肠道细菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链式反应指纹图谱技术用于细菌分型的研究进展

肠道细菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链式反应(enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction,ERIC-PCR)指纹图谱技术利用普遍存在于生物体内的ERIC进行引物设计,通过基因扩增,获得能够表征其基因组结构的产物,该方法简单易行、重复性好、用时短,被广泛应用于细菌基因分型及同源性判别。本文简述细菌分型的研究背景和ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术的原理及特点,归纳该技术在细菌基因分型方面的优缺点及其在常见食源性致病菌基因分型中的应用现状,并对ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术应用于乳品企业污染菌溯源的研究进行展望。     

DNA指纹技术及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用

ＤＮＡ指纹技术主要是利用卫星ＤＮＡ探针和适当的限制性内切酶，通过Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交产生相应的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱的一种分子生物学方法。本文介绍了ＤＮＡ指纹技术的产生、原理、ＤＮＡ指纹图谱的特点、产生过程和ＤＮＡ指纹技术在畜禽遗传育种上的应用。     

指纹图谱技术在牧草种和品种鉴定上的应用及其研究进展

通过概述指纹图谱技术在牧草种和品种鉴定技术的研究、指纹图谱的分类，比较分析了各种鉴定方法及其不足，并对指纹图谱技术的应用前景进行了探讨。     

DNA指纹技术分析畜禽亲缘关系的原理及应用

本文概述了DNA指纹技术的原理、方法、特点及其在应用上的局限性和利用DNA指纹技术分析亲缘关系的研究进展,同时介绍了用DNA指纹图谱进行畜禽亲缘关系分析的一般统计方法.     

DNA指纹技术分析畜禽亲缘关系的原理及应用

本文概述了DNA指纹技术的原理、方法、特点及其在应用上的局限性和利用DNA指纹技术分析亲缘关系的研究进展，同时介绍了用DNA指纹图谱进行畜禽亲缘关系分析的一般统计方法。     

指纹图谱在中药行业的应用及其在蜂产品中应用的展望

本文介绍了指纹图谱的概念、主要应用领域和发展方向,并对指纹图谱在蜂产品中应用的必要性和可行性进行了阐述,认为指纹图谱技术将成为新世纪蜂产品质控平台的主要构建手段,为我国蜂产品优质品牌的创建奠定坚实的基础。     

用质粒DNA指纹图谱分析法研究鸡源大肠杆菌的流行病学特征

从北京市郊区数个集约化养鸡场的大肠杆菌感染鸡群的死鸡，毛蛋的心血中分离到３３株细菌，经形态、培养特性及生化反应鉴定为大肠埃希氏杆菌简称大肠杆菌。对其中１９株作本动物回归试验结果表明，全都为致病性大肠杆菌。从而证明从死鸡（毛蛋）心血中分离到的大肠杆菌与其致病性密切相关。质粒指纹图谱技术是目前医学界用于细菌性疾病流行病学调查，病原追踪的一项新技术，本试验３３株细菌的质粒指纹图谱结果表明，北京郊区数个集     

指纹图谱技术在六安瓜片茶上的研究进展

介绍了六安瓜片茶叶的历史及优良的品质,并综述了指纹图谱技术在茶叶上的利用,以及六安瓜片茶指纹图谱技术建立的意义。通过前期的研究认为六安瓜片指纹图谱技术可以作为评判六安瓜片茶品质优劣等级的方法,以达到控制茶叶的质量安全。     

HPLC指纹图谱在蜂蜜种类识别中的应用研究

本文主要介绍了指纹图谱技术在蜂蜜种类识别和蜂蜜活性物质研究中的应用，并提出了我国开展蜂蜜指纹图谱研究的意义。     

指纹图谱技术在中草药黄芪鉴别中的应用

<正>每个人都有指纹,但指纹却各不相同,每一味中药的特性和有效成分也千差万别。通过提取这些特性,结合现代分析技术手段,将中药的特性和有效成分表征出来(即指纹图谱),此过程是用指纹图谱来评价中药质量的基础和关键。用适当的分析手段进行中药指纹图谱研究是非常必要的。1中草药指纹图谱技术在中草药质量评定中的应用1.1稳定、质量可靠的中药材是建立指纹图谱的基础。中药材是生产中药饮片和中成药的重要     

Application of polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting to differentiate Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an infectious respiratory pathogen of chickens, turkeys, and wild birds. There are 18 serotypes of ORT reported worldwide. In this study, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay with Universal M13 primer-based fingerprinting techniques were investigated for their ability to differentiate ORT isolates. The authors examined 50 field isolates and 8 reference strains of ORT for their genetic differences. The fingerprint patterns were compared with serotyping results of ORT by the agar gel precipitation test. M13 fingerprinting revealed different patterns for 6 reference serotypes of ORT that were tested, namely, C, D, E, I, J, and K. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale reference serotypes A and F yielded indistinguishable fingerprints with M13 fingerprinting. The ERIC 1R technique discerned only 5 of the 8 reference serotypes of ORT. Distinct fingerprints were also found within the ORT serotypes with both techniques. From 58 isolates of ORT that were fingerprinted belonging to 8 ORT serotypes, 10 different fingerprints were obtained with M13 fingerprinting and 6 different fingerprints were obtained with ERIC 1R fingerprinting. M13 fingerprinting technique was found to be more discriminative in differentiating ORT isolates than the ERIC 1R fingerprinting technique. These results suggest that fingerprinting techniques may be a more discerning tool for characterizing ORT isolates than the serological test using the agar gel precipitation test. This fingerprinting technique could potentially be a valuable tool in identifying an isolate from a clinical outbreak of ORT infection for development of an autogenous vaccine.     

The use of molecular fingerprinting techniques in environmental hygiene

The analysis of epidemiological pathways for the transmission of pathogens via the environment is a fundamental task in the field of environmental hygiene. The task demands for a precise differentiation between isolates. This can be done by sophisticated techniques for differentiation which are based on phenotypic or genotypic features. The fingerprinting of DNA is a powerful tool in this context. A survey is given for different kinds of RFLP-analysis, plasmid profiling, and PCR fingerprinting as well regarding their principles, methodical variations and published applications. Notable limitations of the applications are also discussed.     

Putative transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection from a human to a dog

A 3.5-year-old Yorkshire Terrier was evaluated for anorexia and vomiting; infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed by use of histology, bacteriologic culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on various tissues. The dog was living with a human with an established M. tuberculosis infection. Findings were unique in that diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection was obtained via PCR techniques, and isolates from the owner and dog were matched via restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting. Dogs infected with M. tuberculosis from humans are most commonly infected via the respiratory tract. Clinical signs in dogs are variable and depend on the integrity of the immune system and the degree of dissemination. Diagnosis can often be obtained through histopathology and bacteriologic culture; additional diagnostic techniques are also available. Treatment of a dog with confirmed M. tuberculosis infection is controversial, and at least 6 months of multidrug treatment is required.     

Epidemiologic studies on infectious coryza outbreaks in northern New South Wales, Australia, using serotyping, biotyping, and chromosomal DNA restriction endonuclease analysis

The epidemiology of 16 cases of infectious coryza, an upper respiratory tract disease of chickens caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum, was investigated in a retrospective study. The cases occurred over a 14-month period on 10 farms in northern New South Wales. The available field data indicated that the cases formed six unrelated outbreaks. The 16 isolates of H. paragallinarum were subjected to serotyping by the Page and Kume schemes and biotyping based on carbohydrate fermentation and antimicrobial drug-resistance patterns. As well, newer fingerprinting techniques--plasmid profiles, whole-cell protein profiles, immunoblots of whole-cell protein profiles and total DNA restriction endonuclease analysis (REA)--were evaluated. Antimicrobial biotyping and REA profile typing proved most useful, allowing the recognition of three groups among the isolates. The other techniques gave either limited or no subdivision among the isolates. The combined results of the laboratory study indicated that, rather than six unrelated outbreaks, the 16 isolates represented three pairs of related outbreaks. This study represents the first application of sensitive biotyping and fingerprinting techniques to outbreaks of infectious coryza. The results have established that farms can be repeatedly infected with a single strain of H. paragallinarum that re-emerges at intervals. This study also obtained the first detailed evidence that replacement stock are a major source of infectious coryza.     

微卫星标记技术及其在蚕学研究中的应用前景

微卫星标记 ,又称SSR(simplesequencerepeat)标记 ,是目前运用最广的遗传标记之一。介绍了SSR标记的特征 ,产生多态性的基本原理 ,获得SSR标记的途径以及多态性数据的统计分析方法。解释了SSR标记使用过程中遇到的所谓“影子带”现象。展望了SSR标记技术在家蚕基因组研究中的应用前景。     

DGGE/TGGE技术在微生物生态学中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳(deaturing grad ien t ge l e lectrophores is,DGGE)和温度梯度凝胶电泳(tem perature grad ien t ge le lectrophores is,TGGE)可以直接分离PCR扩增片段,作为一种分子指纹技术而逐渐被人们应用于微生态研究中。通过DGGE/TGGE对微生物组成的遗传特性进行表征,不但省去了菌种分离耗时耗力的工作量,更可鉴定出根据传统方法无法分离出来的菌种。作者重点描述了DGGE/TGGE的基本原理以及在胃肠道微生态研究中的应用。     

Biochemical Phenotypes of Salmonella Livingstone Isolated from Humans,Animals and Feedstuffs in Sweden

Salmonella Livingstone is occasionaly isolated from humans, animals and feedstuffs in Sweden. To follow the spread of infection and trace the source of isolates, adequate typing methods are needed. We have developed an automated typing system based on biochemical fingerprinting of bacteria (the PhP system) for typing of different Salmonella serotypes. The system measures the kinetics of various biochemical reactions of bacteria grown in liquid medium in microtiter plates and uses numerical techniques to identify biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) among the tested strains. In the present study we used a set of 16 highly discriminatory tests to differentiate strains of Salmonella of serotype Livingstone and evaluated the system for its discriminatory ability using a collection of 34 unrelated human isolates of S. Livingstone. We also used the system to investigate BPTs of 45 Livingstone strains isolated from animals and feedstuffs in Sweden between 1987 and 1991. Altogether 19 different BPTs were found among human isolate giving a diversity index (Di) of 0.930. In contrast, most strains isolated from animals and feedstuffs in Sweden belonged to 2 dominating BPTs (Di = 0.704). One of these contained 17 strains mainly isolated during 1992 whereas the other contained 18 strains isolated between 1987 and 1991. None of the Swedish human isolates were identical to those of animals and feedstuffs. These findings suggest that 2 different BPTs of Salmonella Livingstone strains are particularly common among animals and feedstuffs in Sweden and that they are not related to human cases of enteritis in this country. We also conclude that biochemical fingerprinting with the PhP system is a reliable and highly discriminatory method for detecting epidemic strains of Salmonella Livingstone.     

Use of DNA fingerprinting in paternity analysis of closely-related Exmoor ponies

DNA fingerprinting techniques were used to try to resolve the parentage of an Exmoor pony foal. Three young Exmoor ponies, one female and two males, shared a paddock and the female subsequently became pregnant. The two possible sires were three-quarter siblings and were also half-siblings to the dam. Southern hybridisation of Exmoor pony DNA with human mini-satellite probes resolved the disputed parentage in spite of the fact that there was a 70 per cent band share between the individuals involved. Colt M6 was 2.06 times more likely to be the father than an uncle, and Colt M3 was 477 times more likely to be an uncle than the father.     

广西地区副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分型研究

为探讨肠道细菌基因间重复序列(ERIC)的聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术用于副猪嗜血杆菌基因分型的可行性,对分离自广西地区不同猪场的22株副猪嗜血杆菌进行ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分型研究.结果发现,22株分离株显示出12种指纹图谱,可以区分无法进行血清分型的菌株.表明ERIC-PCR可适用于对副猪嗜血杆菌进行分子流行病学调...     

苜蓿遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SSR和ISSR分析

在苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)基因组SSR和ISSR分析的基础上,筛选出8对SSR引物和12个ISSR随机引物,通过PCR扩增在55个国内外苜蓿品种(品系)中获得126条多态性位点.利用SSR和ISSR标记对其DNA指纹图谱和遗传多样性进行研究.采用类平均法(UPGMA)Nei氏距离进行聚类分析,将55个苜蓿种质划分为4个大类群和7个类型,为苜蓿引种、亲本选配和种质资源评价提供依据.分子标记分析结果表明:我国苜蓿地方品种遗传基础广阔,在基因型表现特异性的同时又有较强的地域性;我国苜蓿育成品种间的遗传距离大,表现出遗传基础的异质性.