高赖氨酸玉米和普通玉米对猪的营养价值评定

本试验用高赖氨酸玉米和普通玉米对猪的营养价值进行了评定。试验所用高赖氨酸玉米的粗蛋白质、赖氨酸、总氨基酸的含量分别为８．７％、０．３５％、７．２１％,普通玉米分别为９．４％、０．２７％、９．０３％。以高赖氨酸玉米代替饲粮中普通玉米,全期饲养１３７天,喂高赖氨酸玉米饲粮的猪比喂普通玉米饲粮的猪体重高４．５５千克,日增重提高６．９％。其中育肥后期阶段饲养４６天,喂高赖氨酸玉米组平均净增重和日增重为２９．６千克和６４４克,而喂普通玉米组为２６．０千克和５６６克,高赖氨酸玉米组比普通玉米组提高１３．８％,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。经屠宰测定,高赖氨酸玉米组瘦肉率为５５．４％,比普通玉米组提高２．６个百分点;背膘厚度,高赖氨酸玉米组比普通玉米组降低１．０６厘米,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

玉米、玉米副产品和面包副产品饲喂生长猪的氨基酸消化率

文章旨在测定面包副产品、玉米蛋白粉、玉米糠麸饲料、玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸的粗蛋白（CP）和氨基酸（AA）的表观回肠消化率（AID）和标准回肠消化率（SID）,并将这些值与玉米和玉米干酒精糟及可溶物（DDGS）的粗蛋白和氨基酸表观回肠消化率和标准回肠消化率进行比较。8头生长阉公猪[初始体重(82.5±5.5) kg],随机分配,按照8×8的拉丁方设计,8种日粮和8个阶段。日粮分别以玉米、DDGS、面包副产品、玉米蛋白粉、玉米糠麸饲料、玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸作为唯一的蛋白和氨基酸来源。使用无氮日粮测定氨基酸和蛋白质的基础内源性损失。试验日粮分成8个阶段饲喂给试验猪只,每个阶段7 d,每个阶段的第6和第7 d收集回肠食糜。结果显示,玉米蛋白粉的赖氨酸SID（78.7%）高于（P<0.01）DDGS、面包副产品、玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸的赖氨酸SID (分别为46.0%、48.4%、68.4%和58.8%)。面包副产品和DDGS的必需氨基酸（除精氨酸、亮氨酸和蛋氨酸外）的SID没有差异。玉米糠麸饲料的精氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸和蛋氨酸的SID比玉米的低（P<0.01）,除此之外,其他所有必需氨基酸的SID,玉米糠麸饲料和玉米没有显著差异。然而,对于大多数的必需氨基酸而言,玉米糠麸饲料和DDGS的SID没有差异。除精氨酸、组氨酸、亮氨酸和蛋氨酸外,玉米胚芽粕的必需氨基酸SID和玉米的必需氨基酸SID没有差异。同样地,除精氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸外,玉米胚芽粕的必需氨基酸SID和DDGS的必需氨基酸SID没有差异。玉米麸的异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸SID低于玉米的（P<0.01）,但是除此之外的其他必需氨基酸的SID玉米麸和玉米没有差异。除精氨酸和赖氨酸外,玉米麸的所有其他必需氨基酸的SID和DDGS的必需氨基酸的SID没有差异,玉米麸的精氨酸和赖氨酸的SID高于（P<0.01）DDGS的精氨酸和赖氨酸的SID。总之,面包副产品的大多数氨基酸的SID低于玉米的,但是,玉米蛋白粉的大多数氨基酸的SID高于玉米、面包副产品和玉米副产品的氨基酸SID。     

优质蛋白玉米和普通玉米氨基酸消化率的比较研究

400日龄海兰褐父母代种公鸡16只,采用无氮日粮法测定了优质蛋白玉米和普通玉米的氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率,结果表明:优质蛋白玉米中的总赖氨酸(+25%)、组氨酸(+29%)、色氨酸(+15%)、精氨酸(+16%)、天门冬氨酸(+20%)、脯氨酸(+19%)含量高于普通玉米;亮氨酸(-20%)、苯丙氨酸(-22%)含量低于普通玉米;其他氨基酸含量比较相近;另外,亮氨酸∶异亮氨酸低于普通玉米,分别为2.97∶1和3.42∶1。优质蛋白玉米中除了胱氨酸的表观消化率(P<0.05)、真消化率(P<0.05)高于普通玉米外,其他各种氨基酸的表观消化率、真消化率以及总氨基酸的表观消化率、真消化率与普通玉米相近(P>0.05)。由此可知,优质蛋白玉米的氨基酸组成有所改善,而氨基酸消化率没有降低。     

青贮玉米和黄贮玉米对奶牛产量和牛奶营养成分的影响

为了研究青贮玉米和黄贮玉米对牛奶营养成分的影响,将16头牛随机分为2组,每组8头,进行青贮玉米与黄贮玉米饲喂奶牛对比试验。分别比较青贮玉米和黄贮玉米对牛奶产量和脂肪、蛋白质、干物质含量的影响。结果表明,青贮玉米对提升奶牛的产量有较好的效果。全株青贮玉米较黄贮玉米在脂肪、蛋白质、干物质三项指标均有提高。     

高赖氨酸玉米和普通玉米对猪氨基酸消化率的影响

本文用高赖氨酸玉米和普通玉米对猪进行了消化试验、氮平衡试验及氨基酸利用率测定.结果表明,高赖氨酸玉米和普通玉米干物质消化率分别为88.3%和78%,粗蛋白消化率分别为76%和63.8%,有机物消化率分别为90%和79.2%,3项指标高赖氨酸玉米均显著高于普通玉米.高赖氨酸玉米组氮沉积量为18.1±1.9克,普通玉米组为15.6±3.4克,高赖氨酸玉米组略高,差异不显著(P>0.05).无论是用回肠食糜分析法,还是用粪分析法,测定高赖氨酸玉米与普通玉米各种氨基酸的表观消化率和真消化率都存在显著差异(P相似文献   

玉米、玉米蛋白粉、菜籽粕和玉米干酒糟可溶物的猪消化能值测定

平均体重 50.9kg生长猪 ,采用全收粪法, 6× 6拉丁方试验设计,测定玉米、玉米蛋白粉、玉米干酒糟可溶物（ DDGS）和菜籽粕的表观消化能及其能量消化率。试验结果玉米、玉米蛋白粉（ CP:52％）、玉米蛋白粉（ CP:47.4％）、玉米蛋白粉（ CP:32％）、玉米干酒糟可溶物（ DDGS）和菜籽粕的表观消化能分别为 13 43MJ/kg、 15 52MJ/kg、 16 11MJ/kg、 16 32MJ/kg、 12 01MJ/kg和 10 21MJ/kg;其能量消化率分别为 81.79％、 78.81％、 81.03％、 87.68％、 59.58％和 57.84％。     

我国取消玉米和玉米面粉出口关税

记者从财政部了解到，我国从12月1日开始取消玉米和玉米面粉出口关税，同时，还将降低化肥，小麦，大米和大米面粉等出口关税.     

青贮玉米秸秆和风干玉米秸秆育肥山羊的比较试验

为了科学地利用玉米秸秆、发展家畜舍饲，用青贮玉米秸秆和风干玉米秸秆开展山羊育肥的对比试验。青贮玉米秸秆育肥山羊比风干玉米秸秆育肥山羊平均日增重高58．35g，育肥60d后前者纯收入高于后者8．12倍。青贮玉米秸秆加玉米粉精料育肥山羊是提高玉米秸秆利用率、发展舍饲家畜育肥的有效途径。     

青贮玉米秸秆和风干玉米秸秆育肥山羊的比较试验

为了科学地利用玉米秸秆、发展家畜舍饲，用青贮玉米秸秆和风干玉米秸秆开展山羊育肥的对比试验。青贮玉米秸秆育肥山羊比风干玉米秸秆育肥山羊平均日地重高58．35g，育肥60d后前者纯收入高于后者8．12倍。青贮玉米秸秆加玉米粉精料育肥山羊是提高玉米秸秆利用率、发展舍饲家畜育肥的有效途径。     

美国专家:玉米和世界玉米存在上涨潜力

12月6日消息:据美国艾伦代尔公司副总裁、分析师乔·维克多撰文指出,尽管美国玉米期末库存数量庞大,继续对玉米市场构成压力,但是无论是美国玉米还是世界玉米,都存在上涨的潜力。从美国玉米的期末库存和用量比看,目前达到21.4%,相比之下,最为接近今年水平的是1992年的24.9%,而在1992年,玉米期货价格在12月底之前上涨了4.5美分。从美国玉米出口表现看,按照过去四周的进度,美国玉米出口有可能达到美国农业部当前所预测的20亿蒲式耳的目标,因为近期的出口表现良好。不过,市场也需要警惕随着玉米价格的反弹,美国玉米是否还继续保持有足够的竞争…     

带穗玉米静贮与玉米秸秆青贮饲养育成牛的试验

为了证实带穗玉米青贮饲养育成奶牛的效果，采样分析了带穗玉米青贮和玉米秸秆青贮的营养成分，并且以２６头６～９月龄的荷坦育成牛进行了４０ｄ的配对饲养试验。结果表明：带穗玉米青贮的粗蛋白质和磷含量均高于玉米秸秆青贮。饲喂带穗玉米青贮的试验组牛的日粮营养平衡情况优于饲喂玉米秸秆青贮的对照组牛，试验组牛和对照组的日增重分别为１１９２．５和９９５．０ｇ，日增重水平提高１９．８５％，增重效益提高２１．０２％。．     

Nutritional value for swine of extruded corn and corn fractions obtained after dry milling

The experiment was designed to assess whether corn fractions or extrusion of corn can result in feed ingredients with a greater nutritional value than corn. Corn grain (8.0% CP, 0.21% P, 9.8% NDF) was processed by extrusion (82.8 degrees C, 345 kPa steam pressure for 12 s) or by dry milling to derive fractions rich in germ (13.1% CP, 1.19% P, 17.2% NDF), hulls (8.1% CP, 0.27% P, 32.6% NDF), and endosperm, namely tails (6.6% CP, 0.07% P, 3.6% NDF) and throughs (7.4% CP, 0.15% P, 4.5% NDF). Relative recovery in each fraction was 16, 20, 44, and 20%, respectively. Ileal digestibility of DM, P, and amino acids was determined using diets containing 7.0% CP from soybean meal and 5.3% CP from one of the test products. To allow for determination of standardized ingredient, ileal digestibility, basal endogenous AA losses were determined using a protein-free diet (74.6% cornstarch and 18.7% sucrose). Soybean meal ileal digestibility was determined using a diet (12.3% CP) based on soybean meal (23.3%). Eight barrows (27 +/- 2 kg) fitted with T-cannulas were fed 8 experimental diets (5-d adaptation and 2-d collection period) such that each diet was evaluated in at least 5 barrows. Relative to corn (77.9 +/- 1.2%), ileal digestibility of DM was greater for extruded corn (82.5%; P = 0.02), tails (85.9%; P < 0.01), and throughs (85.0%; P < 0.01), but it was lower for hulls (62.2%; P < 0.01) and germ (51.1%; P < 0.01). For P, corn (41.6 +/- 9.5%), throughs (47.2%), and hulls (57.3%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (7.9%) had lower ileal digestibility (P = 0.02) than corn; tails (27.6%) and extruded corn (23.5%) were not different from corn or germ but were lower than throughs and hulls. For total AA, corn (84.7 +/- 2.4%), throughs (84.3%), and hulls (85.8%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (76.6%) had lower ileal digestibility (P < 0.01) than corn; tails (82.0%) and extruded corn (81.7%) were intermediate. In conclusion, germ and hulls have a low ileal DM digestibility; germ also has low AA and P digestibility. Extrusion improved the ileal DM digestibility of corn. To maximize the ileal digestibility, removal of germ and hull from corn or extrusion of corn may thus be of interest.     

全株玉米青贮与湿玉米芯饲喂肉牛效果对比

[目的]试验旨在研究全株玉米青贮与湿玉米芯饲喂肉牛效果对比,[方法]选择体重450 kg左右的西门塔尔杂交牛30头,随机分为2组,保证精饲料不变,分别饲喂全株玉米青贮与湿玉米芯,试验期70 d。[结果]结果表明,(1)全株玉米青贮组的日增重显著高于玉米芯组(P<0.01),比玉米芯组高出20.92%,全株玉米青贮组的料重比较玉米芯组低21.16%;(2)每头牛全株玉米青贮组的养殖效益为15.38元/d,比玉米芯组高出52.37%。[结论]综上所述,全株玉米青贮组的饲喂效果优于湿玉米芯组。     

Wet corn gluten feed and alfalfa hay combinations in steam-flaked corn finishing cattle diets

One finishing trial and one digestibility trial were used to evaluate wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and alfalfa hay (AH) combinations in steam-flaked corn (SFC) finishing diets. In Exp. 1, 631 crossbred heifers (initial BW = 284 +/- 7.9 kg) were fed SFC-based diets containing combinations of WCGF (25, 35, or 45% of diet DM) and AH (2 or 6% of dietary DM) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. No interactions existed between WCGF and AH for heifer performance. Increasing dietary WCGF linearly decreased gain efficiency (P < 0.01), dietary NEg concentration (P < 0.05), and 12th-rib fat thickness (P = 0.10). Cattle fed 35% WCGF had the lowest occurrence of abscessed livers, resulting in a quadratic response (P < 0.05) as dietary WCGF increased. In Exp. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated Jersey steers (585 kg) were fed SFC-based diets containing combinations of WCGF (25 or 45% of diet DM) and AH (0, 2, or 6% of diet DM) in an incomplete Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Starch intake was lower (P < 0.05), but NDF intake was greater (P < 0.05) as AH and WCGF increased in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased by AH (linear, P < 0.05) and tended (P < 0.07) to increase with WCGF. Feeding 2% AH led to the greatest ruminal NH3 but the lowest total VFA and propionate (quadratic, P < 0.05). Addition of AH to diets containing 25% WCGF increased acetate to a greater extent than addition to diets containing 45% WCGF (AH x WCGF interaction, P < 0.05). Feeding 45% WCGF tended to increase passage rate (P = 0.17) and decrease (P < 0.05) total tract OM digestibility but increase (P < 0.05) in situ degradation of DM from AH and WCGF. Interactions between AH and WCGF existed (P < 0.05) for ruminal fluid volume (quadratic effect of AH x WCGF level), in situ SFC degradation (linear effect of AH x WCGF level), and in situ rate of WCGF DM disappearance (quadratic effect of AH x WCGF level). We conclude that AH levels may be decreased when WCGF is added to SFC diets as 25% or more of the dietary DM.     

玉米中真菌的分离和鉴定

通过对随机抽样的某饲料厂购进的玉米进行了真菌的分离与鉴定，结果共分离出真菌70株，其中藻菌纲60株，黑根霉37株，总状枝毛霉11株，枝霉属7株，刺状枝霉属5株；半知菌纲10株，普通青霉3株，鲜绿青霉2株，寄生曲霉3株，黄曲霉2株。     

玉米胚芽粕质量安全现状与应用

随着现代生物技术在玉米深加工产业中的发展和应用,副产品的产量越来越大。玉米胚芽粕是一种以玉米纤维和蛋白质为主的高营养物质,生物效价PER值与WHO/FAO推荐值相近,近似于人奶和鸡蛋生物学价值,目前已用于育肥猪、反刍动物和家禽饲料添加。本研究对玉米胚芽粕的品质进行分析,以期将这一廉价的饲料资源进一步合理开发利用,取得更高的经济效益。