不同地方鸡种蛋品质比较和相关性分析

为了分析不同品种蛋鸡在相同饲养条件下蛋品质的差异,试验采用常规分析方法,测定32~34周龄海兰褐蛋鸡(对照组)、琅琊鸡、济宁百日鸡和沂蒙草鸡正常鸡蛋物理指标及营养成分。结果表明:琅琊鸡、济宁百日鸡和沂蒙草鸡蛋重显著低于海兰褐蛋鸡(P0.05),而蛋形指数、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳比率、蛋黄比率、蛋白比率显著高于海兰褐(P0.05);各品种间相比蛋比重、蛋壳厚度均无显著差异(P0.05);海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋哈氏单位最低,沂蒙草鸡鸡蛋哈氏单位低于琅琊鸡、济宁百日鸡,但无显著差异(P0.05);海兰褐蛋鸡鸡蛋蛋黄色泽、蛋壳比率、蛋黄比率、蛋白比率与3个地方鸡种相比均差异显著(P0.05)。各品种鸡蛋的粗蛋白含量均在12.5%左右(P0.05),地方品种鸡蛋粗脂肪含量显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡(P0.05),济宁百日鸡和沂蒙草鸡蛋黄胆固醇含量显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡(P0.05);而3个地方品种鸡的蛋黄卵磷脂含量显著高于海兰褐(P0.05)。随着蛋重的增加,蛋黄比率和蛋壳比率明显降低,与蛋壳比率、蛋黄比率、蛋白比率之间均呈极显著负相关(P0.01),蛋重与哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。     

汶上芦花鸡与海兰褐蛋鸡蛋品质的比较分析

为了进一步揭示地方品种与国外高产蛋鸡品种蛋品质的差异，本文以山东省地方品种汶上芦花鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡为素材，比较分析同一日龄下两个品种蛋品质差异。结果表明：蛋重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位方面，海兰蛋鸡极显著高于汶上芦花鸡（P＜0.01），在蛋壳强度、蛋比重、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色方面汶上芦花鸡极显著高于海兰蛋鸡（P＜0.01），汶上芦花鸡蛋蛋黄比例高于海兰褐蛋鸡的，但没有达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。     

河北地方品种和五种商品蛋鸡蛋品质分析

为了分析研究河北地方品种和五种商品蛋鸡蛋品质,试验测定了300日龄坝上长尾鸡、伊莎蛋鸡、海兰褐蛋鸡、海赛克斯鸡、京红蛋鸡、罗曼蛋鸡、慢羽和快羽太行鸡蛋各27枚,及400日龄坝上长尾鸡、快羽和慢羽太行鸡蛋各20枚的蛋品质。结果表明:在蛋形和蛋壳品质方面太行鸡好于其他商品蛋鸡,并且快羽太行鸡要优于慢羽太行鸡;在鸡蛋构成及品质方面,快慢羽太行鸡蛋的蛋重较小,但其他指标好于其他商品蛋鸡;快羽太行鸡的蛋黄重比慢羽太行鸡蛋大,但蛋重小。300~400日龄期间,太行鸡的蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋白重、蛋黄颜色均显著增加(P0.05),蛋壳颜色a值降低;坝上长尾鸡的蛋黄重和蛋黄率相应增加,而蛋白重、蛋白率和蛋黄颜色降低,蛋壳颜色a值增加。     

济宁百日鸡与海兰褐鸡蛋品质分析

本研究测定了济宁百日鸡与海兰褐鸡所产的鸡蛋蛋各20枚的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位以及蛋黄比例和蛋黄中胆固醇、铁、钙、锌、硒的含量,结果显示,海兰褐蛋重显著大于济宁百日鸡,但两品种鸡蛋品质在蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度方面无显著性差异(P0.05);其中海兰褐蛋鸡在蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度稍微优于济宁百日鸡,济宁百日鸡在蛋黄比率、以及蛋黄中的胆固醇含量、铁、锌、硒等含量显著高于海兰褐(P0.05)。     

阿克鸡和武定鸡的蛋品质研究

为了阐明云南省地方鸡品种阿克鸡、武定鸡的蛋品质特征,试验以43周龄海兰褐蛋鸡为对照,采用常规方法测定阿克鸡组、武定鸡组、海兰褐蛋鸡组鸡蛋的蛋品质,并采用主成分分析法对蛋品质指标进行降维分析,以评定不同鸡种蛋品质的优劣。结果表明：海兰褐蛋鸡组蛋重(64.50 g)最大,显著高于武定鸡(54.97 g)组和阿克鸡(54.59 g)组(P<0.05);3组间蛋比重差异显著(P<0.05);武定鸡组和海兰褐蛋鸡组蛋壳厚度显著高于阿克鸡组(P<0.05);武定鸡组蛋壳强度显著高于阿克鸡组和海兰褐蛋鸡组(P<0.05);武定鸡组和阿克鸡组蛋形指数、蛋黄重、蛋黄比率、哈氏单位均显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡组(P<0.05)。3组间水分、粗脂肪和三酰甘油含量差异显著(P<0.05),粗灰分、钙、磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05);海兰褐蛋鸡组粗蛋白含量显著高于阿克鸡组(P<0.05),武定鸡组与阿克鸡组和海兰褐蛋鸡组比较均差异不显著(P>0.05);阿克鸡组总胆固醇含量显著低于武定鸡组(P<0.05),海兰褐蛋鸡组与武定鸡组和阿克鸡组比较均差异不显著(P...     

同一保种基地内地方鸡种蛋品质的比较与分析

为比较保种基地内各地方鸡种蛋品质的变化情况,在该基地按统一方式饲养的10个地方鸡群同日所产的鸡蛋中,各选择具备该鸡种特征的蛋30枚,进行蛋品质测定、主成分分析和各品种鸡蛋品质的同质性分析。结果表明:异地保种后各鸡种蛋的品质均有所下降,并趋于同质化;异地保种鸡的蛋重平均降幅达到了18.27%,且鸡种间蛋重的降幅差异明显(P<0.05);现有评价蛋品质的指标,其重要性从大到小依次为蛋壳厚度、蛋壳颜色、蛋重、蛋黄相对重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位。     

三个品种蛋鸡的蛋品质比较分析

选用30-35周龄的蛋鸡三个品种:东乡绿壳鸡、伊莎鸡和仙居鸡.在相同的饲养条件下,随机收集3个品种蛋鸡同日所产新鲜蛋各5枚,连续5周,总共525枚.测定了蛋重、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位等蛋品质指标.结果表明:平均蛋重的大小为伊莎鸡＞东乡绿壳鸡＞仙居鸡;蛋白高度,两个地方品种蛋鸡之间无显著差异,二者均与伊莎鸡存在极显著差异;蛋黄颜色,东乡绿壳鸡与仙居鸡、伊莎鸡均存在极显著差异;哈氏单位,三者之间均无显著差异.通过比较地方优良品种蛋鸡与国外引进品种蛋鸡的鸡蛋品质指标,为禽蛋产品的利用和开发提供参考.     

不同类型鸡蛋物理性状的测定与分析

通过对20个白壳和48个褐壳新鲜商品蛋鸡鸡蛋的主要物理性状指标进行测定、计算,取得了这两种类型鸡蛋的蛋型指数、蛋壳厚度,蛋黄、蛋白和蛋壳在总蛋重中各自所占的比例及蛋的比重等物理性状指标。通过分析,分别得出了不同品种鸡群所产鸡蛋的蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋重与蛋壳比例、蛋壳比例与蛋的比重、蛋壳厚度与蛋壳的比例、蛋重与蛋的比重等几对性状之间的相关系数,并对它们进行了显著性检验。对两种类型鸡蛋的物理性状和几种性状之间相关系数进行了对比。     

温州地区四个品种鸡蛋品质比较分析

为研究温州地区不同鸡种间的蛋品质差异,试验对温州地区具有代表性的4个品种鸡蛋品质进行测定。结果表明:绿雁鸡蛋的蛋形指数显著高于褐壳鸡蛋和本地土鸡蛋(P0.05);褐壳鸡蛋蛋重显著高于其他3种鸡蛋(P0.05);灵昆鸡蛋、绿雁鸡蛋、本地土鸡蛋的哈氏单位显著大于褐壳鸡蛋(P0.05),褐壳鸡蛋的蛋白高度显著大于其他3种鸡蛋(P0.05);4个品种鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色和蛋黄重之间差异显著(P0.05),其中绿雁鸡蛋蛋黄比率显著大于其他3个品种(P0.05);绿雁鸡和灵昆鸡的蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度显著低于褐壳鸡蛋(P0.05),需进一步改善。相关性分析表明,灵昆鸡和绿雁鸡的蛋黄色、蛋白高度与其他性状的相关性均不显著(P0.05),而蛋重和蛋黄重呈极显著正相关(P0.01),哈氏单位和蛋白高度均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。不同鸡种间的蛋品质差异性为蛋品质遗传改良提供了基础。从蛋品质改良的角度来看,温州地方2个鸡种具有蛋重小、哈氏单位高、蛋白质量好、蛋黄比率高等资源优势,具有较好的育种前景。     

绿壳蛋与褐壳蛋蛋品质量的比较分析

以37周龄纯种绿壳蛋鸡和37周龄高产褐壳蛋鸡两个品种为研究对象,采用常规饲养,正常光照,连续2 d每天各取30枚鸡蛋,对每个品种的鸡蛋在24 h之内分别测定其蛋重、蛋比重,蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、等级、蛋黄重、蛋黄颜色等10个蛋品质指标。利用excel软件对数据进行统计分析,对数据进行t检验。结果表明,两个品种的鸡蛋在蛋形指数、蛋重、蛋壳重、蛋黄比例、蛋黄胆固醇浓度等方面存在显著差异。     

中国6个地方鸭品种蛋品质比较

本研究测定了处于产蛋高峰6个地方鸭品种同一天各30枚种蛋的蛋重、壳重、蛋黄重、蛋白重、膜重、蛋黄蛋白比、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄色泽、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度等11项蛋品质的指标。结果表明:高邮鸭除哈氏单位稍低外,其他10项指标均比其他5个鸭品种高;11项指标主成分分析说明了蛋重是蛋品质的一个重要指标,6个鸭品种分别依特征值排序的结果中,由前到后顺序为:高邮鸭、金定鸭、莆田黑鸭、山麻鸭、攸县麻鸭、连城白鸭。研究结果为进一步开发利用品种资源提供了参考依据。     

不同品种鸡蛋品质的比较研究

随机抽取40周龄尼克粉鸡、仿草鸡、苏禽黄鸡、青壳蛋鸡的蛋各100个,进行蛋品质测定。结果表明不同品种鸡蛋的蛋品质存在着差异,除蛋形指数差异不显著外,4种鸡蛋的蛋壳颜色和蛋黄颜色相互间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);尼克粉鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋及青壳蛋鸡蛋的蛋重相互间存在极显著差异;尼克粉鸡蛋、青壳蛋鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋的蛋黄比率存在极显著差异;尼克粉鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋、青壳蛋鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度存在极显著差异;4种鸡蛋的哈氏单位相互间表现出显著(P<0.05)或极显著的差异;蛋壳强度只在尼克粉鸡与仿草鸡之间有显著差异。     

珍珠鸡蛋与海兰褐鸡蛋蛋品质及营养成分比较分析

珍珠鸡是从国外引进,经人工驯养育成的一个特色品种,其蛋用性能获得了显著进展,为加快蛋产品的开发力度,增加其附加价值,对珍珠鸡蛋和海兰褐鸡蛋蛋品质及营养成分进行比较分析。试验随机抽取新鲜珍珠鸡蛋、海兰褐鸡蛋各100枚,测定其蛋外、内在品质及主要营养成分,采用Duncan新复极差法、皮尔逊相关系数进行比较分析。研究表明,在外部品质方面,海兰褐鸡蛋蛋重高于珍珠鸡蛋15.54g（35.61%）,有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;珍珠鸡蛋蛋壳厚度比海兰褐鸡蛋的蛋壳厚0.14mm（40%）,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;由于蛋重的差异,两种鸡蛋蛋黄比例、蛋白比例、蛋壳比例也均有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。在内在品质方面,两种鸡蛋蛋清pH、蛋黄高度、蛋黄系数均无明显差异;珍珠鸡蛋浓蛋白高度比海兰褐鸡蛋的低3.02mm,有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;浓蛋白系数比海兰褐的高0.87,有显著差异（P〈0.05）;珍珠鸡蛋蛋黄颜色比海兰褐鸡蛋的颜色大一个罗氏比色值,有显著差异（P〈0.05）。在营养成分上,以g/枚为单位,珍珠鸡蛋的主要营养成分除胆固醇高于海兰褐鸡蛋外,其他均低于海兰褐鸡蛋。以g/100g为单位,珍珠鸡蛋水分含量明显低于海兰褐鸡蛋,相差12.62（20.21%）,差异极显著（P〈0.01）,脂肪含量也低于海兰褐鸡蛋,差异显著（P〈0.05）,相差1.34（4.4%）,其它营养成分均高于海兰褐鸡蛋。珍珠鸡蛋是较海兰褐鸡蛋小、壳厚、水分含量低、营养丰富的浓缩型蛋,为珍珠鸡蛋的蛋品开发创造了条件。     

笼养与平养蛋鸭蛋品质测定与相关性分析

试验旨在比较笼养和平养方式对不同品种蛋鸭蛋品质的影响,以期为评价不同饲养方式下的鸭蛋品质提供参考依据。随机选取40周龄笼养和平养的金定鸭（青壳蛋）和山麻鸭（白壳蛋）鸭蛋各30枚于产后24 h内进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,同一品种笼养蛋鸭蛋重极显著大于平养蛋鸭蛋重（P<0.01）,蛋重与蛋壳重、蛋白重和蛋黄重之间均存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但不同类型鸭蛋的蛋黄重之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。青壳蛋的蛋壳强度显著高于白壳蛋（P<0.05）,笼养青壳蛋的蛋壳强度亦高于平养青壳蛋（P<0.05）。蛋的比重与蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关（0.503,P<0.01）,与蛋壳强度的相关系数亦达到0.536（P<0.01）。4种类型鸭蛋的哈氏单位均达到72以上。虽然蛋白重与蛋黄重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但蛋白重与蛋黄比率之间却呈极显著的负相关（P<0.01）。蛋的比重与蛋黄重和蛋黄比率之间亦存在显著负相关（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,就蛋品质而言,蛋鸭养殖以采用笼养模式、选择青壳蛋鸭品种为宜。     

Determination and Correlation Analysis on the Egg Quality of Egg-laying Ducks Reared in Cages and on Floor

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the egg quality from two breeds of ducks reared in cages and on floor.30 eggs were chosen from each type of eggs,which were from Jinding (green shell) and Shan Partridge ducks (white shell)at 40 weeks-old reared in cages and on floor for egg quality evaluation.The results showed that the egg weight of caged duck was extremely significantly larger than the floor duck (P<0.01) in the same breed,there were very significant positive correlations between the egg weight and eggshell weight,egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),but no significant difference among the egg yolk weights of different types of ducks (P>0.05).The shell strength of green egg was obviously higher than that of white shell eggs (P<0.05),and the shell strength of green egg from caged ducks was higher than that of the green egg ducks on floor.The correlation coefficients of the egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness,the specific gravity and eggshell strength were 0.503 (P<0.01) and 0.536 (P<0.01) respectively.Haugh units of four types of ducks all reached 72 or more.Although there was significant positive correlation between egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),significant negative correlation was existed between egg-white weight and egg yolk ratio (P<0.01).There were significant negative correlations between egg specific gravity and egg yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg yolk ratio (P<0.05).In conclusion,the mode of cage feeding and the breed with green shell were appropriate choices in laying-egg duck production for high egg quality.     

Genetic variation for egg production,egg quality and bone strength in selected and traditional breeds of laying fowl

1. A multi-breed experiment was conducted with 25 commercial and traditional lines of laying fowl to determine the extent of between-breed genetic variation for adult body weight, sexual maturity, rate of lay, egg weight and egg composition to 55 weeks of age. The genetic variability for bone strength and eggshell strength was determined at 55 weeks of age and a comparison of commercially selected and traditional breeds was performed. 2. The proportion of the total variation that was associated with breed or line of origin was high (> 0.8) for body weight, sexual maturity and shell colour; moderately high (0.4 to 0.7) for rate of lay, early and late egg weight, weights of egg yolk, albumen and shell at 55 weeks; and low (< 0.4) for egg weight at 42 to 45 weeks, albumen quality and the number of egg inclusions. 3. There were no detectable differences between breed within category (traditional and commercial lines) for rate of lay, and estimates of breed variation for egg weight and egg components were substantially decreased within category compared with the overall analysis. 4. Commercial lines displayed earlier sexual maturity, greater rates and persistency of lay, and higher egg weights at earlier (32 to 35 weeks) and later (52 to 55 weeks) ages. At 55 weeks, the larger eggs from commercial birds contained more albumen of higher quality and paler yolks of similar weight to those from traditional breeds. The relative weight of the eggshell was similar in both categories. 5. There was considerable genetic variation between commercial lines for bone density and a moderate proportion of genetic variability for bone strength. Commercial lines had very weak bones compared with traditional lines but there was relatively little genetic variation for eggshell strength. The results suggest that eggshell quality is maintained in genetically selected lines at the expense of bone strength and bone radiographic density.     

坝上长尾鸡与海兰褐鸡肌肉营养成分对比研究

坝上长尾鸡是河北省唯一被列入《中国畜禽遗传资源志》的地方家禽品种。为了更好地保护和开发利用坝上长尾鸡资源,本试验选取相同饲养管理条件下200日龄的该鸡种和海兰褐鸡各180只,每组随机分为5个重复,每个重复36只。在同一条件下常规饲养,于230日龄每组挑选10只鸡屠宰,对肌肉中主要营养成分进行了比较分析。结果显示:1)坝上长尾鸡肌肉中的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量与海兰褐鸡相比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)2个鸡种间胸肌、腿肌中的必需氨基酸含量差异不显著(P0.05);坝上长尾鸡肌肉中的呈味氨基酸(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)含量显著高于海兰褐鸡(P0.05),腿肌中的苦味氨基酸——苯丙氨酸含量显著低于海兰褐鸡(P0.05)。3)坝上长尾鸡腿肌中的不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量显著低于海兰褐鸡(P0.05);坝上长尾鸡腿肌中的花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于海兰褐鸡(P0.05)。4)坝上长尾鸡胸肌中的镁(P0.01)和铁(P0.05)含量显著或极显著高于海兰褐鸡,腿肌中的钠(P0.05)、镁(P0.01)和铁(P0.05)的含量显著或极显著高于海兰褐鸡。由此可见,坝上长尾鸡和海兰褐鸡的肌肉均品质优良,且坝上长尾鸡肌肉品质优于海兰褐鸡。     

太行鸡与矮脚麻鸡蛋品质比较研究

随机抽取214日龄的引入品种矮脚麻鸡与河北本地品种太行鸡种鸡鸡蛋各100枚,分别测定蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋比重、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋黄比率、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、血肉斑比率。结果表明:二品种鸡蛋品质在蛋重、蛋比重、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度方面无显著性差异(P>0.05);哈氏单位、蛋黄比率差异极显著(P<0.01);蛋形指数、蛋壳强度差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Genotype X environment interaction in two breeds of chickens kept under two management systems in Southern Ethiopia

Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Fayoumi chickens were evaluated on-station in a college farm and on-farm in village farms, whereas local chickens were only tested under on-farm condition. Traits recorded are egg production and egg quality, body weight and feed efficiency at 4, 8 and 12 months of age. Significant age effect was found for most traits except for shell thickness, albumen height and egg length. Also, significant breed by management system interactions were found for all traits measured in both systems. Fayoumi chickens were higher in egg production in both management systems. Moreover, they were higher than RIR in feed efficiency. RIR were higher in most egg quality traits and had higher weight gain. Local chickens performed below the two exotic breeds in most of the traits, but had higher weight gain than Fayoumi. Chickens kept on-farm had poorer performance than those kept on-station in all traits except for yolk colour.     

Effects of commercial enzyme preparations on egg and eggshell quality in laying hens

1. Four different commercial enzyme products were added to standard commercial layer diets, based on barley, wheat or triticale. 2. Diets were fed to 4 different strains of commercial laying hen: ISA Brown, Hy-Line CB, Tegel SB2 and Tegel HiSex. 3. Diets were given for 5 weeks prior to measurements of egg and eggshell quality. 4. The inclusion of commercial enzyme products in the diets had no effect on egg weight. 5. Positive effects of the enzymes were: improved eggshell breaking strength, shell weight, percentage shell and shell thickness for the barley-based diet and increased eggshell breaking strength for two of the enzymes with the wheat-based diets. 6. Negative effects of the enzyme products were slightly lighter coloured eggshells and reduced albumen quality for the barley-based diet and for two enzymes with the wheat-based diet. 7. The addition of commercial enzyme preparations had no main effect on egg and eggshell quality for the triticale-based diet, except for effects on yolk colour. 8. Yolk colour was lower than control for enzyme 3 in all diets and for enzyme 4 with the barley- and wheat-based diets. 9. Further investigation is required to elucidate the specific enzyme components that influence egg quality.