流行性腹泻,给养猪业造成巨大经济损失。为分析猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)在河南省的流行和遗传变异情况,本研究对2014—2015年收集的30份临床腹泻样品,进行RT-PCR检测,对检测为阳性的PEDV样品进行S基因的克隆与序列分析。结果表明,30份临床腹泻样品中,RT-PCR检测出22个PEDV阳性样品,克隆的22条PEDV S序列与GenBank中发表的29条PEDVS基因序列核苷酸同源性为93.1%~99.2%。与经典毒株相比,22株河南流行株在S1区域存在碱基的插入、缺失现象;S基因遗传进化树表明,PEDV分为2群,河南流行株均属于PEDVП群,与近年国内分离株和韩国野毒株有较近亲缘关系,而与欧洲株以及中国目前使用的疫苗株亲缘关系较远,基因差异较大。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒变异株的鉴定和分子特征分析

为查明山东省某猪场流行性腹泻的病因,本研究对该猪场病死仔猪进行病理学检查,并对采集的7份仔猪腹泻样品进行猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的套式RT-PCR检测。病理学检查发现病猪的肠道肿胀、变薄、出血,肠绒毛皱缩、变短、边缘粗糙。套式RT-PCR结果显示,7份样品均为PEDV阳性;对其中两份PEDV阳性病料进行S基因扩增,分析其遗传变异,结果显示这两株PEDV野毒株的S基因与参考疫苗株CV777的同源性为92.3%~92.4%,与其他野毒株的同源性为96.6%~98.6%。PEDV的遗传进化树结果显示,PEDV分为两个进化分支G1和G2,G1包括CV777等疫苗株及中国和韩国早期的部分毒株,G2则是PEDV变异株为主的分支,包括本试验分离的野毒株及近年来美国、中国等国的野毒株,这些毒株都存在两个插入突变和1个缺失突变。结果表明,变异株已成为PEDV的流行优势毒株,且这些变异位点有可能成为鉴定PEDV变异株的分子特征。     

我国部分省份猪流行性腹泻的流行病学监测

[目的]为摸清我国猪群流行性腹泻的感染状况,[方法]从2011年底到2014年3月,对云南、广西等29个省份开展了猪群腹泻疫情流行病学调查,采集、收集了发生腹泻症状的发病猪群样品（新鲜粪便、肠道组织等）,进行了猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）等多种病原检测。[结果]在7021个调查猪场中,出现腹泻的阳性猪场4060个（57.83%）。在收集的1383份腹泻样品中,利用RT-PCR方法检测到PEDV阳性样本686份（49.58%）,其中腹泻发病猪样品中PEDV的检出率为67.82%,675份组织样品共检测出PEDV阳性样本86份（12.75%）。[结论]这表明我国猪场PEDV的感染十分普遍。对S基因进行分子流行病学分析发现,我国PEDV流行毒株与已有PEDV毒株可以分为2个完全不同的进化分支G1和G2,G1以CV777和DR13等疫苗株和早期毒株为主,G2则以2011-2013年流行毒株为主,流行毒株之间的同源性为97.8%-100%,与疫苗株CV777之间的同源性为94.3%-94.5%。     

浙江省猪流行性腹泻病毒S1基因克隆与序列分析

本研究旨在分析浙江省猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的遗传变异情况,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法对2015-2016年浙江省内收集的58份猪腹泻样品进行检测,设计2对特异性引物对16份来自浙江不同地区PEDV阳性样品的S1基因进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆及序列测定,并应用生物信息学软件对16株PEDV浙江毒株的S1基因进行分析。结果显示,48份样品为PEDV阳性。16个毒株之间S1基因片段核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为93.1%~99.8%和92.4%~99.7%,与疫苗株CV777的核苷酸同源性为92.3%~95.7%,氨基酸同源性为90.7%~95.7%。与疫苗株CV777相比,15个毒株在S1基因区域存在着15个核苷酸插入和6个核苷酸缺失。系统进化分析表明,大部分毒株与国内外流行的基因Ⅱ型PEDV毒株亲缘关系较近,15个毒株与2011-2016年中国流行的基因Ⅱ型PEDV毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均在96.6%以上;与早期分离的CV777株、LZC株亲缘关系较远,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均在93.4%以下;1个毒株（ZJ16NB6）与国内外流行的S-INDEL样毒株较近,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性较高,均在98.4%~99.5%之间。本研究结果表明,2015-2016年浙江省仔猪腹泻主要是由PEDV感染引起的,浙江省流行的PEDV同时存在着基因Ⅱ型和S-INDEL样毒株,但以基因Ⅱ型毒株为主。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.