非洲马瘟疫苗的研究进展

非洲马瘟(African horse sickness,AHS)由非洲马瘟病毒(African horse sickness virus,AHSV)感染马科动物而引起的一种非接触性传播的虫媒病毒病,为世界动物卫生组织法定报告的动物疫病,目前主要流行于亚撒哈拉非洲等地区。库蠓(Culicoides midges)是非洲马瘟的主要媒介昆虫,其在疫区的生长繁殖直接影响着该病的流行状况。非洲马瘟弱毒苗和灭活苗已经商品化并得到广泛地应用,新型基因工程疫苗,如亚单位疫苗、活病毒载体疫苗等,正在研发当中并有望将来进入疫苗市场,作者着重对ASH疫苗的研究现状进行了评述。     

非洲马瘟概况综述

介绍了非洲马瘟病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断及疫苗研究情况,分析了非洲马瘟防控现状,提出了防控非洲马瘟的目标及措施,为我国防范非洲马瘟疫情提供依据。     

浅谈非洲马瘟综合防控措施

2020年泰国爆发非洲马瘟疫情后,我国处于泰国的边境邻国位置,因此也加强了马属动物相关产品的出入境检验检疫工作以及应急监控措施。本文对非洲马瘟的病原、流行病学特征、疫苗研制以及疾病防控等方面进行阐述,使读者提高对非洲马瘟的认识,以期为马属相关行业提供非洲马瘟的相关防控建议。     

非洲马瘟在东南亚的暴发及其对云南马属动物的威胁

非洲马瘟是目前已知对马属动物危害最大的一种传染病,马感染非洲马瘟后的死亡率可高达95%。2020年,非洲马瘟首次出现在泰国和马来西亚等东南亚国家,该病经由邻国传入云南的风险越来越大。为提高兽医管理和技术人员、马属动物相关行业从业人员对该病的认识,从非洲马瘟的病毒特征、流行病学特征、临床症状、实验室诊断技术、疫苗免疫和预防控制措施等方面介绍,对非洲马瘟病毒传入云南的风险进行了简要分析,并给出相应的应对措施。     

浅谈非洲猪瘟与非洲马瘟的联防联控

正2018年8月我国首起非洲猪瘟(ASF)疫情发生,而非洲马瘟(AHS)尚未在我国发生。当前世界贸易开放化程度加大,流动性加强,且针对非洲猪瘟和非洲马瘟尚无有效药物治疗,我国各相关部门对其均保持了高度警惕。本文对比分析了非洲猪瘟与非洲马瘟的概念、生存共性、传播区别等特征,结合我国非洲马瘟的入境防控、疫苗使用、疫情制度完善、区域排查等现有的一系列     

国外

正泰国发生非洲马瘟疫情4月7日,据泰国东北地区呵叻府畜牧管理处消息,该府发生非洲马瘟疫情,已经造成168匹马死亡,22匹感染。目前专业人员已将病马隔离,并提供防控疫情指导措施。为防止非洲马瘟进一步蔓延,最有效的方法是进口马瘟疫苗,但受新冠肺炎疫情影响,进口疫苗受阻。该府境内北冲县23个养马场发生非洲马瘟疫情,马匹患     

非洲马瘟病毒VP7蛋白研究进展

非洲马瘟(African horse sickness, AHS)是由非洲马瘟病毒(African horse sickness virus, AHSV)引起的一种通过库蜢等昆虫传播的、主要感染马科动物的传染病。我国是世界动物卫生组织认可的非洲马瘟无疫国,随着AHS疫情在东南亚的传播,增大了疫情传入我国的风险。AHSV编码了7种结构蛋白(VP1～VP7),其中VP7是病毒内衣壳蛋白的主要组成部分,在AHSV 9个血清型中高度保守,常作检测的靶标。此外,VP7蛋白的自组装特点对于AHSV亚单位疫苗和病毒样颗粒疫苗(VLP)的研究有基础性作用。对当前AHSV VP7蛋白相关研究进展进行了综述,以期为AHSV检测方法及疫苗等研究提供参考。     

用胶固补体吸收试验诊断非洲马瘟

在目前的研究中,胶固补体吸收试验不仅已用于对非洲马瘟的实验性诊断,而且也用于对非洲马瘟野外病例的诊断。本试验统一使用的抗原,是由实验感染马采集的感染脾脏的悬液,并以马制备高免血清。作为抗原/抗体对照,发现本试验是特异的。用不是死于非洲马瘟的马的脾脏制备抗原,从来都没有发现阳性结果。本研究所获得的结果表明,这个试验可以成功地用于非洲马瘟的快速诊断。     

非洲马瘟病毒VP7蛋白原核表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立非洲马瘟病毒(African Horse Sickness Virus,AHSV)的血清学诊断方法,本研究构建了非洲马瘟病毒VP7蛋白的原核表达质粒pET-32a-VP7,诱导表达后使用Ni-NTA对可溶性VP7蛋白亲和纯化,以重组VP7蛋白作为包被抗原,优化建立检测血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,并对该方法进行敏感性、特异型和重复性验证,表明该方法的检测效果良好。本研究为非洲马瘟的血清检测试剂盒的开发提供的相关参考。     

用免疫荧光法检查组织中非洲马瘟病毒抗原

非洲马瘟是对马匹的一种潜在性的威胁。人们公认,42个已知的非洲马瘟病毒株含有相同的抗原成份,但是含量比例不同。因此,一种共同的抗体反应,可以作为诊断非洲马瘟病毒的手段。荧光抗体法已经广泛用于诊断象犬瘟热、狂犬病、伪狂犬病、猪霍乱、流行性感冒和牛病毒性腹泻等病毒性疾病。Mirchamsy和Tas-limi以及Ozawa也使用了荧光抗体反应,研究非洲马瘟病毒在细胞培养物中的生长情况。     

A review of African horse sickness and its implications for Ireland

ABSTRACT: African horse sickness is an economically highly important non-contagious but infectious Orbivirus disease that is transmitted by various species of Culicoides midges. The equids most severely affected by the virus are horses, ponies, and European donkeys; mules are somewhat less susceptible, and African donkeys and zebra are refractory to the devastating consequences of infection. In recent years, Bluetongue virus, an Orbivirus similar to African horse sickness, which also utilises Culicoides spp. as its vector, has drastically increased its range into previously unaffected regions in northern Europe, utilising indigenous vector species, and causing widespread economic damage to the agricultural sector. Considering these events, the current review outlines the history of African horse sickness, including information concerning virus structure, transmission, viraemia, overwintering ability, and the potential implications that an outbreak would have for Ireland. While the current risk for the introduction of African horse sickness to Ireland is considered at worst 'very low', it is important to note that prior to the 2006 outbreak of Bluetongue in northern Europe, both diseases were considered to be of equal risk to the United Kingdom ('medium-risk'). It is therefore likely that any outbreak of this disease would have serious socio-economic consequences for Ireland due to the high density of vulnerable equids and the prevalence of Culicoides species, potentially capable of vectoring the virus.     

African Horse Sickness Fever in Vaccinated Horses: Short Communication

Our investigation has shown that multiple vaccinations with inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) vaccines containing all 9 serotypes and produced at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory in Dubai, UAE, protect horses from AHS. However, the immunization did not prevent African horse sickness fever (AHSF) in approximately 10% of the vaccinated horses despite high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralizing antibodies. African horse sickness fever is a very mild form of AHS with similar clinical signs. From all 6 horses which had developed AHSF, no virus was isolated from EDTA blood withdrawn during the acute phase of infection. Despite high neutralizing antibodies, serotype 9 was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 4 of them. All 6 horses recovered within 72 hours, after they developed mild clinical signs of AHS.     

非洲马瘟间接ELISA方法的建立及初步应用

为建立检测非洲马瘟间接酶联免疫吸附试验方法,利用重组杆状病毒感染昆虫细胞表达出具有良好抗原性的VP7蛋白,将感染VP7重组杆状病毒的昆虫细胞裂解液作为包被抗原,通过优化包被抗原浓度、二抗稀释度等,建立了检测非洲马瘟的间接ELISA方法,并进行了初步运用。结果表明,直接利用真核细胞表达VP7蛋白的昆虫细胞裂解液作为包被液可成功建立检测非洲马瘟的间接ELISA方法。     

African horse sickness in naturally infected,immunised horses

To determine whether subclinical cases, together with clinical cases, of African horse sickness (AHS) occur in immunised horses in field conditions, whole blood samples were collected and rectal temperatures recorded weekly from 50 Nooitgedacht ponies resident in open camps at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, during 2008–2010. The samples were tested for the presence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) RNA by a recently developed real‐time RT‐PCR. It was shown that 16% of immunised horses in an AHS endemic area were infected with AHSV over a 2 year period, with half of these (8%) being subclinically infected. The potential impact of such cases on the epidemiology of AHS warrants further investigation.     

Rapid and sensitive detection of African horse sickness virus by real-time PCR

A highly sensitive and specific TaqMan-MGB real-time RT-PCR assay has been developed and standardised for the detection of African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Primers and MGB probe specific for AHSV were selected within a highly conserved region of genome segment 7. The robustness and general application of the diagnostic method were verified by the detection of 12 AHSV isolates from all of the nine serotypes. The analytical sensitivity ranged from 0.001 to 0.15 TCID₅₀ per reaction, depending on the viral serotype. Real-time PCR performance was preliminarily assessed by analysing a panel of field equine samples. The same primer pair was used to standardise a conventional RT-PCR as an affordable, useful and simple alternative method in laboratories without access to real-time PCR instruments. The two techniques present novel tools to improve the molecular diagnosis of African horse sickness (AHS).     

Review article: actual danger to the domestic animal populations of exotic animal epidemics

Most of the formerly important virus diseases like foot-and-mouth disease and enzootic bovine leukosis were eradicated in the Federal Republic of Germany during the recent decades. However, there is a continuous menace of our domestic animal population by exotic virus epidemics related to the concentration of animals in large farms, the intensified international trade of animals and their meat or milk products, and the introduction of a common European market starting in 1992. This view is emphasized by the recent outbreaks of African horse sickness in Spain in 1987/1988. In this article, foot-and-mouth disease and African horse sickness will be described as potentially dangerous virus epidemics. Furthermore, the occurrence of formerly unknown diseases has to be considered. Haemorrhagic disease of rabbits which was recently introduced in Germany is an example of new developments in virus epidemics. These three diseases, their epidemiology and the biology of the corresponding viruses will be discussed in detail.     

An attempt to define the host range for African horse sickness virus (Orbivirus, Reoviridae) in east Africa, by a serological survey in some Equidae, Camelidae, Loxodontidae and Carnivore.

A survey was carried out in horse, zebra, elephant, camel, sheep and goat and wild carnivore sera for virus-serum neutralising antibody to the nine type strains of African horse sickness virus. Antibody was found amongst the horse, zebra and elephant sera to all nine different strains. No antibody was detected in any sera from camels, sheep and goats. None was found in sera from hyaena and jackals in this series but had been detected earlier.