甘南地区藏羊螨病流行病学调查

本研究对甘南地区的藏羊中采用烧碱溶解法,结合体视显微镜,确认检测了305只藏羊的皮屑,其中有59份显示螨虫阳性,总体感染率相对不高,总阳性率达19.34%。结果发现在不同年龄、性别、季节和胎次中均有螨虫的感染。     

新疆部分地区绵羊包虫病的血清学调查

为了解新疆部分地区绵羊包虫病流行情况,笔者采用ELISA法检测新疆35个县（市、区）共计1450份绵羊血清样本。结果显示：新疆部分地区绵羊包虫病血清阳性率为11.66%(169/1450),以铁门关市绵羊包虫病血清阳性率较高,为23.08%;不同调查点绵羊包虫病血清阳性率统计学差异显著（P<0.05）。规模化场和散养绵羊包虫病血清阳性率分别为10.89%(33/303)和11.86%(33/303),无统计学差异（P>0.05）。新疆南疆地区、北疆地区和东疆地区绵羊包虫病血清阳性率分别为13.16%(139/1056)、6.54%(17/260)和9.70%(13/134),不同区系绵羊包虫病血清阳性率不具有统计学差异（P>0.05）。调查结果表明,新疆地区绵羊包虫病感染仍较为普遍,应持续加强犬的管理和驱虫,并给农牧民普及包虫病防治知识。     

新疆部分规模化羊场绵羊肺炎支原体血清学调查

为调查新疆部分地区规模化羊场绵羊肺炎支原体的感染情况,分别采用绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)、肺炎支原体(MP)双抗体夹心ELISA和间接ELISA检测具有呼吸道症状羔羊血清中的MO/MP抗原抗体,共检测5个地区5个规模化羊场67份发病羔羊血清。结果显示,5个不同地区羊场MO-Ag阳性率为26.66%~100%,MO-Ab阳性率为46.66%~100%,其中3个羊场MO-Ag阳性率为100%,湖羊、小尾寒羊的阳性率(75%~100%)远高于萨福克羊(26.66%);5个不同地区均存在MP感染,MP-Ag阳性率为0~29%,MP-Ab阳性率为19%~58.33%;75%的发病羔羊均存在MO和MP双重感染。调查结果表明,新疆地区规模化羊场普遍存在绵羊肺炎支原体感染,且呈高态势水平,应加强防控措施。本调查结果为新疆地区绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎的防控提供了血清流行病学数据。     

新疆伊犁地区哈萨克羊与萨福克羊感染支原体肺炎血清学调查与分析

为调查新疆伊犁地区哈萨克羊与萨福克羊感染支原体肺炎的情况，笔者使用绵羊肺炎支原体ELISA检测试剂盒，对新疆伊犁地区部分牧场的哈萨克羊和萨福克羊2个品种羊随机抽查共800份血清样本进行抗原抗体检测。结果显示，新疆伊犁地区的哈萨克羊和萨福克羊2个绵羊品种之间均存在MO感染的现象。哈萨克羊MP-Ab阳性率26.00%，萨福克羊MP-Ag阳性率7.34%；哈萨克羊MP-Ag阳性率22.91%，萨福克羊MP-Ag阳性率19.71%。血清学检测结果表明，新疆本地的绵羊品种（哈萨克羊）抗原抗体的阳性检出率均高于外来引进品种（萨福克羊）。本地绵羊品种抗体阳性率显著高于外来引进品种；不同绵羊品种抗原检测阳性率无显著差异。本试验为探究新疆伊犁地区不同品种绵羊支原体肺炎的诊治方案提供了科学依据。     

绵羊痒螨病的治疗方案

绵羊痒螨病是由痒螨引起的一种接触性皮肤传染病,螨虫病又叫癞病等,具有高度传染性,往往在短期内可引起羊群严重感染,对绵羊养殖业带来严重危害。尤其寒冷的季节大批死亡。(一)病原痒螨寄生于皮肤表面,虫体呈长圆形,体长0.5～0.9毫米,肉眼可见。(二)流行病学主要发生于入冬季节,秋冬交接时羊痒螨病高发的季节。特别是潮湿阴暗而且拥挤的厩舍中传染更为严重。感染后     

新疆屠宰绵羊戊型肝炎的流行病学调查及肝组织的超微病理学观察

旨在了解掌握乌鲁木齐地区屠宰的绵羊群戊型肝炎流行情况。采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(DS-ELISA)和免疫组化法分别对来自新疆6个县(市)的258份屠宰绵羊血清中HEV抗体和229份肝脏样品中HEV抗原进行了检测,对不同地区、不同年龄、不同品种绵羊HEV感染率进行了比较。结果显示,屠宰绵羊血清HEV抗体阳性率为14.7%(38/258),肝脏HEV抗原感染率为14.0%(32/229),不同地区之间感染率差异显著(P0.05);无论检测血清样品,还是检测肝脏样品,公羊的感染率(16.7%和15.0%)均高于母羊的感染率(13.7%和13.4%);所检测的6个品种绵羊中均存在HEV感染,其中吐鲁番地区饲养的黑羊感染率最高,血清抗体感染率为17.1%,肝脏HEV感染率为17.2%;不同年龄的绵羊感染率之间有一定的差异,1岁以下的绵羊与2岁以上的绵羊感染率相比差异极显著(P0.01)。透射电镜观察显示,肝脏样品出现肝细胞变性、细胞核挤于细胞边缘、细胞核周围出现空泡、细胞核萎缩、空泡占满细胞质、细胞器减少等病理变化。研究结果说明新疆地区绵羊仍然普遍存在HEV感染。     

绵羊胃肠道线虫荷虫量与粪检虫卵相关性研究

用粪便虫卵计数（EPG）和动物体内蠕虫计数法对新疆3个不同地区的16只绵羊直肠粪便中的线虫虫卵和胃肠道线虫进行研究表明，在同一地区，绵羊直肠粪便中EPG与体内线虫荷虫量基本呈正相关；但不同季节、不同虫种的感染以及不同年龄之间卵与虫相关性的比值变化较大；粪便虫卵与体内成虫的高峰期也不完全吻合。     

湖南省长沙市宠物医院犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解湖南省长沙市宠物犬弓形虫感染状况,2017—2018年对长沙市宠物监测点的犬只抽样,采用间接酶联免疫方法进行弓形虫抗体检测。2017年共抽检血清707份,发现抗体阳性率为9.34%;2018年抽检血清711份,发现抗体阳性率为8.02%,较2017年稍微下降。从不同地区比较,天心区弓形虫感染率较高,均在13%以上;芙蓉区、岳麓区阳性率出现下降趋势,其中芙蓉区下降最快,从9.88%下降到4.79%,岳麓区从10.20%下降到6.98%;其他两区阳性率维持在7%～9%之间,相对平衡。对不同犬种、性别、年龄及季节进行比较分析发现,不同品种犬的弓形虫感染情况有差异,萨摩、中华田园、雪纳瑞、博美、柯基等犬种的阳性率相对偏高,在10%以上;犬弓形虫感染与性别关联性不大,差异不显著(P=0.086, 0.05);1岁以上犬的阳性率明显高于1岁以下犬,差异显著(P=0.012,0.05);不同季节犬只的弓形虫抗体阳性率差异显著(P=0,0.05)。调查表明:长沙市城区存在一定的犬弓形虫流行,整体呈下降趋势;犬弓形虫感染与年龄、季节相关,年龄越大阳性率越高,冬季更易感染。建议加强犬类管理,向饲养者普及相关饲养及弓形虫病预防知识,尤其是弓形虫感染严重地区;定期做好弓形虫检查和驱虫工作,重点关注感染率较高的犬种和1岁以上犬,尤其是冬季。本研究初步摸清了长沙市城区宠物犬弓形虫的感染程度及分布特点,为今后弓形虫病防控提供了数据支撑。     

新疆部分地区绵羊弓形虫抗体监测与分析

<正>为查明新疆北疆部分地区绵羊弓形虫感染情况,在伊犁、阿勒泰和昌吉地区4个专业养殖场和7户散养户共采集12批次403份绵羊血清样品,采用间接ELISA和IHA方法进行弓形虫抗体监测。结果表明,403份样品中共检出14份阳性样品,阳性率为3. 5%;伊犁、阿勒泰和昌吉地区阳性率分别为     

新疆南疆地区绵羊戊型肝炎血清流行病学调查

对新疆南疆4个行政区6个品种的434份绵羊血清,采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法检测抗戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)IgG抗体,比较不同地区、不同品种及不同年龄段绵羊戊型肝炎抗体阳性率的差异.结果显示,所检测血清总的抗体阳性率为32.25%(140/434),4个地区绵羊抗体阳性率依次为32.34%(65/201),37.25%(19/51),47.25%(43/91),14.29%(13/91),差异极显著(p＜0.01);2岁以上绵羊与1岁以下绵羊抗体阳性率依次为47.25%(43/91)和21%(25/121),差异极显著(p＜0.01);不同品种绵羊HEV感染率差异显著(p＜0.05).由此可见,新疆南疆地区绵羊普遍存在HEV感染.     

Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine Canine Acariasis Spirit on Demodex canis

In order to screen the Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of Demodex canis, canine acariasis spirit was prepared by Foeniculum vulgare, Fructus cnidii and Bauhinia by water alcohol precipitation and distillation extraction methods. To observe the effect on Demodex canis, canine acariasis spirit was set to high, medium and low concentrations, the content of crude drug were 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g/mL, respectively. The experiment of killing Demodex canis was carried out by drop method. On this basis, 12 dogs inoculated with Demodex canis were treated. In order to verify the therapeutic effect, 45 clinically diagnosed dogs with Demodex canis were divided into three groups. The results showed that 3 doses of the traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit all had strong inhibition effect to kill mites, the high dose group could completely kill Demodex canis only 4 h after treatment, the action of 1% ivermectin control group was 8 h after treatment; 3 weeks later, a large number of new hair grew, rash and skin nodules disappeared, the skin lesion had healed in the affected area of high dose group, in 1% ivermectin treatment group, the dog skin improved, only a small amount of new hair grew, it couldn't cure standard; In the high and middle dose group, the average number of the ratio of skin scraping mites and the recurrence rate after drug withdrawal was 0 in one month later; The average number of mites proportion and recurrence rates of skin scrapings in 1% ivermectin treatment group were 10.63% and 9.17% in one month later; After 3 weeks of treatment, the total average eggs negative rate, cure rate and average cure days were 100.00%, 93.33% and 19.56 d in high dose traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit and 1% ivermectin combined treatment group, the results were better than the traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit and 1% ivermectin alone treatment group. The results showed that the effect of the high dose group self-made Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit on killing Demodex canis in vitro, inoculation of Demodex canis and clinical therapeutic effect of natural infection cases were significantly better than 1% ivermectin control group, canine acariasis spirit as a traditional Chinese medicine preparation would have a good market development prospects.     

中药犬螨灵对犬蠕形螨的疗效试验

为筛选具有显著治疗犬蠕形螨的中药制剂,试验将中药小茴香、蛇床子、羊蹄根采用水煮醇沉及蒸馏等提取方法制备成中药制剂犬螨灵,并观察其对犬蠕形螨的疗效。将犬螨灵设为高、中、低3个浓度,其生药含量分别为2.0、1.0和0.5 g/mL,采用点滴法进行体外抑杀蠕形螨试验,在此基础上对12只接种蠕形螨的试验犬进行治疗试验,为验证治疗效果,对临床上已确诊的45只患有蠕形螨的病犬分3组进行临床治疗试验。结果显示,中药犬螨灵3种剂量均有较强的体外抑杀螨虫作用,高剂量组作用后4 h即可完全抑杀蠕形螨,1%伊维菌素对照组则为作用后8 h;高剂量组在治疗3周后,患处有大量新毛生长,红疹结节和皮屑消失,患处皮肤已痊愈,1%伊维菌素治疗组患犬皮肤好转,仅有少量新毛生长,不能达到痊愈标准;高、中剂量组皮肤刮取物螨虫数量平均比例及停药1个月后复发率均为0,1%伊维菌素治疗组皮肤刮取物螨虫数量平均比例及停药1月后的复发率分别为10.63%和9.17%。高剂量中药犬螨灵与1%伊维菌素两种药物联合治疗组,对临床上患病犬进行3周治疗,其虫卵平均转阴率、治愈率与平均治愈天数分别为100.00%、93.33%和19.56 d,其效果均优于中药犬螨灵与1%伊维菌素单独治疗组。结果表明,高剂量自制中药制剂犬螨灵对犬蠕形螨体外抑杀作用、接种蠕形螨试验犬与临床自然感染病例均有显著的治疗效果,优于1%伊维菌素对照组,犬螨灵作为中药杀螨虫制剂具有较好的市场开发前景。     

一种猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的临床应用

采用猪圆环病毒2-dCap-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,对河北、山西两地共441份猪血清样品进行检测。结果显示,河北保定地区349份血清样品中阳性样品为306份,感染率为87.68%;山西地区92份血清样品中阳性样品为77份,感染率为83.7%。与标准的间接免疫荧光检测法进行比较,该ELISA检测试剂盒的诊断敏感性为95.48%（380/398）,诊断特异性为93.02%（40/43）,总符合率为95.24%。由此表明该试剂盒是一种简便、快速、灵敏、适合于大规模临床应用的猪圆环病毒2型抗体检测试剂盒。     

河北省舍饲绵羊的热应激评价及温湿参数与羊生理指标的相关性研究

本研究旨在评价河北省三大区域（冀北燕山、太行山区和冀中南平原）羊场夏季绵羊的热应激程度,并分析温热环境参数与绵羊个体生理指标的相关性,为改善羊舍环境提供理论依据。选择3个区域12个规模化羊场,自动检测并记录夏季羊舍的环境温度和相对湿度2个月,同时检测各场绵羊的直肠温度和呼吸频率。结果表明,冀北燕山、太行山区和冀中南平原的羊舍日均温度分别达24.3、28.5和28.7℃,温湿指数（THI）分别达72.40、79.91和79.47,冀北燕山区域绵羊正遭受轻度热应激,而太行山区和冀中南平原地区的绵羊遭受中度甚至重度热应激,可见,夏季河北省舍饲绵羊的热应激防控需要引起关注,加强夏季的防暑降温措施刻不容缓。从绵羊个体生理指标看,3个区域绵羊的直肠温度范围为39.1～39.8℃,呼吸频率为42～114次·min^-1,直肠温度与环境温度、THI之间均未表现出显著相关关系（P>0.05）,但与相对湿度间表现出显著的线性负相关关系（P<0.05,r=0.60）;呼吸频率与环境温度、THI之间表现出极显著正相关关系（P<0.01,r=0.84;P<0.01,r=0.87）,与相对湿度间未表现出显著相关关系（P>0.05）。因此,通过羊舍温湿参数和THI的测定可以推断绵羊的个体生理状况,对实际生产中舍饲羊热应激的预防及相关疾病的诊断提供依据。     

海晏县绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学诊断

用绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎（MO）间接血凝试验,对来自青海省海晏县的110份绵羊血清,进行了绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎血清检测。结果：从110份绵羊血清中检出抗绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎抗体的阳性血清28份,阳性率为25．45％;表明海晏县的绵羊群中存在绵羊肺炎支原体的感染。     

A serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle and sheep in northwest China

Purpose

Akabane disease characterized mainly by fetal damage is a ruminant disease caused by insect-transmitted Akabane virus infection.

Methods

We investigated Akabane disease using serum neutralization tests in 446 blood samples collected from 187 cattle and 259 sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China.

Results

(1) The overall prevalence rate of neutralizing antibody was 19.06?% (85/446), (2) the prevalence rates of Akabane disease in cattle and sheep were 20.32?% (38/187) and 18.15?% (47/259), respectively, (3) the disease prevalence rates were not significantly different between cattle and sheep, but significantly different among samples collected from different sampling months, (4) the disease was most prevalent in July when mosquitoes and culicoides were most active, and (5) the disease prevalence rates were significantly different between individuals with abortion experience and without abortion experience (P?<?0.05), suggesting that Akabane virus infection may significantly increase abortion risk in cattle and sheep.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming that Akabane virus infection is common in cattle and sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China and providing useful epidemiological information for cattle and sheep abortion prevention and control.     

Control of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis in vivo and in vitro using fungal pathogens

As part of a research programme designed to identify biological agents for the control of sheep scab, the pathogenicity of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to Psoroptes mites in the presence of sheepskin and wool was examined in the laboratory. No inhibitory effects of skin and wool were observed and high levels of infection were recorded. Subsequently the pathogenicity of formulations of both M. anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to Psoroptes ovis was studied in vivo. For this, 36 batches of 20 adult female Psoroptes mites were confined in 25 mm diameter chambers which were attached to the backs of 6 scab-naive sheep. In some treatments, mites were exposed to the fungal pathogens for 48 h in vitro prior to being placed on the host, while other treatments involved mites with no prior exposure placed directly onto the skin of a host treated with a fungal pathogen. After 48 h on the host, mites were removed, incubated individually and all fungal infections were recorded. Fungal infection was observed in all treatments, except untreated controls. However, B. bassiana infected a significantly greater number of mites than M. anisopliae with all the formulations examined. Infection rates were highest when mites were exposed to dry conidia (>90%) and lowest with M. anisopliae in diatomaceous earth. Overall, the infection rate was not affected by whether or not the mites were given prior exposure to the conidia, before being placed on the sheep. The results demonstrate that Psoroptes mites can become infected by entomopathogenic fungi on the skin of sheep and provides a first demonstration of the potential of this technology for the control of sheep scab.     

青海省海北州藏羊群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒和羊边界病毒的流行病学调查

为掌握青海省海北州藏羊群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒和羊边界病毒的感染情况,本研究采用RT-PCR方法分别对青海省海北州的161份健康藏羊血清样品和34份腹泻藏羊组织样品进行了BVDV和BDV的抗原核酸检测。结果显示：195份样品中BVDV和BDV总阳性率分别为29.74 %和14.36 %;161份健康藏羊血清样品中BVDV和BDV平均阳性率分别为26.71 %和11.80 %,BVDV/BDV混合感染率为4.35 %;34份腹泻藏羊组织样品中BVDV和BDV平均阳性率分别为44.12 %和26.47 %,BVDV/BDV混合感染率为17.65 %。本研究表明青海省海北州健康藏羊群和腹泻藏羊群中均存在BVDV、BDV的单独感染以及混合感染,且感染情况在个别养殖场(户)较为严重,本研究为青海藏羊的综合防控措施提供了指导依据,丰富了我国羊群中BVDV和BDV的流行病学资料。     

Salmonella in sheep in Iceland

In 1995 several outbreaks of food poisoning in humans occurred in Iceland, that were traced to salmonella contamination of singed sheep heads. This prompted us to study the prevalence of salmonella infection in sheep and to trace where and how infection might have occurred. Faecal, intestinal contents and tonsillar samples were collected in the spring and autumn from sheep on 50 farms in the southwestern part of the country, where salmonellosis had been detected and from 5 farms in the northwestern part of the country. All faecal samples from the southwest were negative, whereas samples from 3 farms obtained in the autumn in the northwest were positive. Tonsillae taken in the autumn were positive in sheep from 3 farms in the southwest and 2 in the northwest. Our results show that salmonella infection is rare in Icelandic sheep but healthy carriers my harbour the bacteria in tonsillae. Salmonella was not detected in drainage from slaughterhouses nor in singed sheep heads.     

黑龙江省牛羊东毕吸虫病流行情况与地理分布特征的调查研究

对黑龙江省牛、羊东毕吸虫病的流行情况及地理分布特进行了调查研究，初步认定我省有三种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanica var.tuberculata)。中间宿主螺类有三种，即耳萝卜螺、卵萝卜螺和小土窝螺；东毕吸虫病在黑龙江省分布较广，在调查的34个县（市）中有27个县（市）的牛、羊感染东毕吸虫，平均感染率分别为43．97％和61．98％，齐齐哈尔地区最为严重，牛、羊、的平均感染率分别达到62．73％和76．36％，大庆，绥化，哈尔滨，北安地区感染率也较高，佳木斯，黑河，鸡西地区属零星发生，牡丹江地区未检出。