国内外兽用消毒剂的研究现状与发展趋势

全面综述了国内外兽用消毒剂的研究现状与发展趋势。重点分析几类具有代表性消毒剂产品的性质、用途和发展前景,并总结和展望了兽用消毒剂产品研究和开发的新方向和趋势。国内外兽用消毒剂正向多元化和专业化方向发展。     

1. 简述兽用消毒剂分类及注册资料要求

根据农业部第442号公告发布的《兽用消毒剂分类及注册资料要求》,简述不同类别的兽用消毒剂注册资料的要求。     

简述兽用消毒剂注册分类及资料要求

根据农业部第442号公告发布的<兽用消毒剂分类及注册资料要求>,简述不同类别的兽用消毒剂注册资料的要求.     

茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇检测方法的建立

通过检测茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,并建立茶树精油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的气相色谱检测方法,为茶树精油新制剂的质量标准研究提供理论依据。采用水蒸气蒸馏法先将茶树精油兽用消毒剂中的茶树精油提取出来,再用GC法测定提取的挥发油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量。茶树精油兽用消毒剂不同批次中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇含量保持稳定;1,8-桉叶素在0.013mg/mL～0.41 mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 98),松油烯-4-醇在0.175 mg/mL～5.575mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 93),1,8-桉叶素的平均加样回收率为99.19%,RSD为1.89%(n=6),松油烯-4-醇的平均加样回收率为102.58%,RSD为1.45%(n=6)。该方法能够简便、准确、快速的测定茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,可为茶树精油兽用消毒剂的质量评价提供依据。     

规模化养殖场如何科学选择和使用兽用消毒剂

<正>消毒对于人们来说是一个相当普通的词汇,而消毒剂对于从事养殖业的人员来说对其熟悉程度一定不亚于抗生素,那么如何正确选择和使用兽用消毒剂就显得尤为重要。本文重点介绍常见消毒方法、消毒剂分类、影响消毒剂消毒效果的因素以及如何科学选着使用兽用消毒剂。     

戊二醛季铵盐复方消毒剂杀菌效果及影响因素

随着集约化养殖业的迅速发展,利用消毒剂对畜禽及其周围环境进行消毒以杀灭病原体,切断传染途径,已成为预防和控制畜禽传染病流行的一种重要措施.因此,科学评价消毒剂的杀菌性能显得尤为重要.只有严格按照相关技术规范进行评价与鉴定,才能真实地反映其杀菌效果,充分发挥消毒剂的作用.本实验室研制了一种含戊二醛和单、双链季铵盐的复方兽用消毒剂,该复方消毒剂杀菌谱广、刺激性小,适用于畜禽、畜舍和带畜消毒.为反映该消毒剂的杀菌性能,试验采用细菌悬液定量法,评价其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、溶血性链球菌C型、蜡样杆菌芽孢的杀菌效果.同时采用单因素试验法,系统研究了温度、pH,有机物等因素对消毒效果的影响,为其临床应用提供相关依据.     

苯扎溴铵－大蒜素复方消毒剂的杀菌效果试验

为了探明苯扎溴铵－大蒜素复方消毒剂的杀菌效果,根据兽用消毒剂鉴定技术规范的相关规定,用不同稀释倍数(500、1000、2000、4000倍)的该消毒剂在不同时间段(1、5、10、20 min)对5种细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、溶血性链球菌C型及蜡样芽孢杆菌)进行杀菌效果试验,同时以苯扎溴铵和大蒜油为对照试验组,观察和评价苯扎溴铵－大蒜素复方消毒剂的杀菌效果。结果表明在2000倍稀释的状态下该复方消毒剂对以上5种细菌表现出了完全的杀菌效果。因此,苯扎溴铵－大蒜素复方消毒剂在2000倍的稀释状态下能达到良好的杀菌效果,便于临床应用。     

特高消毒剂消毒作用的观察（续）

特高消毒剂消毒作用的观察（续）北京营养源研究所李平，汪锦邦按照《兽用消毒剂鉴定技术规定》试行通知第四节要求，我们分别在北京市农科院畜牧研究所、平谷县峪口养鸡总厂进行了现场消毒试验，并在本室进行了自然空气消毒试验。现将试验结果报导如下。实验方法一、自然...     

兽用消毒剂的种类及应用

新型高效复合型消毒剂以及兽用消毒剂专用表面活性剂将成为未来研究的趋势,宠物手术（器械）专用消毒剂、奶牛乳头专用消毒剂、种蛋专用消毒剂、SPF动物屏障设施专用消毒剂、生物安全实验室专用消毒剂、疫苗灭活专用消毒剂等更加细化即专业实用型消毒剂会逐渐受到人们的关注     

规模化猪场消毒剂的选择

随着规模化猪场的发展，人们已经逐步懂得了消毒的重要性。在生产中使用消毒剂消毒，已经成为消毒的一种主要方式，然而在许多猪场如何正确地选用消毒剂，一些业者尚不十分清楚，同时在消毒剂市场由于生产和销售存在着一些不规范的情况，鱼龙混杂，也给养猪生产者的选择带来困惑。目前兽用消毒剂按其成分可分为碱类消毒剂，酸类消毒剂，酚类消毒剂，醛类消毒剂、醇类消毒剂、卤素类消毒剂，氧化剂类消毒剂、季铵盐类消毒剂、挥发性烷化剂和复合型消毒剂等十类。（见表1）     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.