填饲对朗德鹅血液指标、组织营养成分以及肝脏组织学的影响

通过对6只110日龄朗德鹅进行高能饲料填饲,测定和观察血清生化指标、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中营养成分和肝脏组织学变化。结果显示,填饲20d后鹅肝脏重量显著提高(P0.01),血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白水平显著增加(P0.01),其中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶在填肥过程中呈现出先升高后降低,与人类肝脏酶学研究结果一致;脂肪主要在肝脏沉积,其他组织无明显差异,蛋白质在肝脏中相对增加;填饲朗德鹅肝脏细胞胀大,肝细胞胞浆中充满大量大小不等的脂肪滴。这些结果为鹅生理和病理研究、肥肝生产及其遗传选育提供基本参考。     

郎德鹅不同填饲期的肥肝性能及相关血液指标测定

试验测定了郎德鹅不同填饲期（16 d、21 d、26 d）的肥肝性能及相关血液指标。结果表明,以填饲21 d取肝效果最佳,平均肝重615.1±122.1 g,料肝比最低（22.46∶1）,26 d取肝则肝重增加不大（P〉0.05）,而料肝比增加13.62%（25.52∶1）。填饲后血液TG、CHO浓度增加,HDL-c、LDL-c提高,但TP提高较少,ALB、GLO及A/G变化较小;ALT、AST、LDH等碳水化合物代谢相关酶类则明显增加,MAO、CHE、GGT增加,ALP、ADA下降。HDL、LDL-c及TG、CHO等与16d肥肝重呈较强正相关,TBA、ALT、AST等与26d肥肝重呈正相关。     

填饲能量相同时不同油脂对肉鸭肥肝质量的影响

本研究旨在探讨填饲能量相同条件下,大豆油和鱼油对樱桃谷肉鸭产肝性能和肥肝品质的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选用60只体重一致的8周龄樱桃谷肉公鸭,随机分成3个处理,每个处理20个重复,每个重复1只鸭.填饲期为21 d,第1～7天3个处理均填饲玉米饲粮,第8～21天处理1填饲玉米饲粮,处理2和处理3分别填饲在玉米饲粮中添加3%大豆油和3%鱼油的饲粮,各处理填饲能量相同.结果表明:产肝性能随填饲时间延长而提高(P<0.01);填饲3周后,鱼油组平均肝重301.89 g、料肝比37.25、肝体比5.15,均与玉米组和大豆油组差异极显著(P<0.01);鱼油组肥肝的粗脂肪含量极显著高于玉米组和大豆油组(P<0.01);肝脏组织切片表明,随着填饲时间增加,肝脏中脂肪滴增加,且鱼油组脂肪滴最多、最大,表现融合;鱼油组和大豆油组均可极显著降低肥肝中的饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.01),提高不饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.01),特别是鱼油能提高二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量(P<0.01),大豆油可提高亚油酸和亚麻酸含量(P<0.01).以上结果可以看出,在填饲能量相同条件下,填饲第8～21天添加鱼油可提高樱桃谷肉鸭的产肝性能和肥肝品质;添加大豆油对产肝性能无显著影响,但可调控肝脏脂肪酸组成.     

性别、体重及气温对鹅肥肝重的影响

本研究通过填饲试验研究体重、性别对鹅肥肝重的影响,同时结合2014年全年肥肝生产记录及当地气温资料研究气温对鹅肥肝重的影响,以期为肥肝鹅的生产和育种工作提供参考资料。选择415只10周龄健康朗德鹅,开展为期28 d的填饲试验,测定填饲前、填饲后体重,屠宰后测定肝脏重和腹脂重,采集血样,提取DNA后用于鉴定填饲鹅性别,同时收集2014年全年7 007只肥肝鹅肝脏重数据,结合每月的平均气温数据,分析气温对鹅肥肝生产的影响。结果表明,家鹅填饲前后体重及填饲期增重与肝脏重呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.40、0.62和0.46,均为极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,其中,填饲后体重极显著影响肥肝重（P < 0.01）;公、母鹅体重相近时性别对肥肝重无显著差异（P > 0.05）;气温对填饲效果具有极显著影响（P < 0.01）,填饲工作宜在13.6~25.2 ℃的温度下开展,20.3 ℃为最适宜填饲气温,气温越高肥肝重越小。综上所述,温度是保证填饲成功的最基本条件;可通过体重间接选育肝用型鹅品种;性别对肝脏重无显著影响。     

浙东白鹅与郎德鹅杂种后代屠宰性能与肥肝性状的相关分析

通过浙东白鹅与郎德鹅及其级进杂交后代F1、F2,填饲16d、21d、26d的屠宰性能和肥肝性状测定数据的相关分析,F2体重比F1略有减轻,肥肝重则增加60.2g,提高12.19%。由此说明浙东白鹅级进杂交不影响郎德鹅的肥肝性状表现;填肥前体重与肥肝重相关性弱,而宰前体重与肥肝重相关性强,体脂沉积水平与肥肝重的r低于0.3;从填饲时间看,填饲21d屠宰肥肝性能最佳。     

卵泡抑素样蛋白5基因在鹅肥肝形成中表达调控的研究

试验旨在探讨卵泡抑素样蛋白5(FSTL5)基因与鹅(Anser Cygnoides)肥肝形成的关系。试验选取30只健康、体重基本一致的70日龄朗德鹅,随机分为填饲组(15只)和对照组(15只)。在填饲到82日龄(填饲12 d)和94日龄(填饲24 d)时屠宰取样。此外,分离培养鹅原代肝细胞,并用葡萄糖、胰岛素和不同脂肪酸进行处理。结果显示:填饲后期肝脏和腹脂中FSTL5基因的表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而胸肌中的表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在鹅原代肝细胞中,100 nmol/L胰岛素或0.25 mmol/L亚油酸能诱导FSTL5的表达(P<0.05)。综上所述,肝脏、脂肪与肌肉组织中的FSTL5表达在鹅肥肝形成后期受到显著影响,脂肪肝形成相关因子特别是胰岛素和亚油酸可诱导FSTL5的表达。研究结果为进一步研究FSTL5基因在鹅肥肝形成过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

鹅肥肝的生产及其FAS活性测定

以黄玉米为主要饲料,配以自制添加剂,分组对朗德鹅进行数周强制填饲,同时进行鹅肥肝的生产和肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性的测定.试验结果表明朗德鹅在不同填饲时期的产肝性能不相同,填饲四周后,平均肥肝重573.6g,最大的肥肝重量达800.4g;不同填饲时期鹅肥肝的脂肪酸合成酶活性也不一致,肥肝平均FAS活性高达1372.6(U/mL).本研究为提高鹅肥肝品质以及探讨其形成分子机理奠定了基础.     

填饲对鹅胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2基因表达的影响

研究旨在探讨填饲对朗德鹅胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2(IGFBP2)基因在肝脏、胸肌和腹脂中表达的影响,将30只70日龄朗德鹅分为填饲组(15只)和对照组(15只),分别于77(填饲7 d)、84(填饲14 d)和89(填饲19 d)日龄采集填饲组和对照组的组织样本。采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定朗德鹅不同填饲阶段IGFBP2基因在肝脏、胸肌和腹脂中的表达情况。结果发现:各阶段填饲组肝脏中IGFBP2基因的表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05),且随着填饲时间的延长,表达水平下降趋势更加显著;胸肌中IGFBP2基因的表达量在填饲的第7和19天与对照组相当,而在第14天则显著低于对照组(P0.05);腹脂中IGFBP2基因的表达量在填饲的第7天和第14天显著低于对照组(P0.05),而在填饲第19天时,IGFBP2基因的表达量在填饲组与对照组间差异不显著。结果表明,IGFBP2基因的表达与鹅肥肝的形成密切相关,为深入研究IGFBP2基因在肥肝形成过程中的作用奠定基础。     

鹅肥肝性状与血清蛋白的变化规律研究

为测定鹅填肥过程中血清TP、ALB、GLO等体征性蛋白质含量的变化规律,选择110日龄郎德鹅88羽,分22笼进行填肥饲养,测定填肥0 d、3 d、9 d、15 d、21 d、26 d后的血清TP、ALB、GLO及A/G、HDL-C、LDL-C等含量。结果表明,TP、ALB、GLO等体征性蛋白质含量保持平衡,变幅较小;21 d肥肝重与血清蛋白指标的相关系数（r）呈弱相关;其中HDL-C、LDL-C填前与21 d肥肝重呈负相关,r分别为-0.0589、-0.0329。     

浅析鹅、鸭肥肝生产的填肥技术

肥肝是采用人工强制填饲,使鹅、鸭的肝脏在短期内大量积贮脂肪等营养物质,体积迅速增大,形成比普通肝脏重5～6倍,甚至十几倍的肥肝.由于其质地细腻,味鲜而别具风味,越来越受到广大消费者的青睐。     

Effect of Gender,Body Weight and Temperature on Goose Fatty Liver Weight

The present study was designed to analyse the factors influencing fatty liver weight.Taking the overfeeding results in 2014 and the local temperature together,effects of gender,temperature and body weight on fatty liver weight were studied and the results would provide reference information for improving fatty liver production and breeding work.Totally 415 geese at 10 weeks old were overfed for 28 days.Body weight before and after overfeeding,fatty liver weights,abdominal adipose weights were measured.Blood samples of geese were collected for DNA extraction to determine the gender.The results showed that body weight before and after overfeeding and gain weight during overfeeding period were all associated with liver weight extremely significantly and the correlation coefficient were 0.40,0.62 and 0.46,respectively (P < 0.01).The body weight after overfeeding showed extremely significant effect on fatty liver weight (P < 0.01).Gender showed no significant effect on liver weight when the body weight were similar between female and male geese (P > 0.05).Effect of temperature on liver weight was extremely significant (P < 0.01).Overfeeding work should be conducted between 13.6 to 25.2 ℃ and the optimal temperature was 20.3 ℃.Higher temperature would result in reduction of fatty liver weight.In summary,temperature was a fundamental guarantee for fatty liver production and body weight was an indirect selecting index when cultivate a breed specific for fatty liver.Further,gender showed no significant effects on fatty liver weight.     

肥肝鹅恢复期血液生化指标、肝脏常规营养成分及脂代谢相关基因表达水平的变化研究

试验旨在研究朗德鹅填饲形成肥肝及恢复后其体重、肝脏重、腹脂重、常规营养成分、血液生化指标和肝脏中与脂代谢相关基因的表达变化情况,为进一步阐明鹅肥肝的恢复或保护机制提供依据。将18只70日龄朗德鹅随机分为3组(每组6只):组1为对照组,用玉米饲料进行常规饲喂;组2为填饲组,填饲玉米饲料19 d;组3为填饲19 d后再用玉米饲料常规饲养20 d进行肝脏恢复。结果显示,与组2相比,组3鹅体重、肝脏重均极显著降低(P<0.01),而腹脂重下降不显著(P>0.05);与组2相比,组3肝脏水分、灰分和粗蛋白质均显著上升(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05),但与组1相比,除水分外,各项指标均无显著变化(P>0.05);与组2相比,组3血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度与组2相比均显著下降(P<0.05),但与组1相比,均无显著差异(P>0.05);与组2相比,组3肝脏中脂肪酸脱氢酶(FADS1)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD1)和细胞色素P450 2C45(CYP2C45)基因的表达量均显著下降(P<0.05),但与组1相比均无显著变化(P>0.05)。综上所述,本研究从不同层面揭示了鹅肥肝的可逆性,为深入研究鹅肥肝的恢复或保护机制,促进动物脂肪肝问题的解决奠定了基础。     

Study on Changes of Blood Chemistry Indexes,Hepatic Routine Nutritional Composition and Expression of Lipid Metabolism-associated Genes during the Recovery of Geese with Fatty Livers

This experiment aimed to determine the changes of body weight, liver weight, abdominal fat weight, hepatic routine nutritional composition, blood biochemistry indexes, as well as mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes during the recovery of Landes geese with fatty liver, which provided the basis for the further elucidation of the recovery or protection mechanism of goose fat liver.18 Landes geese were divided into three groups (6 gees in each group).Group 1 was control group, in which the geese were fed with boiled maize;Group 2 was the overfeeding group without recovery, in which the geese were overfed with a maize-based diet for 19 days;And group 3 was the overfeeding group with 20-day recovery, in which the geese were overfed with the maize-based diet for 19 days followed by feeding boiled maize for 20-day recovery.The results showed that compared with group 2, the body weight and liver weight of the geese in group 3 decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01), and the abdominal fat weights undecreased significantly (P>0.05);Moreover, the percentages of nutrients including water, ash, CP of livers in group 3 increased significantly (P<0.05), while the percentage of EE decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference for these variables between groups 1 and 3 (P>0.05) except water.In regard to blood biochemistry indexes, the contents of blood ALT, AST, TG and HDL-C in group 3 decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference from those of group 1 (P>0.05).The mRNA expression levels of FADS1, SCD1 and CYP2C45 in group 3 decreased significantly compared with group 1 (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference between groups 1 and 3 (P>0.05).In summary, this study demonstrated the recoverability of goose fatty liver at different layers, and thus laid a foundation for further investigation on the recovery or protective mechanism of goose fatty liver and found the solution to resolve the problems related to animal fatty liver.     

基于SPSS聚类分析的鹅肥肝重量分级标准研究

本文以鹅肥肝为研究对象,研究不同重量的鹅肥肝理化与物性的变化规律,以确定鹅肥肝重量分级标准。选取200只,体重相似的150日龄健康青农灰鹅进行填饲。预饲期7d,填饲期30d,分别在填饲0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21、24、27、30d选取10只体重相近的鹅进行屠宰取肝,并将11次收集的鹅肥肝按重量分成11个组,每个组随机取6个肝进行理化与物性测定。结果显示,肝重、水分和蛋白含量显著负相关(P<0.01),与粗脂肪、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、总不饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸的含量显著正相关(P<0.01)。肝重与硬度、红色色度值显著负相关(P<0.01),与弹性、色泽亮度和黄色色度值显著正相关(三随P级肝<0,重.300量1)0增。g<加聚m而类≤提分60高析0g,确;而四定水级的分,鹅≤、蛋肥30白肝0、g质硬。量度鹅适和肥宜红肝等色中级色粗为度脂:值肪一随、级脂肥,肪>肝酸8重0、0量弹g;增性二加、级亮而,度6减0值0少g、<。黄m鹅色≤肥色80肝度0按值g;重量分成4个等级比较科学。     

围产期奶牛脂肪肝生物标志物受试者工作特征曲线分析

[目的] 通过受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic，ROC）曲线筛选诊断脂肪肝生物标志物的最佳临界值。[方法] 随机采集77头产后7 d中国荷斯坦奶牛血清，测定生理生化指标。根据Reid方程计算的Y值将奶牛分为正常组（Y>1）和脂肪肝组（Y<1），比较两组奶牛血清指标的差异，并与Y值进行相关性分析，筛选组间差异与相关性显著的指标作为生物标志物，用ROC曲线评估生物标志物的AUC值、诊断敏感性与特异性和最佳临界值。将Reid方程诊断脂肪肝的准确率作为标准，用非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、谷草转氨酶（AST）的最佳临界值检测461头奶牛患脂肪肝的情况。[结果] 生理生化检测结果表明NEFA、葡萄糖（Glu）、AST、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）在2组间差异极显著（P<0.01），总蛋白（TP）组间差异显著（P<0.05），其他指标两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；NEFA、Glu、AST、ALT、TP、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、胰岛素（Ins）、胰高血糖素（Gln）与Y值显著相关（P<0.05），可作为生物标志物；NEFA、AST、ALT和Gln的AUC值>0.5能准确诊断脂肪肝，诊断敏感性分别为81.8%、72.7%、63.6%和54.5%，特异性分别为92.8%、89.4%、84.8%和69.7%，最佳临界值分别为471.74 μmol/L、95.50 U/L、46.50 U/L和64.60 ng/mL。用NEFA、AST和NEFA+AST最佳临界值诊断脂肪肝的准确率分别高达89.96%、73.49%和69.08%。Y值诊断发病率为54.01%，NEFA、AST、NEFA+AST诊断出的发病率分别为48.59%、39.70%和37.31%。[结论] NEFA、AST、ALT和Gln可用于快速、准确地诊断脂肪肝。     

Efficacy of sodium borate in the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cows

The effects of sodium borate (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o., 15 days) from a month before expected calving until a month after calving were evaluated in dairy cows susceptible to fatty liver. Cows received either sodium borate (n = 13) or no treatment (n = 10). All cows had mild fatty livers and increased plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. The control group of cows developed significant fatty liver after calving, and 2 of them had severe fatty liver associated with clinical and biochemical abnormalities. There were no clinicopathological signs related to sodium borate administration. Serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations before calving decreased significantly at calving and after calving in controls, and they were within the normal range only after calving. There were significant alterations during the experiment in some hematological and chemical variables between groups, within period, but they were within the normal range. Unlike treated cows, serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations correlated with liver fat content after calving in untreated cows. Our results document that sodium borate decreases the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows during early lactation.     

茶多酚对朗德鹅产肝性能、屠宰性能及体脂沉积的影响

将14周龄、体重相近的健康公朗德鹅150只随机分成5组,每组30只,每只一个重复。对照组(第1组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组(第2～5组)在基础日粮中分别添加40、80、160、320mg/kg的茶多酚。试验结果:第4组肝重、肝屠比与对照组和第5组差异均显著(P<0.05),肝体比与对照组和第5组差异均极显著(P<0.01);添加茶多酚对朗德鹅屠宰性能和肝外脂肪沉积的影响差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加茶多酚为160mg/kg时,朗德鹅产肝性能最佳。     

饲料中添加发酵中药对文昌鸡肝毒性研究

中药渣经微生物发酵可减少抗营养因子,增强功效,试验旨在研究饲料添加发酵中药渣对文昌鸡肝脏毒性影响。试验选用体重、日龄相近文昌鸡(43日龄,母)192只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复6只。发酵中药渣添加水平为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%,试验为期4周。结果显示,与组1相比,2、3、4组血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。与组1相比,2、3组肝脏组织AST含量显著升高(P<0.05);3组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量显著升高(P<0.05),4组ALT含量显著降低(P<0.05);2、3、4组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量显著升高(P<0.05);3、4组肝脏组织中GLU和总蛋白(TP)显著升高(P<0.05)。表明,饲料中添加发酵中药渣可减少文昌鸡肝细胞损伤,促进肝脏的合成代谢和贮备功能,其中以1.0%添加量最适。