鸭坦布苏病毒HN1株囊膜E蛋白抑制肽的筛选及鉴定

鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)是一个新发现的病毒,主要引起鸭产蛋严重下降为特征,为鉴定与DTMUV囊膜E蛋白特异性结合的多肽,本试验利用噬菌体展示技术以DTMUV HN1株E蛋白为靶标,进行随机12肽库3轮筛选,结合ELISA试验和竞争抑制试验,成功筛选了2个能够与DTMUV HN1株E蛋白特异性结合的多肽。测序结果显示,其氨基酸序列分别为:HWSTRQGSTRWN(P3-12)和THRSWQGNSWYM(P8-12)。进一步分析多肽P3-12和P8-12对DTMUV在鸭胚成纤维细胞增殖方面的影响,结果显示,E蛋白抑制肽P3-12和P8-12本身对鸭胚成纤维细胞的增殖无明显影响,不同质量浓度的的抑制肽P3-12和P8-12(0.02、0.2、2、20mg/L)均能显著降低DTMUV在鸭胚成纤维细胞中的病毒滴度和病毒拷贝数,以上结果表明,抑制肽P3-12和P8-12均能抑制DTMUV在鸭胚成纤维细胞的增殖,本试验为进一步探明DTMUV与宿主的相互作用及抗病毒制剂的开发提供了理论依据。     

合成三肽囊素阳性噬菌体模拟七肽的免疫活性初步研究

为探讨三肽囊素(Bursin)模拟七肽的免疫活性及其与Brusin的相关性,本研究根据Bursin阳性噬菌体展示七肽库中筛选得到的氨基酸序列(MTTNLQQ)人工合成该七肽.以ELISA和竞争ELISA检验合成七肽与Bursin在体外的免疫学反应的相关性;比较不同剂量的合成七肽(设定Bursin作为对照)对鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)弱毒疫苗(La sota株)在鸡体诱导的特异性免疫应答的影响.结果显示合成七肽与抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2)能够特异性结合并且该结合作用可被Bursin阻断;动物试验的结果表明,低剂量(0.09 mg)的合成七肽对疫苗诱导的体液免疫应答的增强作用与Bursin相当,而且高剂量(0.3 mg)的合成七肽对细胞免疫应答具有一定的增强作用.因此,认为七肽序列MTTNLQQ具有与Bursin类似的免疫活性.     

噬菌体展示三肽囊素模拟肽的研究

本研究分离纯化抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2),利用噬菌体环7肽库筛选抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2)结合肽,测定阳性克隆ssDNA序列,并与Bursin序列进行同源性分析,通过ELISA法检测其结合活性和竞争ELISA法检测其抗原性,以Busin为对照,验证阳性克隆(№4)在鸡体内的生物学效应.序列分析表明,"LNXT"短肽序列可能为结合抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2)的保守序列,但与Bursin无同源性;噬菌体(№1)在序列中含有K、H、G.ELISA和竞争ELISA检测,表明Bursin对阳性克隆1、4、5、6号和抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2)的结合有一定的抑制作用:生物学活性初步验证表明,阳性克隆(№4)与Bursin具有类似作用,能促进抗体产生,有望成为一种模拟Bursin新型的免疫增强剂.     

基于天蚕素A和胡蜂毒素的杂合肽设计及活性鉴定

为了进一步改善胡蜂毒素（mastoparan,MP）的抗菌、抗肿瘤活性并减少细胞毒性,本研究通过分子杂合方法对其进行改造,并初步鉴定设计的杂合多肽的生物活性。以天蚕素A的N-端1-8序列片段和胡蜂毒素的保守序列为模板进行杂合设计,获得一条新型杂合肽KL-21。以胡蜂毒素MP-L作为参照,采用生物信息学方法、微量倍比稀释法、杀菌动力学方法、溶血试验、CCK-8法分别对KL-21和MP-L进行理化参数分析、结构预测、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）测定、杀菌动力学研究、溶血活性测定及肿瘤细胞毒性试验。结果表明,KL-21可以在短时间内迅速杀灭细菌,对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）和阴性菌（大肠杆菌）的MIC均为4~8 μg/mL,MBC均为8~16 μg/mL;KL-21对真菌（白色念珠菌）的最小MIC为32 μg/mL,MBC为64 μg/mL。兔红细胞溶血试验表明,KL-21在128 μg/mL时溶血活性仅为20%,较MP-L的溶血活性明显降低。细胞毒性试验表明,KL-21对肺癌细胞A549具有良好的抑制作用,16 μg/mL的体外抑制率达86%。研究表明,新型杂合肽KL-21较MP-L的抗菌和抗肿瘤活性有较大提高,细胞毒性显著降低,可以作为先导肽进一步研究和开发。     

鸡源 Bursin-ScFv 噬菌体展示文库的构建及初步筛选

本研究利用抗三肽囊素(Bursin)单克隆抗体免疫SPF来航鸡,获得产生抗独特型抗体的脾细胞,从中提取总RNA,经反转录合成cDNA第一链.以cDNA第一链为模板,根据来航鸡 IgG 抗体重链(VH)、轻链(VL)可变区基因FR设计引物,进行PCR扩增.在体外扩增出该抗体的可变区VH和VL基因(大小分别约为370和320 bp).通过重叠延伸反应(SOE),以(Gly4Ser)3为连接肽,将VH和VL基因连接成为VH-Linker-VL ScFv,将ScFv DNA与噬菌粒载体pHEN1的连接产物转化于大肠杆菌TG1,经辅助噬菌体M13K07感染后,获得重组的鸡源抗三肽囊素独特型抗体全套单链噬菌体抗体库.并测得该库容量约为5×105,噬菌体中ScFv基因的插入率为80%,用辅助噬菌体援救后,得到滴度为1011PFU/mL的初级噬菌体抗体库.用抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2)进行4轮"吸附-洗脱-扩增"的淘筛,出现特异性富集.经ELISA、动物试验表明所筛选的5个阳性克隆可与抗Bursin单克隆抗体(2F9-4/HU2)特异性结合,并能促进抗体的生产.     

猪肺炎支原体P46基因特异性噬菌体随机肽库的构建

通过构建猪肺炎支原体膜蛋白P46的噬菌体展示肽库,以筛选其特异性抗原表位。用DNase I随机消化法获取P46基因主要抗原序列(不含信号肽的编码序列)的随机片段,片段经与pBamHI Linker连接和BamHI酶切后,克隆到pC89 pⅧ型噬菌粒载体,重组噬菌粒转化感受态细胞XL1-Blue,辅助噬菌体VCSM13超感染,从而构建了P46基因特异性噬菌体随机肽库。结果,所建肽库含有约2.3×104个不同克隆,滴度约为1.3×1014PFU/mL。说明所建肽库具有较大库容和较好的多样性,可满足P46蛋白抗原表位的筛选。     

新RGD嵌合体肽对黑色素瘤细胞B16增殖及其黑色素合成的影响

为研究新合成的靶向抗肿瘤肽RGD-T-La(S)、RGD-T-La(FS)对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖及其黑色素合成的影响,本研究将T-La (S)、T-La (FS)与RGD (精氨酸-谷氨酸-天冬氨酸)小分子蛋白质偶联,合成新的靶向抗肿瘤肽RGD-T-La (S)、RGD-T-La (FS)。通过CCK8法检测多肽对B16细胞增殖的影响;微量酶标法检测多肽作用于B16细胞后乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量变化;透射电镜观察多肽作用B16细胞后的超微结构;流式细胞仪检测多肽对B16细胞周期的影响;NaOH裂解法和L-Dopa氧化法分析多肽对黑色素合成含量和酪氨酸酶活性的影响;荧光定量PCR (q-PCR)法分析多肽对黑色素合成关键因子酪氨酸酶(TYR)和小眼相关转录因子(MITF)基因转录水平的影响。结果显示,RGD-T-La(S)、RGD-T-La (FS)在10μg/mL时能够显著抑制B16细胞的增殖,且呈现时间浓度依赖性;RGD嵌合体肽在20μg/mL时能够显著增加B16细胞中LDH含量,且呈现浓度依赖性;透射电镜结果显示RGD嵌合体肽作用B16后,细胞出现自噬体及线粒体自噬现象;同时RGD嵌合体肽对酪氨酸酶活性和细胞黑色素蛋白的生成具有明显的抑制作用,显著降低TYR和MITF基因的转录水平。上述结果表明,RGD嵌合体肽在体外具有诱导细胞凋亡,抑制B16细胞增殖的作用,能够促进抗肿瘤肽T-La (FS)对肿瘤细胞的靶向杀伤作用。本实验为研究RGD嵌合体肽RGD-T-La (S)和RGD-T-La (FS)靶向抗肿瘤的作用机制以及为临床相关抗肿瘤药物的研发提供科学依据。     

MTT法评价猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗的细胞免疫应答

为评价猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫猪后的细胞免疫应答,用含有E、F两种多肽抗原的猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫猪,二免后两周采血分离猪外周血淋巴细胞,再用E、F两种合成肽及二者混合物对淋巴细胞刺激培养48 h,用MTT法检测特异性T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,在抗原E、F混合物浓度为50μg/mL时,抗原对免疫组淋巴结细胞的刺激增殖作用显著高于未免疫对照组（P〈0.01）。表明,该猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫猪能有效引起特异性T淋巴细胞免疫应答。     

EDTA对氧氟沙星抗鸡源大肠杆菌活性的影响

为了解EDTA对氧氟沙星抗鸡源大肠杆菌活性的影响,采用2倍稀释浓度琼脂平板法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值.结果显示,加入EDTA后中心浓度由0.5 μg/ml变为0.125 μg/ml,最低检测限由0.125 μg/ml降到0.03125 μg/ml.表明EDTA增大了氧氟沙星抑制大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径,能够增强氧氟沙星的抗菌活性,可以提高氧氟沙星在组织中检测的灵敏度.     

甘肃棘豆黄酮抗氧化活性及免疫活性的研究

为研究甘肃棘豆黄酮的抗氧化及免疫活性,试验通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除率测定其抗氧化活性,通过测定不同浓度甘肃棘豆黄酮对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖能力、白细胞介素2(IL-2)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体形成的影响研究其免疫活性。结果显示,甘肃棘豆黄酮对DPPH自由基清除率最高为32.23%,略高于维生素E(28.55%),低于维生素C(97.05%);对超氧阴离子自由基清除率最高为80.03%,高于维生素E(69.70%),低于维生素C(98.69%);对羟基自由基清除率最高为30.39%,低于维生素C(98.98%)、略低于维生素E(32.57%)。在小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖试验中,随着甘肃棘豆黄酮溶液浓度的提高,脾脏淋巴细胞相对增殖率也提高,当其浓度为200μg/mL时,小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖率为23.40%;200μg/mL甘肃棘豆黄酮组IL-2水平极显著高于对照组(P0.01),50和100μg/mL甘肃棘豆黄酮组与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);各甘肃棘豆黄酮组IgG抗体水平均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),其中,50μg/mL甘肃棘豆黄酮组极显著高于100和200μg/mL甘肃棘豆黄酮组(P0.01),100μg/mL甘肃棘豆黄酮组极显著高于200μg/mL甘肃棘豆黄酮组(P0.01)。综上所述,甘肃棘豆黄酮具有较好的抗氧化活性及免疫活性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。