狂犬病的分子生物学诊断

从攻击咬伤人并致其死亡的犬脑组织中提取总RNA，用特异性引物通过反转录聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)获得了长度约为1423bp的核酸片段，与预期的片段大小相符；将扩增产物连接到pMD18-T载体中，转化大肠埃希氏菌JM109，筛选氨苄青霉素抗性菌落，提取质粒，经酶切鉴定、PCR分析及测序，证明所克隆的1423bp片段含有完整的狂犬病病毒N基因，与国外参考毒株的序列相比同源性较高，从而做出正确的诊断。试验表明，用RT—PCR技术检测狂犬病病毒灵敏度高、特异性强，适合于实验室应用。     

鸡大肠埃希菌Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已公布的鸡大肠埃希菌pilA基因序列,在其保守区设计一对引物,以提取的3株鸡大肠埃希菌基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得3个克隆片段。经序列测定和分析表明,3株克隆片段均含有Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的全序列及完整的开放性阅读框架,片段大小为549bp,编码信号肽和结构蛋白;3株鸡大肠埃希菌分离菌株与其他菌株pilA基因之间核苷酸同源性为87.25%～98.36%,氨基酸同源性为87.36%～98.35%;系统进化分析表明,大肠埃希菌各菌株之间的pilA基因遗传相关性与其宿主来源及血清型之间没有显著的相关性;3株鸡大肠埃希菌I型菌毛间具有一定的结构相似性,并存在一定的共同抗原位点。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒核衣壳N蛋白基因的克隆与鉴定

根据文献已发表的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）cDNA基因序列，设计和合成1对引物，以TGEV TH-98强毒株基因组mRNA为模板，通过RT-PCR技术扩增其N基因：将RT-PCR产物按正确的阅读框架（ORF）定向克隆到载体pProEXHTb上，重组质粒PHN转化进大肠埃希氏菌DH5a株，通过酶切分析及序列测定表明已成功获得了TGEVN基因的无性繁殖体系。TH-98强毒株的N基因的Purdue-115株、FS772/70株、TO14株、96-1933株及TF I株的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为99%、97%、975、95%和96%，氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99%、97%、98%、96%和97%。     

鸿雁源鸭甲肝炎病毒Ⅰ型的分离与鉴定

为了对一起死亡率高达91．3％、急性死亡的鸿雁病例进行病原学分析,通过细菌分离排除法和病毒分离方法获得致鸭胚死亡病毒（暂命名为FJ-017株）。该病毒无血凝活性,用鹅细小病毒、番鸭细小病毒、鸭呼肠孤病毒、鸭甲肝炎病毒1型、鸭瘟病毒、鸭坦布苏病毒特异引物分别进行扩增,电泳结果显示,仅鸭甲肝炎病毒1型引物可扩增出条带。将扩增产物回收后克隆,序列分析表明FJ-017株与22株DHAV-1参考株的同源率为93．5％-99％,而与DHAV-2和DHAV-3参考株的同源性均为79．9％。遗传进化分析表明FJ-017株与DHAV-1关系密切,在进化树中共处一分支,表明FJ-017株为鸭甲肝炎病毒1型,此为国内外首次报道。     

一株O1血清型鸡大肠埃希菌iss基因的序列分析

采用1日龄雏鸡对1株O1血清型鸡源大肠埃希菌(E.coli)的致病性进行测定,并扩增iss基因.结果表明,鸡E.coli O1对1日龄雏鸡具有较强的毒力.iss基因在致病性鸡E.coli O1中的序列与已知禽大肠埃希菌iss基因序列同源性为100%,与人源大肠埃希菌iss基因核苷酸,序列同源性为90.9%,显示了此基因具有保守性.     

牛源A型口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP1基因的克隆与序列分析

提取2株A型口蹄疫病毒FMDV-L1和FMDV-L2的RNA，用1对通用引物经RT-PCR扩增出2株病毒VP1基因的DNA片段，将扩增的VP1编码序列克隆到质粒载体pGEM-T Easy中，转入大肠埃希氏菌JM109，得到大量携带目的基因的质粒；经过重组质粒的鉴定、测序获得其核苷酸序列；利用序列分析软件及系统发生树绘制软件对FMDV—L1和FMDV-L2以及作为参考毒株的A22／India／17／77进行序列分析。结果表明，核酸序列中的变异多发区要多于氨基酸序列，氨基酸序列最明显的变异发生在构成FMDV抗原位点1的βG-βH环内，其中毒株FMDV-L1和FMDV-L2 RGD序列中的精氨酸(R)发生了变异，分别变成了亮氨酸(L)和谷氨酰胺(Q)。     

犬细小病毒的分离鉴定

用猫肾(F81)细胞从沈阳某养犬场病死犬的肠内容物中,分离到1株细小病毒.根据犬细小病毒(CPV)VP2基因的核苷酸序列设计合成了两对特异性引物,对分离的病毒株进行PCR扩增,分别得到846 bp和815 bp的2个片段,PCR产物经纯化后测序,测序结果与GenBank中已发表的CPV参考株PLI-IV(typeFPV)、CPV-b(type2)、V154(type2a)、LCPV-V204(type2b)、LCPV-V139(type2c(a))和LCPV-V203(type2c(b))的VP2基因序列相比较,根据分析比较的数据结果,确定此株细小病毒为CPV-2a亚型.     

华南虎源大肠杆菌的快速鉴定及致病特性的初步研究

从患病华南虎分离病原菌,进行快速鉴定,同时以大肠杆菌16S rRNA基因的通用引物和irp2、papC、iucD、tsh、iss毒力基因的特异性引物进行PCR扩增、测序,并将扩增出来的irp2、iucD、iss基因序列与Genbank相应序列进行同源性分析。测序鉴定为大肠埃希氏菌,与传统细菌鉴定方法结果相一致,分离菌携带irp2、iucD、iss毒力基因,从毒力试验得到证实。其序列与Genbank上发表的iucD、iss基因序列同源性分别高达98%、99%,而irp2基因序列的同源性仅为48%。采用16S rRNA基因序列分析法可以对华南虎大肠埃希氏菌感染进行快速鉴定,华南虎源性大肠杆菌同时携带有irp2、iucD、iss 3个毒力基因,可能与其致病性有关系。     

犬细小病毒病原分离及分型研究

为查明4份疑为患细小病毒病军犬的病原及其特性,为进一步的免疫研究奠定基础,本试验将4份送检的犬肠道内容物过滤后分别接种猫肾细胞(F81),培养5 d后,未出现细胞病变的带毒盲传。同时提取病料的总DNA,用犬细小病毒的VP2特异性引物进行PCR扩增,PCR阳性产物克隆至pMD18-T载体测序,并与已知参考毒株序列进行比对及系统发育分析。测序结果表明,用F81细胞分离到4株细小病毒;经VP2基因比对分型结果表明,4株细小病毒毒株均属CPV-2a,分别命名为CPV-JQ、CPV-CM、CPV-M和CPV-KM。     

犬细小病毒YBYJ株NS1基因的克隆及序列分析

为了克隆YBYJ株犬细小病毒(CPV)NS1基因,并对其进行序列分析,试验选择Gen Bank中的CPV-NS1基因(登录号为NC_001539)序列设计1对特异性引物,以延边大学预防兽医学实验室分离的CPV YBYJ株为毒株,经PCR扩增得到NS1基因,将其克隆至p MD18-T simple载体,然后进行基因测序和序列分析。结果表明:YBYJ株CPV-NS1基因大小为2 007 bp,编码668个氨基酸,与国内外其他10株CPV-NS1基因的核苷酸同源性为98.0%~99.7%,氨基酸同源性为96.7%~99.7%。提示CPV-NS1基因变异较小,遗传进化相对稳定。     

一例猪圆环病毒2型和大肠杆菌、溶血葡萄球菌混合感染的诊断

山东德州某猪场发生猪高热、呼吸系统疾病甚至死亡的疫情。采集病料提取病变组织总DNA或RNA进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪瘟病毒的PCR或RT-PCR检测。PCR扩增出353 bp的猪圆环病毒2型特异性条带。同时进行细菌分离培养、生化鉴定等试验,诊断为猪圆环病毒2型和大肠杆菌、溶血葡萄球菌混合感染。     

牛、羊布鲁菌多重PCR方法的建立与应用

根据布鲁菌属特异性基因BCSP31和布鲁菌种间特异性标志IS711插入序列,设计合成了3对引物,以牛种布鲁菌544A、104M和羊种布鲁菌16M基因组DNA为模板,通过优化反应条件,建立了可同时检测布鲁菌属、牛种布鲁菌和羊种布鲁菌的多重PCR方法。牛种布鲁菌可扩增出301和114 bp 2条带,羊种布鲁菌可扩增出301和253 bp 2条带,该方法对牛种布鲁菌544A和羊种布鲁菌16M混合DNA模板的最小检出量为100 pg,对大肠杆菌O157∶H7、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌等15种参照菌的核酸扩增结果均为阴性。应用该方法对吉林省某牛场的106份粪便进行检测,虎红平板凝集试验作对照,结果PCR检测9份为阳性,且全为牛种布鲁菌阳性,对应的虎红平板凝集试验也为阳性。结果表明,建立的多重PCR方法具有良好的敏感性和特异性,为布鲁菌病的鉴别诊断提供了一种分子检测工具。     

小鹅瘟病毒H株VP3基因序列分析

试验利用PCR技术从自行分离的GPV基因组DNA中扩增出病毒衣壳蛋白VP3完整基因片段,并与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH 5α感受态细胞,提取重组质粒经PCR和酶切鉴定后,对插入片段进行序列测定及分析。结果表明,VP3基因全长1605 bp,编码534个氨基酸;分子生物学分析表明所分离到的病毒为强毒株。     

中国林蛙真伪品的PCR鉴别

本研究根据GenBank发表的哺乳类SRY核酸序列和禽类EcoRI家族序列设计1对引物,对中国林蛙真伪品进行了PCR扩增,并对特征条带进行了克隆测序。结果表明,PCR扩增产物有明显的区别,中国林蛙、黑龙江林蛙、黑斑蛙和中华大蟾蜍分别扩增出约1000、250、450、750bp的特征条带,通过对中国林蛙1000bp条带的克隆序列进行BLAST比对分析,找到了一些禽类的WZ染色体上的相关基因片段。     

Polymerase chain reaction screening for DNA viruses in paraffin-embedded brains from dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis, necrotizing leukoencephalitis, and granulomatous meningoencephalitis

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not herpesvirus (herpes-), adenovirus (adeno-), or canine parvovirus DNA is present in the brains of dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE), and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME). Paraffin-embedded brain specimens from 12 histopathologically confirmed dogs with NME, 3 with NLE, and 7 with GME were screened for viral DNA with degenerate herpes- and adenovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a canine parvovirus-specific PCR. Positive-control specimens included genomic viral DNA and paraffin-embedded tissues from dogs with confirmed herpes-, adeno-, or canine parvovirus infections. Herpes-, adeno-, or canine parvovirus DNA was amplified by PCR from the corresponding positive-control specimens. Negative controls included 7 dogs with various brain disorders and produced no viral amplicons. The 22 dogs with NME, NLE, and GME were negative for viral DNA. Additional studies testing for other viruses or inherited genetic mutations are warranted to gain insight into the etiologies of NME, NLE, and GME. We discuss potential etiologies and provide a clinical and histopathologic overview of these common canine encephalitides.     

猬迭宫绦虫线粒体cox3基因的克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在阐明猬迭宫绦虫湖南分离株线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅲ亚基（cox3）基因部分序列（pcox3）的遗传变异情况。利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增猬迭宫绦虫的pcox3,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,同时利用DNAStar 5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析,再用Phylip 3.67程序MP法绘制系统发育树,并与GenBank中已知猬迭宫绦虫相应基因序列进行比对分析。结果显示,所获得的pcox3序列长度一致,均为264 bp,湖南分离株与已知猬迭宫绦虫位于同一分支,来自湖南省的猬迭宫绦虫pcox3序列有微小差异。本研究结果为猬迭宫绦虫进一步的分类、鉴定和遗传变异研究奠定了基础     

禽大肠杆菌的分离与16S rRNA的鉴定

从疑似患有大肠杆菌病的病死鸡群中采取粪便样品,分离病原进行生化鉴定,从8份样品中分离鉴定出6株大肠杆菌。根据细菌16S rRNA 基因的高度保守性,设计合成大肠杆菌的共同引物,对随机选取的1株细菌进行PCR扩增,并与GenBank中的E.coli 16S rRNA进行序列比对,确定这株细菌与大肠杆菌的同源性达99%以上。本方法特异性好,为实验室鉴定大肠杆菌提供了一种简单、容易操作的手段。     

5株堆形艾美耳球虫线粒体cox3基因的扩增及序列分析

以5株堆形艾美耳球虫为研究对象,对其线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅲ亚基(cox3)的部分基因(pcox3)进行了PCR扩增、测序及序列分析,并与GenBank上已发表的顶复门原虫相关序列进行比较,研究其线粒体cox3基因遗传变异情况。结果每个虫株均获得572bp的目的片段,利用DNAStar软件进行序列比对,5株堆形艾美耳球虫线粒体pcox3序列完全一致,与疟原虫和住白细胞虫相应序列的相似性分别为51%和50%,而与泰勒虫的相似性少于50%。本研究首次报道了堆形艾美耳球虫pcox3序列,结果显示不同来源的堆形艾美耳球虫pcox3序列没有差异,与毒力无关,为进一步研究艾美耳球虫的群体遗传学奠定了基础。     

Infrequent detection of papillomaviral DNA within canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, haemangiosarcomas and healthy skin on the ventrum of dogs

Background – Canine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) most frequently develop on the ventral abdomen and are thought to be caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Papillomaviruses (PVs) have been associated with cutaneous SCCs in multiple species, including dogs. Hypothesis – That PVs act as cofactors in canine UV‐induced SCCs. Animals – The study was performed on skin from the ventrum of 60 dogs. These samples included 20 SCCs, 20 haemangiosarcomas and 20 samples of clinically normal skin. Two canine viral plaques were included as positive controls for PV. Methods – PCR was used to amplify PV DNA from all samples. Primers used included two sets of consensus primers and two sets of primers that were designed specifically to amplify PV DNA sequences detected in the viral plaques. Results – The MY09/11 consensus primers amplified PV DNA from both viral plaques. One plaque contained a DNA sequence (CfPV‐JM) that had been previously reported from a dog with multiple cutaneous SCCs. The other plaque contained a previously unreported PV DNA sequence. No PV DNA was amplified by either consensus primer from any of the ventrum skin samples. Primers designed specifically to amplify the CfPV‐JM sequence amplified DNA from one SCC, but no other sample. No PV DNA was amplified using the other specific PCR primer set. Conclusions and clinical importance – These results do not support a significant role for PVs in SCC development from the ventrum of dogs. However, they contribute another PV sequence to the list of PVs that have been associated with viral plaque development in dogs.     

Polymerase chain reaction analysis for viruses in paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis

OBJECTIVE: To perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and dogs with myocarditis to screen for canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus. SAMPLE POPULATION: Myocardial specimens from 18 dogs with an antemortem diagnosis of DCM and 9 dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of myocarditis were evaluated. PROCEDURE: Paraffin-embedded myocardial specimens were screened for viral genome by PCR analysis. Positive-control specimens were developed from cell cultures as well as paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from dogs with clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of viral infection with canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus. The histologic characteristics of all myocardial specimens were classified regarding extent, location, and type of inflammation and fibrosis. RESULTS: Canine adenovirus type 1 was amplified from 1 specimen from a dog with DCM. Canine parvovirus, adenovirus type 2, and herpesvirus were not amplified from any myocardial specimens. Histologic analysis of specimens from dogs with DCM revealed variable amounts of fibrosis; myocardial inflammation was observed in 1 affected dog. Histopathologic analysis of specimens from dogs with myocarditis disclosed variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Viral agents canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus are not commonly associated with DCM or active myocarditis in dogs. Additional studies evaluating for nucleic acid from viruses that less commonly affect dogs or different types of infectious agents may be warranted to gain insight into the cause of DCM and myocarditis in dogs.