铜仁市2023年上半年动物疫病免疫抗体抽检分析

为全面落实动物疫病强制免疫工作,科学评估重大动物疫病的免疫效果,于2023年5月18日—6月11日对各区（县）进行了重大动物疫病免疫抗体飞检及监测预警抽检工作,在全市10个区县随机采集猪牛羊鸡血清样品共计3098份,分别采用正向间接血凝、酶联免疫吸附实验和血凝与血凝抑制试验等检测方法分别做了牛O型口蹄疫、羊O型口蹄疫、牛A型口蹄疫、羊A型口蹄疫、羊小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、猪O型口蹄疫、猪瘟、布鲁氏菌共10种免疫抗体检测。结果显示：牛O型口蹄疫、羊O型口蹄疫、牛A型口蹄疫、羊A型口蹄疫、羊小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、猪O型口蹄疫、猪瘟样品免疫抗体合格率分别为97.93%、96.34%、65.00%、51.43%、96.58%、82.59%、83.70%、93.66%、93.09%;牛、羊布鲁氏菌病免疫抗体均为阴性。结果表明,牛羊O型口蹄疫、羊小反刍兽疫、禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、猪O型口蹄疫平均样品合格率均高于农业农村部规定的70%的基本要求,能够有效防控重大动物疫病的流行。但牛羊A型口蹄疫抗体合格率均低于70%,需加强动物免疫并进行免疫抗体监测...     

2016—2020年宁夏彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫抗体监测数据分析

为了解彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体水平,收集彭阳县2016—2019年的牛羊抗体春秋集中监测数据和2020年春季牛羊抗体监测数据,进行时间、空间和群间分布描述。结果显示：2016春季牛O型和A型口蹄疫及羊小反刍兽疫抗体水平,2018年春季牛羊O型和A型口蹄疫抗体水平及2019年春季羊小反刍兽疫抗体水平较低,其他时间集中监测的抗体水平均超过70%;近5年来彭阳县牛口蹄疫抗体水平总体呈现上升趋势,羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体水平基本保持平稳;O型口蹄疫抗体水平整体上高于A型（P＜0.001）;牛规模场和牛散养户间的口蹄疫抗体水平没有差异（P＞0.050）,而羊规模场和羊散养户间的口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫抗体水平差异显著（P＜0.010）。结果表明,彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫效果整体较好,但仍有部分期间的免疫效果较差。建议加强对动物防疫社会化服务机构的监管,持续做好基层动物防疫人员的免疫技术培训,逐步提高牛羊规模化养殖水平。本研究掌握了彭阳县近5年来的牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫的免疫状况,找出了存在的问题,提出了今后的工作重点,为该地做好重大动物疫病防控,保障畜牧业健康发展提供了参考。     

野生偶蹄动物主要疫源疫病的发生与防控

野生偶蹄动物的疫病如口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、非洲猪瘟、布鲁氏菌病、结核病等对家畜养殖业和人类身体健康带来严重的威胁,并影响深远。本文着重针对以上几种野生偶蹄动物疫病的发生和流行及当前我国对野生动物疫病防控的现状和不足等进行了阐述。     

羊口蹄疫O型、A型二价苗及小反刍兽疫-山羊痘二联活苗不同免疫方法对免疫效果分析

<正>小反刍兽疫(PPR)俗称羊瘟,是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的一种急性病毒性传染病,主要感染小反刍动物(山羊和绵羊等)~([1]),以发热、口炎、腹泻、肺炎为特征。口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的一种急性、发热性、高度接触性人畜共患传染病,是动物中传染性最强的疫病~([2])。小反刍兽疫的入侵给动物疫病的防控带来新的挑战,为了合理使用口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫-山羊痘二联活苗,掌握两种疫苗不同免疫方法对免疫抗体的影响,降低免疫成本,提     

2016—2018年广西玉林市和百色市主要家畜疫病定点监测

为了解广西地区口蹄疫(FMD)、猪瘟(CSF)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、猪伪狂犬病(PR)、布鲁氏菌病和小反刍兽疫(PPR)等重大动物疫病的免疫动态、疫情流行风险,按照国家动物疫病定点监测实施方案相关要求,2016—2018年运用ELISA和实时荧光定量PCR方法,对玉林市和百色市20个定点监测场点的猪、牛、羊开展病原学监测和抗体监测。病原监测结果显示:2016—2018年,未在牛羊群中检出FMD、PPR病原;2016年和2017年CSF病原检出率均为0.38%;3年内均有PRRS病原检出,检出率介于1.89%~6.32%。抗体检测结果显示:2016—2018年,猪O型FMD、CSF、PRRS和PR-gB抗体阳性率均在70%以上,A型FMD抗体阳性率逐年上升,NSP抗体和PR-gE抗体阳性率呈波动状变化;牛O型FMD抗体阳性率分别为94.78%、18.26%、71.11%,亚洲I型分别为76.52%、25.22%、27.78%,NSP抗体阳性率在22.61%~41.74%之间波动;仅2016年检出1份牛布鲁氏菌抗体阳性;3年间,羊O型、亚洲I型FMD和PPR免疫抗体阳性率都很低,未达到70%,且呈下降趋势,NSP抗体阳性率在0.95%~7.62%之间波动,未检出羊布鲁氏菌抗体。结果表明,广西玉林市和百色市的猪群O型FMD、CSF、PRRS、PR免疫效果较好,但牛羊群FMD和PPR免疫效果较差,猪群中仍有CSF、PRRS、PR等疫病流行,牛羊群中存在FMD流行的风险,但牛羊布鲁氏菌病得到有效控制。结果提示,应继续加强上述疫病的免疫和监测,针对免疫效果较差、病原流行率偏高的疫病,要重点做好防控和净化。     

甘州区规模化羊场主要疫病及防控措施探讨

肉羊养殖逐渐向规模化方向发展,但是口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、羊布病等疫病防控面临形势愈加严重。需要从羊场设计、加强饲养管理、消毒、驱虫、制定合理免疫程序加强防检疫工作等多方面采取综合防控措施,降低疫病风险,取得最大养殖效益。     

紫金县2021年重要动物疫病监测数据分析

为掌握紫金县高致病性禽流感、新城疫、非洲猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、布鲁氏菌病、小反刍兽疫等动物重要疫病流行及疫苗免疫情况，对2021年紫金县采集的4 978份畜禽样品进行了病原学及血清学检测及监测。检测结果显示，2021年紫金县重要动物疫病免疫抗体水平均较高，未检测出重要动物疫病病原，这表明紫金县重要动物疫病免疫效果及防控效果均较好。     

河南:防控动物疫病三类项目有补助

2017年9月6日,河南省畜牧局、省财政厅联合制订方案,明确了2017年河南省动物疫病防控财政支持范围,表示将对动物疫病强制免疫、强制扑杀、养殖环节无害化处理工作给予适当补助. 强制免疫补助主要用于开展口蹄疫、高致病性禽流感、小反刍兽疫、布病等动物疫病强制免疫疫苗采购、储存、注射(投喂)及免疫效果监测评价、人员防护等相关防控工作,以及对实施和购买动物防疫服务等予以补助.补助畜禽种类主要包括,口蹄疫:猪、牛、羊、骆驼和鹿等偶蹄动物;高致病性禽流感:鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽子、鹌鹑等家禽;小反刍兽疫:羊;布病:牛、羊等.     

23种家畜疫病的诊断调查报告

应用ＡＧＰ、ＰＡＴ、ＳＡＴ、ＩＨＡ、血片、粪便镜检、结核菌素点眼等检测方法,对毕节地区４县（市）９４个乡（镇）、３个国营农牧场及牲畜集市的５２６７份（次）家畜样品,进行了２３种疫病的诊断调查。结果,阳性率分别为：牛蓝舌病２．２４％,牛布鲁氏菌病３．５２％,牛伊氏锥虫病１０．３６％,牛弓形虫病３６．８４％,马传染性贫血１．５９％,马伊氏锥虫病３．５７％,马焦虫病０．５９％,猪布鲁氏菌病０．６２％,猪囊虫病２０．８１％,羊蓝舌病３．４３％;牛肝片吸虫病５８．４２％,牛焦虫病０．７１％,猪弓形虫病２５．３９％,羊布鲁氏菌病１．７９％;牛口蹄疫、牛白血病、牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病、牛结核病、猪口蹄疫、猪痢疾、羊口蹄疫、羊病毒性腹泻／粘膜病、羊焦虫病均为０。前１０种疫病在毕节地区历史上从未记载,属首次正式证实有这些疫病的存在。牛、羊蓝舌病在贵州省属新发现。     

黔东南州2021年重大动物疫病抗体监测情况及对策

重大动物疫病集中免疫是控制动物疫情发生的关键工作，为客观评价黔东南州2021年重大动物疫病集中免疫效果，黔东南州动物疫病预防控制中心组织开展了2021年动物疫病监测工作。结果显示，猪瘟、猪口蹄疫、牛羊口蹄疫O型、高致病性禽流感等抗体合格率均达到70%以上，牛羊口蹄疫A型、羊小反刍兽疫等抗体合格率在70%以下，说明黔东南州重大动物疫病强制免疫工作没有做到全覆盖，应进一步提高思想认识，强化基础免疫，确保构筑有效的动物防疫安全屏障。     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Salmonellae and Campylobacters in Household and Stray Dogs in Northern Taiwan

Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline (78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%), chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%).