坝上长尾鸡与海兰褐鸡肌肉营养成分对比研究

坝上长尾鸡是河北省唯一被列入《中国畜禽遗传资源志》的地方家禽品种。为了更好地保护和开发利用坝上长尾鸡资源,本试验选取相同饲养管理条件下200日龄的该鸡种和海兰褐鸡各180只,每组随机分为5个重复,每个重复36只。在同一条件下常规饲养,于230日龄每组挑选10只鸡屠宰,对肌肉中主要营养成分进行了比较分析。结果显示:1)坝上长尾鸡肌肉中的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量与海兰褐鸡相比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)2个鸡种间胸肌、腿肌中的必需氨基酸含量差异不显著(P0.05);坝上长尾鸡肌肉中的呈味氨基酸(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)含量显著高于海兰褐鸡(P0.05),腿肌中的苦味氨基酸——苯丙氨酸含量显著低于海兰褐鸡(P0.05)。3)坝上长尾鸡腿肌中的不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量显著低于海兰褐鸡(P0.05);坝上长尾鸡腿肌中的花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于海兰褐鸡(P0.05)。4)坝上长尾鸡胸肌中的镁(P0.01)和铁(P0.05)含量显著或极显著高于海兰褐鸡,腿肌中的钠(P0.05)、镁(P0.01)和铁(P0.05)的含量显著或极显著高于海兰褐鸡。由此可见,坝上长尾鸡和海兰褐鸡的肌肉均品质优良,且坝上长尾鸡肌肉品质优于海兰褐鸡。

Comparative Study on Muscle Nutritional Components between Bashang Long-Tail and Hy-Line Brown Chickens

Bashang long-tail chicken is the only local poultry variety included in Animal Genetic Resources in China of Hebei province.In order to better protect and exploit the resources of Bashang long-tail chicken, one hundred and eighty 200-day-old Bashang long-tail chicken and Hy-Line brown chicken were selected and divided into 5 replicates randomly with 36 chickens per replicate.At 230 days of age, ten chickens of each breed were slaughtered and main nutrient components in the muscle were analyzed and compared under the same feeding and management conditions.The results showed as follows: 1) the contents of crude protein and crude fat in muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken and Hy-Line brown chinken had no significant difference (P>0.05).2) There was no significant difference in essential amino acid content between breast muscle and leg muscle of two breeds (P>0.05).The contents of delicious amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine and alanine)in muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken were significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown chicken (P<0.05), and bitter amino acid phenylalanine content in leg muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken was significantly lower than that of Hy-Line brown chicken (P<0.05).3) The contents of unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and total fatty acids in leg muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken were significantly lower than those of Hy-Line brown chicken (P<0.05).The contents of arachidonic acid and aocosahexaenoic acid in leg muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken were significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown chicken (P<0.05).4) The contents of magnesium (P<0.01) and iron (P<0.05) in breast muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown chicken, and the contents of sodium (P<0.05) , magnesium (P<0.01) and iron (P<0.05) in leg muscle of Bashang long-tail chicken were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown chicken.In conclusion, muscle quality of Bashang long-tail and Hy-Line brown chickens is reasonable, moreover, the quality of Bashang long-tail chicken is better than that of Hy-Line brown chicken.