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植物乳杆菌是一类异源乳酸菌,发现于人体。近年来,大量研究表明植物乳杆菌对动物肠道形态、菌群组成、营养物质吸收、机体抗氧化能力和免疫应答等方面均有有益作用,且广泛应用于畜禽生产,受到学术界的高度关注。本文主要对植物乳杆菌动物肠道的作用及其在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述。 相似文献
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肠道是动物营养吸收和代谢产物排泄的主要功能场所,更是机体中最大的免疫器官。影响肠道健康的主要因素之一就是微生物的相互平衡。乳酸菌是肠道中常驻的优势有益菌群,某些特殊乳酸菌株可调节肠道菌群与免疫功能,可辅助肠道功能,促进动物的健康与生产性能。自然界各个环境或动物肠道中都存有大量的乳酸菌。研究表明,以SYNTEK?thorough菌种优化制造技术从植物素材中筛选出的植物乳杆菌LP28(Lactobacillus plantarum LP28),可吸附肠道、刺激血液外围淋巴细胞分泌细胞激素(cytokine),并且其调节免疫功能的能力比其他商用乳酸菌株更加优异,是作为调节禽畜免疫益生菌的潜力菌株。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨抗性淀粉(RS)对饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)大鼠排便状况及肠道菌群的影响,为合理利用RS提供依据。选用100只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为2组,对照组10只饲喂基础饲粮,高脂组(HF组)90只饲喂高脂饲粮,7周后根据体重从HF组筛选出DIO大鼠27只,随机分为3组,每组9只,分别为HF组(饲喂高脂饲粮)、高脂饲粮抗性淀粉组(HFRS组,饲喂含10%RS的高脂饲粮)、高脂饲粮抗性淀粉+硫酸葡聚糖(DS)组(HFRS+DS组,饲喂含10%RS的高脂饲粮),试验期间HFRS+DS组每天用5%DS 1 m L灌胃,其他组分别用蒸馏水1 m L灌胃,试验期5周。于第7、12周收集新鲜成形大便1 g,稀释后用选择性培养基进行肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、类杆菌检测并计数菌落总数。结果表明:1)试验第7周时,与对照组相比,HF组大鼠粪便湿重、粪便含水率以及粪样中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),粪便颗粒数、粪样中肠杆菌数量显著升高(P0.05)。2)试验第12周时,与对照组相比,HF组DIO大鼠粪便湿重、粪便含水率以及粪样中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),粪便颗粒数、粪样中肠杆菌数量显著升高(P0.05);与HF组相比,HFRS组DIO大鼠粪便湿重、粪便干重、粪便含水率以及粪样中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量均显著升高(P0.05),粪便颗粒数、粪样中肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);与HFRS组相比,HFRS+DS组DIO大鼠粪便湿重、粪便含水率以及粪样中双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),粪样中肠杆菌、肠球菌数量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,RS可改善DIO大鼠排便状况和高脂饲粮造成的肠道菌群紊乱。 相似文献
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van den Bogaard AE 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(18):590-595
Antibiotic use not only selects for resistance in pathogenic bacteria, but also in the commensal flora of exposed individuals. Veterinary surgeons regularly prescribe antibiotics for food animals to treat bacterial infections just as doctors do for human patients. In addition, however, animal feeds contain added antibiotics not for therapy but for economic reasons: to enhance the growth rate of these animals. Several of the antibiotics used as growth promoters are analogues of and fully cross resistant with important antibiotics used in human medicine. As a result of this high exposure to antibiotics, the prevalence of resistant bacteria in the faecal flora of these animals is high. These resistant bacteria can be directly and indirectly, via foods of animal origin, transferred to humans and either colonize the human intestinal tract or exchange their resistance genes with commensal bacteria of humans. As the intestinal flora functions as a reservoir of resistance genes for pathogenic bacteria and because many bacterial species of the intestinal flora are potential pathogens, the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in human medicine may be jeopardized. 相似文献
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大蒜素是一种从大蒜中提取的含硫化合物,具有安全性高、无残留、不产生耐药性、抗菌谱广、无配伍禁忌等优点。大蒜素的生理功能包括降低血糖和血压、抗氧化、增强免疫力和抑制有害细菌等,并且在动物生产中发挥着维持动物肠道健康、改善肠道菌群、调节脂肪沉积等作用。作为饲料添加剂的大蒜素主要为化学合成类型。首先合成二烯丙基二硫醚,再通过氧化反应合成大蒜素,在实验室中大蒜素还可以通过过氧化氢、过氧邻苯二甲酸镁或氯代苯甲酸氧化二烯丙基二硫化物来合成。在实际生产中,大蒜素对反刍动物有促生长、提高饲料消化率、改善瘤胃发酵等诸多功能。大蒜素还可以通过抑制瘤胃内产甲烷菌活性和减少产甲烷菌数量来降低瘤胃甲烷产量。作者主要介绍了大蒜素的合成、理化特性及其生理功能,并阐述了在反刍动物中应用大蒜素的研究成果,以期为大蒜素在反刍动物生产中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Allicin is a sulfur compound extracted from garlic,which has the advantages of high safety,no residue,no drug resistance,wide antibacterial spectrum,no incompatibility and so on.The physiological functions of allicin include reducing blood sugar and blood pressure,anti-oxidation,enhancing immunity and inhibiting harmful bacteria,and plays a role in maintaining animal intestinal health,improving intestinal flora and regulating fat deposition in animal production.Allicin,as a feed additive,is mainly of chemical synthesis type.Diallyl disulfide is synthesized at first,and then allicin is synthesized by oxidation reaction.Allicin can also be synthesized by hydrogen peroxide,magnesium peroxy phthalate or chlorobenzoic acid oxidizing diallyl disulfide in the laboratory.In actual production,allicin can promote the growth of ruminants,improve feed digestibility,improve rumen fermentation.Allicin can also reduce rumen methane production by inhibiting the activity of methanogenic bacteria in the rumen and reducing the number of methanogenic bacteria.The authors mainly introduced the synthesis,physical and chemical properties and physiological functions of allicin,and expounded the research results and prospects of the application of allicin in ruminants,in order to provide reference for the better application of allicin in ruminant production. 相似文献
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饲用益生菌对动物肠道免疫调节的作用机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
益生菌即一类以活菌为主的新型饲料添加剂,其活菌能在动物肠道内定植,维护肠道菌群平衡,并刺激肠黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而增强机体抗病力.本文对益生菌的免疫刺激及其作用机理进行综述. 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌属于革兰氏阳性菌,非致病菌,其芽孢是其一种休眠体,能抵御外界恶劣的环境条件。该菌细胞壁不含内毒素,具有单层细胞外膜,动物肠道中枯草芽孢能直接分泌蛋白质到胞外。枯草芽孢杆菌是一种存在于动物的肠道中的有益菌,参与维持肠道内环境的平衡与稳定,且可刺激机体释放分泌型免疫球蛋白,有利于肠道黏膜的局部免疫,进而增强机体免疫力。因其对体液免疫和细胞免疫的特性,其菌体成为当今制备黏膜免疫疫苗的一种理想的疫苗载体。枯草芽孢杆菌具有独特的优势,使其能作为便于推广的疫苗载体进行研究。文章主要对枯草芽孢杆菌的黏膜免疫机制及其作为疫苗载体研究和应用前景进行阐述。 相似文献
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凝结芽孢杆菌制剂对仔猪生长性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
凝结芽孢杆菌除具有一般乳酸菌的维持肠道微生态平衡,刺激免疫,促进动物消化等益生作用外,还具有耐高温、耐酸和耐胆盐等高抗逆性,且具有较强的抑制肠道致病菌能力。选择21日龄仔猪,体重在6 kg左右90头,公母各半,分成三个组,分别为对照组(饲喂教槽料),试验组1组(饲喂添加0.1%凝结芽孢杆菌制剂)、试验2组(饲喂添加0.2%凝结芽孢杆菌制剂),每组30头,每组3个重复,试验期为10 d。试验结果表明:试验期间仔猪的毛色状态和精神状态指标较对照组均有所改善,试验组2平均日增重与试验组1和对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),腹泻率和死亡率也有所下降,在添加量为0.2%凝结芽孢杆菌的日粮中效果优于添加量为0.1%的日粮。 相似文献
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Since a case of a veterinarian was reported, who was likely to be infected/intoxicated by Clostridium botulinum during the handling of a diseased animal, tonsils in animals were tested for botulinum neurotoxin and bacterial forms of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum during routine botulism laboratory examinations including standard samples (intestinal tract and liver) from 48 cattle, 11 horses, and 14 goats. Ten out of 60 samples from tonsils contained free botulinum toxin, and 12 out of 59 were positive for live toxin producing bacteria. In 32 out of 162 intestinal samples toxin was detected. Toxin producing bacteria were found in 37 samples. Eight of 56 liver samples contained free toxin, and 15 out of 43 toxigenic bacteria. Samples from 10 slaughter pigs were all negative, whereas from slaughter cattle tonsils had a high incidence of toxin (7 of 10) or toxigenic bacteria (2 of 8). The results are discussed in the context of effects on animal health and botulism as zoonosis. 相似文献
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近年来集约化养殖已成为畜牧业的发展方向,养殖规模越来越大,特别是生猪养殖是关乎民生的支柱性产业,占整个畜牧业养殖规模的一半以上。如何在保证生猪养殖业可持续发展的基础上,提高生产效益并达成无抗养殖已成为当下的研究热点。凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)作为一种新型饲用益生菌,兼具乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌的性质,既能产生乳酸,又能形成芽孢;具有改善生猪肠道健康、提高机体免疫力和抗病能力、调节肠道菌群平衡和提高动物生产性能等作用,在生猪养殖中具有很大的应用前景。作者概述了凝结芽孢杆菌的生物学特性;重点总结了凝结芽孢杆菌在无抗日粮、替抗方案、有抗日粮、与其他添加剂混合使用以及其他方面对生猪生产性能的影响;并从肠道健康与消化吸收、机体免疫力和肠道菌群平衡方面结合已有的试验结果分析了凝结芽孢杆菌对生猪生长性能改善的作用机理;提出了凝结芽孢杆菌在生猪养殖应用中存在的问题及建议,以期为进一步开发应用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂提供参考。 相似文献