猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒反转录环媒恒温检测方法的建立

本研究利用PrimerExplorer V4软件设计了针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)N基因保守区6个特异性部位的4种引物,建立了PRRSV的反转录环媒恒温检测方法.利用该方法所建立的反应体系在恒温水浴锅中作用1 h即可得到其特有的阶梯状条带,而且猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病毒和健康猪睾丸细胞的扩增结果均为阴性.本方法对PRRSV的最低检出量为1 ×100个～1×101个基因拷贝.反转录环媒恒温检测方法和普通RT-PCR方法检测临床样品的符合率为96.2%.该方法为现地开展猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的快速诊断和综合防治方案的提出提供了有力的诊断工具.     

禽流感病毒通用型RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

为建立一种禽流感病毒(AIV)的快速检测方法,本研究根据环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)原理,设计了针对AIV M基因4个不同区段的特异性引物,并对反应条件和反应体系进行优化,建立了AIV的RT-LAMP方法。结果表明,该方法对AIV H1~H16亚型的检测结果均为阳性,而对其他禽类病毒的扩增均为阴性,具有良好的特异性。对AIV的最低检测限为13.43 EID50/m L,灵敏度为普通一步RT-PCR的10倍;扩增反应可以在恒温水浴内60 min内完成;在反应体系中添加荧光染料后,肉眼即可判定检测结果。该检测方法与RT-PCR方法和荧光定量RT-PCR方法对临床样品检测的符合率均为81.8%。该方法能够简便、快速、灵敏、特异地检测AIV。     

牛轮状病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

本研究旨在建立一种快速可视化检测牛轮状病毒(BRV)的反转录-环介导恒温扩增方法(RT-LAMP)。根据BRV的群特异性基因VP6设计一套LAMP引物,对反应条件和试剂浓度进行优化,建立了恒温(63.5℃)、快速(45 min)的检测方法。结果显示:所建立方法特异性好,检测其他对照病毒均为阴性;灵敏度高,最低可检测到1个拷贝的阳性质粒,扩增产物经酶切分析结果正确,扩增结果可通过观察浑浊度或加入染料后直接判定。建立了用于检测BRV的RT-LAMP方法,该方法简便、快速、特异性好、灵敏度高,适合基层和现场检测。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速、灵敏、简便的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）早期检测方法,本研究利用逆转录环介导恒温扩增技术（RT-LAMP）,针对PRRSV的ORF5基因片段设计了4条引物,利用Bst DNA聚合酶在65 ℃恒温条件下进行逆转录扩增,通过1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和加入SYBR Green Ⅰ染料肉眼判断结果,建立了PRRSV RT-LAMP检测方法。结果表明,该检测方法具有良好的特异性,与其他常见病毒如猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒等无交叉反应,较普通RT-PCR灵敏性高100倍。采用RT-LAMP和RT-PCR分别对10份临床样本同时进行检测,符合率为100%。因此,本研究建立的RT-LAMP是一种可适用于临床PRRSV检测的快速、简单、灵敏、特异的检测方法。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种鸡传染性法氏囊病RT-PCR检测方法,根据Gen Bank中已发表的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious Bursal Disease Virus,IBDV)的基因组序列(登录号:X92760)。设计合成1对引物,通过优化PCR反应的条件,建立针对IBDV的RT-PCR检测方法。结果显示:RT-PCR扩增产物在610 bp条带处可见到与预期大小相符的特异性条带;将扩增产物纯化回收后连接到pMD18-T克隆载体上,利用Eco RⅠ/HindⅢ双切酶鉴定后可在610 bp处见到特异性条带,测序结果与IBDV序列一致;利用设计的引物同时对IBDV、ILTV、NDV、MDV、AIV进行RT-PCR检测,只有IBDV的扩增结果为阳性,其余均为阴性;建立的RT-PCR检测方法的灵敏度为(10 pg)0.1μL;用该检测方法对同种病料重复检测,结果完全一致;应用建立的方法对临床病例进行检测,16份样品中有6份检测为阳性。以上结果表明,建立的RT-PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好等优点,可用于鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断和流行病学的研究。     

基于PEDV M基因RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速、灵敏、方便的猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)早期诊断方法,本研究针对PEDV的M基因片段设计了4条引物,对反应体系的时间、温度进行了优化,对试验的特异性和敏感性进行了评估,初步建立了逆转录环介导恒温扩增技术(RT-LAMP)。结果表明,建立的PEDV RT-LAMP方法在65℃恒温下扩增60min,可通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳或SYBR Green I染料肉眼判断结果,灵敏性较普通RT-PCR高100倍。该方法与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪轮状病毒(PoRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)等无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。采用该RT-LAMP对100份临床疑似发病粪便拭子、小肠组织、初乳样本进行检测,结果较RT-PCR更灵敏。因此,本研究初步建立了可用于临床PEDV检测的RT-LAMP检测方法,为PEDV的临床快速诊断和综合防控提供了一种新的手段。     

鹿流行性出血病RT-LAMP检测方法的初步建立

本实验应用反转录环介导等温扩增技术（RT-LAMP）建立了一种快速、灵敏、特异的检测鹿流行性出血病病毒（EHDV）的方法。针对EHDV-VP7基因,在基因的保守区域设计两对特异性引物,通过优化反应温度、Mg2＋浓度等,建立了EHDV RT-LAMP检测方法。实验结果表明,建立的EHDV RT-LAMP检测方法的灵敏度是普通荧光RT-PCR方法的1 000倍,且能区分EHDV、AKV和VSV病毒。     

应用RT-PCR技术诊断鸡传染性支气管炎

根据已发表的IBV4／91 attenuated株S1基因序列，设计并合成了产物约600bp的IBV特异性PCR引物对。从可疑病鸡气管、肺脏或肾脏组织中提取总RNA，用AMV反转录酶反转录后，再进行PCR扩增。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物大小。采用NDV和IBDV病料组织作阴性对照，IBV标准株M41作阳性对照。该法检测特异性强、成本低、检出率高，可有效用于鸡传染性支气管炎的早期检测和流行病学研究。     

猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立与应用

为建立简捷、灵敏的猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(SADS-CoV)检测方法,本研究针对SADS-CoV N基因片段保守区域设计特异性的反转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)引物,经条件优化后显示建立的SADS-CoV RTLAMP检测方法最佳反应条件为64℃,50 min,初步建立SADS-CoV的RT-LAMP快速检测方法。利用该方法检测SADS-CoV、猪流行性腹泻性病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(PDCoV)、猪轮状病毒(PoRV)和猪肠道病毒9型(PEV9),评估其特异性,结果显示除SADS-CoV外,该方法与其它病原无交叉反应,特异性较强;将病毒RNA 10倍倍比稀释后作为模板,利用该RT-LAMP与普通RT-PCR同时检测,结果显示,RTLAMP方法比普通RT-PCR方法的敏感性高10~3倍,敏感性较高。以同一批次或不同批次的SADS-CoV核酸为模板进行RT-LAMP试验,结果显示RT-LAMP批内批间均可稳定的检出阳性样本,表明该方法具有良好的重复性和稳定性。对经口服感染SADS-CoV和未感染仔猪的临床样本进行检测,结果显示RT-LAMP与普通RT-PCR检测结果高度一致。本实验首次建立的SADS-CoV可视化RT-LAMP检测方法具有特异性强、敏感性高,操作简便、快速和高通量检测的优点,为临床SADS-CoV感染的快速诊断和综合防控提供检测手段。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒实时荧光定量RT—PCR检测方法的建立

本试验根据GenBank中鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)基因组设计一对针对病毒vp5基因的引物和一条特异性Taq Man探针,建立了一种快速检测IBDV核酸载量的Taq Man荧光定量RT-PCR方法.通过对反应条件和反应体系的优化,使得该方法在108拷贝/μL～101拷贝/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系.能够灵敏地检测初始模板中30个拷贝的病毒核酸,其灵敏度是常规RT-PCR检测方法的100倍.该方法不与其它的禽源病毒发生非特异性反应,并且具有良好的重复性,为IBDV的定性定量检测提供了有效的工具.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.