毕节山区生猪引种杂交效果及高效养殖技术研究

为推动毕节山区生猪品种改良,试验引进长白猪、大约克、杜洛克进行培育,于2个繁殖周期测定,开展了长白猪与大约克二元杂交、杜洛克与长白猪×大约克三元杂交试验。结果表明:引进大约克、长白猪、杜洛克猪在毕节山区养殖,各项生产指标平均值均达到原种标准指标,大约克的达标率93.2%、长白猪的达标率97.2%、杜洛克达标率85.2%。以长白猪为父本、大约克为母本进行二元杂交,后代的生长速度比纯种长白猪提高7.95%(P0.05),比纯种大约克提高8.97%(P0.05)。以杜洛克为终端父本与长×大二元杂母本进行三元杂交仔猪断奶重提高9.55%(P0.05)、平均日增重提高7.49%(P0.05);瘦肉率提高5.30%(P0.05)。研究表明,大约克、长白猪、杜洛克适应在毕节山区养殖,采取杂交可以显著提高猪的生长性能,商品组以"杜×长×大"三元杂交组合效果最好。     

鲁西黑猪的杂交优势利用

为了测定鲁西黑猪的杂交优势利用效果,试验以鲁西黑猪为母本开展二元杂交和三元杂交。结果表明:与杜洛克、长白猪和大白猪二元杂交,杜黑组是最佳组合;杜洛克做终端父本,与长黑、大黑和杜黑二元杂种母猪开展三元杂交,杜大黑组最优,符合杂交优势规律。     

杜洛克、大白、长白猪的生长和肉用性状杂交效果研究

为筛选优化杂交组合,进行了杜洛克（杜）、大白（大）、长白（长）品种间杂交试验,测定了不同品种组合的生长速度、饲料转化率、胴体和肉质性状及其杂种优势率。结果表明,杜洛克、父系大白猪作终端父本与长大杂母猪杂交,其后代的日增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、胴体长、眼肌面积、后腿比例、瘦肉率及肉质等主要性状均无显著差异。     

新清平猪及杂交后代胴体品质和肉质的研究

清平猪为我国优良地方猪种,以其妊娠期短而著称。新清平猪以清平猪为母本、导入50%杜洛克血统,经横交固定继代选育,性能测定和综合选择等措施,经群体闭锁多世代选育而成,其胴体瘦肉率达52.6%,背膘厚为33 9 mm,眼肌面积为33 9 cm~2。以新清平猪为母本,用大白或长白为父本杂交的二元杂交猪平均屠宰率73.0%,胴体瘦肉率58 6%,背膘厚27 4 mm,系水力94 2%,肌内脂肪含量3.4%;大×长×清、长×大×清三元杂交猪平均屠宰率74.1%,胴体瘦肉率63.5%,背膘厚21.6 mm,系水力94 7%,肌内脂肪含量2.0%。新清平猪胴体品质和肉质具有较高的杂交利用价值。     

太湖猪与国外瘦肉型猪杂交效果

<正> 本试验以太湖猪的二花脸、梅山、枫径、横径4个类群为母本,长白、大约克、杜洛克、汉普夏为父本进行二元杂交试验,并继续以F_1为母本,以长白、大约克、杜洛克、汉普夏为父本进行三元杂交试验,观察了二元杂交母猪繁殖性能及各杂交组合肉猪的生产性能(日增重,饲料报酬)和产肉量(屠宰率、瘦肉率)等性状、探讨其杂交利用价值。     

新疆瘦肉型白猪不同杂交组合生产性能比较试验

采用新疆瘦肉型白猪为母本,长白、大约克、杜洛克为父本的6个不同的二、三元杂交组合和新疆瘦肉型白猪为对照进行生产性能比较试验。测定了各组合的繁殖性能、肥育性能、胴体品质和肉质,结果表明,以新疆瘦肉型白猪为母本的二、三元杂交,其效果均较理想,最佳组合杜×长新日增重820g,料重比3.21,瘦肉率63.43%,肉质优良。新疆瘦肉型白猪具有较高的繁殖性能和良好的肉品质量,是杂交配套中理想的母本品种,杜洛克是杂交瘦肉猪生产中的适宜终端父本。     

不同杂交组合猪胴体品质及肉质性状的比较研究

为探讨不同杂交组合育肥猪胴体品质及肉质性状的差异,选用体重30 kg左右的长×大、巴×长×大、杜×长×大3种杂交阉猪各15头,饲养至100 kg左右,每组选6头进行屠宰试验,测定胴体品质与肉质性状.试验结果显示,3个杂交组合的猪都符合优质瘦肉型猪的要求,杜×长×大组的胴体性状最好,其屠宰率、眼肌面积、瘦肉率显著高于长×大组(P＜0.05);巴×长×大组的肉质性状最好,其肉色、大理石纹显著优于杜×长×大组和长×大组(P＜0.05).结果表明,杜×长×大组的胴体性状较好,巴×长×大组的肉质性状较好,采用杜洛克做杂交父本可提高后代猪的胴体性状,采用巴克夏做杂交父本可提高后代猪的肉质性状.     

不同类型肥育猪生长性能及胴体性状的研究

作者主要探讨不同类型猪在生长性能与肌肉品质的差异。挑选50 kg 左右的鄂西黑猪(脂肪型)、长大二元杂交猪(瘦肉型)、长♂×(野♂×鄂♀) ♀(中间型)三元杂交阉公猪各24头,饲养至100 kg左右屠宰,每个品种屠宰6头,进行生长性能、胴体性状与肉质性状的测定。研究结果表明,长大二元杂交猪的生长速度显著高于鄂西黑猪(P<0.05),而与长野鄂杂交猪差异不显著(P>0.05)。长大二元杂交猪的屠宰率、瘦肉率和眼肌面积显著高于鄂西黑猪和长野鄂杂交猪(P<0.05),而料重比、背膘厚显著低于鄂西黑猪(P<0.05)。长大二元杂交猪的肌肉pH2、滴水损失和剪切力显著高于鄂西黑猪,而肌肉评分显著低于鄂西黑猪(P<0.05),而长野鄂杂交猪的肉质与长大二元杂交猪和鄂西黑猪差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

贵州黔南黑猪不同杂交组合后代的繁殖、生长和胴体性能比较

为了探索出能够提高黔南黑猪繁殖、生长和胴体性能的途径,筛选出优质黔南黑猪杂交组合配套系,以黔南黑猪和二元杂交猪为母本,杜洛克为终端父本,开展杜黔(杜♂×黔♀)、杜大黔(杜♂×大黔♀)、杜长黔(杜♂×长黔♀)和杜长大(杜♂×长大♀)杂交试验,在饲养管理环境和营养水平相同条件下,对杂交后代的生产性能进行测定,比较不同组合的后代的杂交性能。结果显示:杜黔组的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数和每窝断奶仔猪数均高于其他杂交组,差异显著(P0.05);杜黔组的断奶仔猪死亡率均低于其他杂交组,与杜长大组差异显著(P0.05);杜黔组的出生重较其他杂交组低,且与杜长黔组和杜长大组差异显著(P0.05),而出生窝重与杜长大组差异不显著(P0.05);21日龄重,杜黔组较杜长大组差异显著(P0.05),杜大黔和杜长黔与杜长大组差异显著(P0.05);30日龄断奶窝重,杜黔组与杜长黔和杜大黔组差异不显著(P0.05),但与杜长大组差异显著(P0.05);杜黔组与其他3组日增重差异显著(P0.05),杜长大组最高,杜黔组最低;平均料重比杜黔组最大,杜长大组最小,且差异显著(P0.05);平均始重、平均末重、饲料总消耗量、平均日采食量各组差异不显著(P0.05)。杜黔组猪的胴体重、瘦肉率、脂率、眼肌面积和其他3组差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明:通过杂交改良可显著提高黔南黑猪生产性能,其中以杜长黔和杜大黔杂交效果较好。     

宗地花猪二元和三元杂交猪生产性能的研究

为了研究宗地花猪与地方猪种杂交效果,筛选出一套能提高宗地花猪生产性能的利用方案,试验利用宗地花猪与黔北黑猪和江口萝卜猪进行二元和三元杂交,获得宗黔二元杂交猪和宗江黔三元杂交猪,将其与纯种宗地花猪进行育肥和屠宰对比研究。结果表明:宗黔二元猪和宗江黔三元猪的育肥性能优于宗地花猪,其中宗江黔三元猪的生长速度最快(P0.05),宗黔二元猪的饲料报酬最高;宗江黔三元猪的屠宰率显著高于宗地花猪(P0.05),但宗黔二元猪和宗江黔三元猪的瘦肉率较宗地花猪降低(P0.05)。说明利用宗地花猪与黔北黑猪进行二元杂交可在一定程度上提高杂交后代的饲料利用率,与江口萝卜猪和黔北黑猪进行三元杂交可提高杂交后代的生长速度和屠宰率。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。