日粮蛋白水平对黄羽鹌鹑产蛋性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮粗蛋白质水平对黄羽鹌鹑产蛋性能和血液生化指标的影响。以粗蛋白质水平分别为:17.75%、19.95%、21.85%、24.08%的日粮作为4个处理(处理1、2、3、4),选用35日龄蛋用黄羽鹌鹑120只随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。试验预试期15 d,正试期30 d,试验结果表明:不同蛋白质水平的处理,平均蛋重差异不显著(P>0.05);处理2的平均产蛋率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);料蛋比显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05);处理1的干物质采食量显著高于处理3和处理4(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶处理1(17.75%)显著低于处理3(21.85%)(P<0.05)。谷草转氨酶各处理差异不显著(P>0.05);处理3(21.85%)的血清总蛋白显著高于处理1(17.75%)(P<0.05),其他处理血清总蛋白差异不显著(P>0.05);血清尿氮和磷各组差异不显著(P>0.05),血清尿氮处理2(19.95%)最高,磷处理1(17.75%)最高。结果表明,日粮粗蛋白质水平对黄羽鹌鹑产蛋性能和部分血清生化指标有显著影响。     

日粮粗蛋白质水平对种鹌鹑产蛋性能和孵化效果的影响

试验旨在研究日粮粗蛋白质水平对黄羽自别雌雄配套系父母代种鹌鹑产蛋性能和孵化性能的影响。选取75日龄产蛋栗羽鹌鹑1 080只、雄性黄羽鹌鹑300只,随机分为2组,以粗蛋白质水平分别为25%和21%的日粮作为2个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复180只产蛋鹌鹑、50只雄性鹌鹑。预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果显示,25%蛋白组产蛋率和平均蛋重均显著高于21%蛋白组(P0.05);25%蛋白组料蛋比显著低于21%蛋白组(P0.05);相对于21%蛋白组,25%蛋白组入孵蛋孵化率和雏鹌鹑初生重指标都有显著提高(P0.05)。结果表明,种鹌鹑日粮蛋白水平由21%提高到25%,可提高种鹌鹑的产蛋性能和孵化效果。     

大豆脂肪磷脂粉在产蛋鹌鹑日粮中的应用

选择450只132日龄的健康产蛋鹌鹑随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每重复25只鹌鹑进行了为期30d的饲养对比试验.对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组3种日粮分别按照0%、1.5%、3.0%水平以大豆脂肪磷脂粉替代日粮中的玉米,其他日粮组成均相同.以每重复为单位分别测定各组的产蛋数、总蛋重、平均蛋重、产蛋率、平均日采食量、料蛋比、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度和经济效益指标,经单因素方差分析结果表明:总蛋重、平均蛋重、料蛋比和蛋黄颜色组间差异显著(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组间差异显著(P<0.05),两处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),其中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别较对照组改善了2.5%、4.6%(总蛋重),7.5%、5.2%(平均蛋重),5.2%、6.3%(料蛋比),35.7%、35.7%(蛋黄颜色);产蛋数、产蛋率、平均日采食量、蛋壳厚度和总经济效益组间差异不显著(P>0.05),平均产蛋率和经济效益有提高趋势,平均日采食量和蛋壳厚度有降低趋势,总经济效益试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别较对照组提高了11.1%、16.3%.结论:在产蛋期鹌鹑日粮中添加1.5%～3%的大豆脂肪磷脂粉不仅可显著改善产蛋鹌鹑的产蛋性能,还能直接提高经济效益和提高蛋产品的商品性能,值得在生产中推广应用。     

饲粮粗蛋白质水平对“京红1号”蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同粗蛋白质水平对"京红1号"蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响,以确定其适宜蛋白质水平。试验选用41周龄"京红1号"商品代蛋鸡720只,按实测粗蛋白质水平(分别为14.08%、14.53%、14.98%和15.44%)随机分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组12个重复,每个重复15只鸡。预试期1周,正试期22周。结果表明:1)饲粮粗蛋白质水平对蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重和日产蛋量影响显著(P0.05),且其均随饲粮粗蛋白质水平升高线性增加(P0.05);饲粮粗蛋白质水平对蛋鸡料蛋比影响显著(P0.05),且其随粗蛋白质水平升高线性降低(P0.05)。2)Ⅳ组蛋壳厚度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组蛋重显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05),蛋重随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平升高线性增加(P0.05)。3)经济效益分析表明Ⅳ组蛋重成本最低,经济效益最佳。综合生产性能与经济效益分析,42~64周龄"京红1号"蛋鸡适宜粗蛋白质水平为15.44%,适宜蛋白质能量比为13.41 g/MJ。     

凝结芽孢杆菌对朝鲜鹌鹑生长性能、蛋品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响

为探究不同水平的凝结芽孢杆菌制剂对朝鲜鹌鹑生长性能、蛋品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响,试验选取300只蛋用朝鲜鹌鹑,随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,4个试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.15%、0.2%和0.3%的凝结芽孢杆菌制剂。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验3组的平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);试验1、2、3和4组的蛋白高度和哈夫单位极显著高于对照组(P0.01),试验1、2和3组的蛋壳强度极显著高于对照组(P0.01);与对照组相比,试验3组血清中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量显著提高(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验1、2和3组血清中的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著提高(P0.01),试验2组血清中的丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P0.01)。以上结果表明,日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌制剂可提高朝鲜鹌鹑的生长性能,改善蛋品质,提高血清抗氧化能力,添加量以0.2%较为适宜。     

不同浓度壳寡糖对蛋用鹌鹑免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同浓度壳寡糖对蛋用鹌鹑免疫功能的影响。选用1日龄朝鲜鹌鹑240只,随机分为6组,每组2个重复,每个重复20只,即Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%壳寡糖,试验期为35 d。结果表明,壳寡糖可以显著提高鹌鹑法氏囊指数(P<0.05),极显著提高胸腺指数和脾脏指数(P<0.01);显著提高鹌鹑血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和M(IgM)的含量(P<0.05);可以维持较高的血清新城疫抗体效价(P<0.05),显著提高补体C3含量(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加壳寡糖可以促进鹌鹑免疫器官的生长发育,提高机体免疫力,增强抵抗传染病的能力,其中以添加0.05%壳寡糖效果较好。     

槲皮素对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响

试验旨在研究槲皮素对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响。选择体重和产蛋率相近的240只29周龄蛋鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%槲皮素。结果表明:①与对照组相比,产蛋高峰期试验2组的蛋壳相对重极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期各试验组的蛋壳厚度均显著提高(P<0.05),试验2、3组的蛋壳相对重分别提高0.27%(P<0.05)和0.48%(P<0.01),试验1、2组的鸡蛋破软壳率极显著降低(P<0.01)。②产蛋高峰期各试验组的蛋壳钙含量均显著升高(P<0.05);产蛋后期试验2、3组的蛋壳钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组蛋壳磷含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③产蛋高峰期和后期各试验组的血清钙含量均极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋高峰期试验2组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期试验1组的血清ALP含量极显著降低(P<0.01),试验2、3组的血清羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,0.04%槲皮素可有效改善产蛋后期蛋壳品质。     

红豆杉干粉对产蛋初期仙居鸡生产性能和生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的红豆杉干粉对产蛋初期仙居鸡的生产性能、血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响。选取400只140日龄仙居鸡,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2%、3%和4%红豆杉干粉,预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:在试验初期(1～30 d),各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)均低于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率低于对照组(P<0.05);在试验中期(31～60 d),各试验组ADFI、平均蛋重与对照组无显著差异, 4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的料蛋比低于对照组(P<0.05);在试验后期(61～90 d),3%红豆杉干粉组的平均日采食量高于对照组(P<0.05),3%红豆杉干粉组的平均蛋重低于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05);在试验46～90 d, 2%红豆杉干粉组平均日增重较对照组降低(P<0.05);各试验组血清总抗氧化能力高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加不同水平红豆杉干粉可以改善仙居鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力,建议产蛋期日粮中添加4%红豆杉干粉。     

乳酸菌剂对鹌鹑夏季产蛋性能影响的研究

为探讨乳酸菌制剂在夏季对鹌鹑产蛋性能的影响,选用120日龄商品代蛋用鹌鹑300只,随机分成3组,每组4个重复。分别在基础日粮中添加0.00%、0.02%、0.04%的乳酸菌剂,试期28 d。结果表明,产蛋率、蛋重、蛋黄指数组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。蛋壳厚度试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);料蛋比试验组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。乳酸菌剂可明显提高夏季蛋用鹌鹑的蛋壳厚度和饲料效率。     

腐植酸对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能、抗氧化及促产蛋激素分泌的影响

试验旨在探究天然腐植酸和合成腐植酸对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和激素水平的影响。选取52周龄体重、产蛋率相近的海兰白蛋鸡405羽,随机分成3个组,每组9个重复,每个重复15羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(CON组),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加1 000 mg/kg的天然腐植酸A(HAA组)和合成腐植酸B(HAB组),预试期2周,正试期8周。结果表明:与CON组相比,添加腐植酸均可提高平均蛋重(P<0.05),降低不合格蛋率(P<0.05)和料蛋比(P<0.01),其中HAA组产蛋率极显著提高,HAA组的料蛋比低于HAB组(P<0.01);饲粮添加腐植酸对蛋品质无显著影响;与CON组相比,HAA组血清中白蛋白含量降低(P<0.05),HAB组乳酸脱氢酶活性提高(P<0.05),HAA组与HAB组血清中甘油三酯含量均降低(P<0.01);相比于CON组,添加HAB可提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05);与CON组相比,饲粮中添加腐植酸提高了血清中促黄体素水平(P<0.01),对促卵泡素水平有升高趋势(P=0.060),且HAA组中促卵泡素水平高于HAB组(P<0.01)。结果提示,腐植酸可促进机体促性腺激素分泌,改善机体抗氧化水平,显著提高产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能,且天然提取的腐植酸作用效果更佳。     

鹅蛋与鸭蛋生物学特性的比较

作者旨在研究地方品种鹅蛋与鸭蛋的生物学特性差异。同期采集固始白鹅种蛋56枚,淮南麻鸭种蛋64枚,对外部特征和内部品质进行对比。结果表明二者之间存在较大差异,鹅蛋与鸭蛋各指标分别为：蛋重（159.1 g,62.17 g）、蛋比重（1.119,1.094）、蛋壳厚度（0.514 mm,0.311 mm）、哈氏单位（107.77,86.14）、蛋黄比例（38.12%,30.28%）、蛋壳比例（12.32%,11.19%）,以上指标鹅蛋均高于鸭蛋。鸭蛋蛋黄色泽优于鹅蛋,罗氏比色鸭蛋、鹅蛋分别为11.33和4.52。鸭蛋的血肉斑率达到12.5%,明显高于鹅蛋的3.57%,需要通过育种手段来降低。     

Moisture content and moisture quantity of sweated chicken eggs in 2 storage environments

There are instances where shell eggs may be moved from refrigeration into ambient temperature with high humidity, such as before wash and during transportation. Under these conditions, it is of concern that bacteria on wet eggs can grow and migrate through the shell pores into the egg. Objectives of this experiment were: 1) to compare 3 methods of quantifying condensate on eggs and 2) to quantify condensate on refrigerated shell eggs at 2 temperatures (22°C and 32°C). For objective 1, 270 fresh shell eggs (3 replications, 90 eggs per replication) were stored at 4°C, 60% relative humidity (RH), then placed at 22°C, 60% RH for 1 h. After this time, 30 pre-weighed eggs were randomly selected and weighed. Thirty eggs were thoroughly wiped with pre-weighed paper towels to collect condensate. Thirty eggs were evaluated with a pinless moisture meter for quantifying egg condensate, which was found to be an ineffective method. There was no difference in quantifying egg condensation by egg weight or weight of moisture absorbed on a paper towel (0.2% vs. 0.19% percentage gain mL condensation/egg surface area) (P > 0.05). For objective 2, 104 fresh eggs formed condensation at 2 temperatures (22°C and 32°C, 60% RH). Each egg weight was continuously recorded from the beginning of condensation formation to the point where the egg reached a constant weight. There was a difference found in the time it took for an egg to reach maximum condensation (11 min at 32°C, 17 min at 22°C), as well as completely dry (25 min at 32°C, 34 min at 22°C) between the 2 temperatures (P < 0.05).     

Albendazole treatment in laying hens: Egg residues and its effects on fertility and hatchability

This work characterized the egg residual concentrations of albendazole (ABZ ) and its sulphoxide (ABZSO ) and sulphone (ABZSO ₂) metabolites and evaluated their effect on egg fertility and hatchability after ABZ treatments to laying hens. Seventy hens were allocated in groups: Group‐1 was the control without treatment; Group‐2 received a single ABZ oral dose (10 mg/kg); Group‐3, ‐4 and ‐5 were treated with ABZ in medicated feed over 7 days at 10, 40, or 80 mg kg^?1 day^?1, respectively. Eggs were analyzed to determine the ABZ /metabolite level by HPLC or subjected to incubation to evaluate the fertility and hatchability. Only ABZSO and ABZSO ₂ metabolites were quantified in egg after ABZ single oral administration with maximum concentrations of 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.30 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively. ABZ and its metabolites were found in eggs after 7‐day ABZ treatments. The egg residue exposure estimated as AUC s (areas under the concentration vs . time curve) were 100.5 (ABZ ), 56.3 (ABZSO ) and 141.3 μg hr g^?1 (ABZSO ₂). ABZ administration did not affect the egg fertility at any dosages. Egg hatchability was not affected by ABZ treatment at 10 mg/kg in medicated feed, but it decreased when the dose was 4–8 times higher. These results should be considered when ABZ is used for deworming laying hens.     

良种鸡与地方鸡杂交试验报告

利用不同品种的良种蛋鸡与本地地方鸡杂交,以提高地方鸡产蛋量、蛋重和淘汰鸡体重.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、重组分别为湖北红鸡(?)×地方鸡(?)、地方鸡(?)×湖北红鸡(?),地方鸡(?)×罗曼褐商品代(?).第Ⅳ组为地方鸡(?)×地方鸡(?).试验结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比,20周龄体重、42周龄体重、72周龄淘汰鸡体重、产蛋量、蛋重均能有效得到提高,其中42周龄体重和72周龄淘汰鸡体重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著,与Ⅳ组相比差异极显著,42周龄平均蛋重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、组与Ⅳ组相比差异极显著,Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比差异显著.42周龄单枚蛋重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比分别增加7.4g、8.54g和10g,72周龄产蛋量Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比分别增加41、35,55枚.     

冷藏浸酸种减少生种的新方法

将生种率高的蚕种在丙2 胚胎期于5℃再冷藏20～22 天可以减少生种的发生     

Performance of Four Hybrids of Laying Hens in Modified and Conventional Cages

Abstract

In two trials, production, feed consumption, mortality, egg quality and birds' live weight of a total of 2877 caged laying hens of four hybrids, Dekalb XL, Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Shaver 288 in Trial 1 and ISA Brown and LSL in Trial 2, were studied during full production cycles. The cage designs were Get-away cages (GA) with 15 hens per cage, a special version of the “Edinburgh modified cage” called “Modified and enriched cage” (ME) with 4 ISA or 5 Leghorn hens per cage, conventional cages of metal (CO) with 4 hens per cage and conventional cages of plastic (PL) with 3 hens per cage. GA and ME included nests, perches and sandbaths. LSL produced significantly better than the other hybrids. Shaver had a significantly lower live weight than Dekalb and LSL, while ISA was significantly heavier than LSL. Production in ME was similar to that in conventional cages and, in Trial 2, birds in ME, CO and PL produced significantly better than those in GA. The highest mortality was registered in GA, where in Trial 2 it was significantly higher than in ME. GA gave a significantly higher and CO a lower proportion of cracked eggs than ME and PL. In both trials ME gave significantly lower proportions of dirty eggs than GA and in Trial 2, the lowest. Few differences between the systems were registered regarding interior egg quality. It was concluded that ME is better for production, mortality and management than GA but similar to conventional cages.     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

Application of Ionized Reactive Oxygen Species for Disinfection of Carcasses,Table Eggs,and Fertile Eggs

We evaluated the effect of ionized reactive oxygen species created using Binary Ionization Technology (BIT) for disinfection of broiler carcasses, table eggs, and treatment of fertile eggs. Previous research has indicated that BIT creates a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lyse bacterial cells on contact. Application of BIT to broiler carcasses that had been intentionally inoculated with 1.58 × 10⁶ Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE) caused a 1 to 3 log reduction in recoverable SE, depending on the duration of the treatment. Additionally, after inoculation of table eggs with 6.8 × 10⁸ cfu of SE, we recovered SE from 95% fewer eggs following enrichment and found significantly fewer (7.77 and 7.41 log reduction) colony-forming units recovered from eggs treated with BIT compared with nontreated control eggs. We also evaluated whether application of the BIT treatment had any effect on hatchability of broiler breeder eggs to determine whether use of this technology could be feasible in a hatchery environment for disinfection of eggs. There were no significant effects of BIT on the hatchability (of total set) of treated eggs as compared with nontreated control eggs; however, there was a slight numerical increase in hatchability, between 5 and 10% in 2 trials. These data suggest that application of BIT technology to carcasses and table eggs could reduce contamination with pathogens and that the application to fertile eggs may not have effects on hatchability of eggs set.     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸（IMP）来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组（对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮＋0.5%肌苷酸）,每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;蛋形指数显著升高（P<0.05）,蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低（P<0.05）;受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高（P<0.05）,健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

Nutritive constituents of Silky fowl eggs: comparison with hen eggs of White Leghorn origin

In the present study, proportional parts, amounts of major constituents, vitamins, minerals and fatty acids composition of Silky fowl eggs were examined compared with those of hen eggs. The ratio of egg yolk weight to whole egg weight of Silky fowl egg was significantly larger than that of egg yolk of hen egg. The amount of cholesterol of Silky fowl eggs were significantly (P < 0.01) less than those of hen eggs. The amount of vitamins (B2, B6, D and E), calcium and potassium in Silky fowl eggs were significantly higher than those of hen eggs. Unsaturated fatty acids in Silky fowl eggs were 62.5% among total fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids of hen eggs were 53.9%. Especially, the contents of arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in Silky fowl eggs were significantly larger than in hen eggs.