鸡志贺氏菌感染的血清流行病学调查

利用研制的鸡志贺氏菌平板凝集抗原及微量平板凝集试验，对我国河南、山东等不同地区35家鸡场具有拉稀病史的670只鸡血清灭活样品进行了检测。通过检测对鸡志贺氏菌病的发病率、流行地区、品种，日龄及其混合感染等进行血清流行病学调查。结果表明：我国部分地区存在有鸡志贺氏菌感染，其血清抗体阳性率较高，达28．3％（155／547）～33．7％（226／670），已远远超过鸡白痢鸡伤寒（1．4％）。目前该病在我国部分地区已广泛流行，不同品种和日龄的鸡均可发生，但血清阳性率存在显著差异，其中固始鸡和罗曼鸡血清阳性率高于其他品种，幼雏血清阳性率高于成鸡。鲍氏血清型阳性率高于痢疾型，并以二者混合感染为主，而该病与鸡白痢鸡伤寒的混合感染很少发生。     

袋鼠源志贺氏菌的分离鉴定

志贺氏菌(Shigella),是一类革兰阴性、不活动、不产生孢子、无荚膜、无鞭毛、多数有菌毛的杆状细菌,可引起人和其他哺乳类动物的细菌性痢疾.根据其抗原构造的不同,可分为4个种,即称痢疾志贺氏菌(Sh.dysenteriae)、福氏志贺氏菌(Sh.flexneri)、鲍氏志贺氏菌(Sh.boydii)、宋内氏志贺氏菌(Sh.sonnei).     

志贺氏菌显色培养基在饲料检测中的应用研究

探讨志贺氏菌显色培养基在饲料志贺氏菌检测中的应用。将痢疾志贺氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌、鲍氏志贺氏菌和宋氏志贺氏菌标准菌制备成10-5、10-6、10-7梯度稀释的菌液,对志贺氏菌显色培养基、HE琼脂、SS琼脂、麦康凯琼脂、伊红美蓝琼脂进行检测灵敏度的评价。利用人工污染饲料样品进行显色培养基和上述四种普通培养基检出率的测试。结果表明:志贺氏菌显色培养基和普通培养基的检测灵敏度均为10-7;对混合污染样品的检测中,显色培养基优于普通培养基。志贺氏菌显色培养基用于饲料志贺氏菌的检测,具有菌落形态易于分辨的特点,适合于饲料中志贺氏菌的检测。     

鸭源鸡杆菌平板凝集检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种方便、快捷的鸭源鸡杆菌血清抗体诊断方法,通过用鸭源鸡杆菌YT-1株制备抗原,然后免疫健康家兔制备阴阳性血清,建立了鸭源鸡杆菌平板凝集检测方法,并进行特异性试验,确定抗原最佳工作浓度,同时用该方法进行临床样品检测。结果显示：鸭源鸡杆菌染色抗原与鸡源阳性血清产生明显凝集,而与鸡源阴性血清以及鸡大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌、副鸡嗜血杆菌、禽流感病毒、鸡新城疫病毒、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒和禽腺病毒等病原的阳性血清均不凝集;当抗原浓度为5×109 CFU/mL时,抗原与血清凝集最佳。结果表明,建立的鸭源鸡杆菌血清抗体平板凝集试验方法具有良好的特异性,可用于开产前后鸡群鸭源鸡杆菌的检测评估及流行病学调查。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌平板凝集抗原的制备

从郑州某鸡场死亡雏鸡的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中分离纯化细茵,通过致病性试验、生化试验,并结合临床症状、病理变化和培养特性鉴定为鸡白痢沙门氏菌.经传代分离株、培养细菌、收集细菌、灭活细菌、浓缩抗原、调整抗原浓度、无菌检查及染色制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌平板凝集抗原,建立了检测鸡白痢血清抗体的微量平板凝集法.该方法具有特异性强、操作简便快速的优点.     

鸡新城疫诊断抗原制备方法的研究

将疑似新城疫病料无菌采集后进行RT-PCR鉴定,将阳性病料研磨后接种SPF鸡胚,收获的阳性尿囊液进行血凝试验(HA)及血凝抑制试验(HI)检测病毒效价,病毒效价达到2~7~2~8,病毒凝集效价达到10log2。使用10%蔗糖溶液及18-25k Da透析袋对阳性尿囊液进行浓缩,浓缩至原体积的1/5;10%福尔马林灭活诊断抗原,经过6h后灭活达100%;诊断抗原效价测定:血凝效价为2~(10);血凝抑制效价为10log2。利用制备的鸡新城疫诊断抗原和鸡新城疫标准诊断抗原与鸡新城疫标准检测抗体进行血凝试验(HA)与血凝抑制试验(HI),对比结果:鸡新城疫诊断抗原病毒效价为2~(10),高于鸡新城疫标准诊断抗原的2~9,鸡新城疫诊断抗原凝集效价为10log2,等同于鸡新城疫标准诊断抗原,证明所制备鸡新城疫诊断抗原符合要求,可以应用到生产实践中。     

布鲁氏菌A、M因子血清的研制

研制牛种布鲁氏菌A因子血清和羊种布鲁氏菌M因子血清,用于光滑型布鲁氏菌特异性种属鉴定。将灭活牛种布鲁氏菌2308株及羊种布鲁氏菌16M株免疫1.5~2 kg家兔各5只制备高免血清。对高免血清采用抗原交叉吸附的方法,制得A、M因子血清,分装冻干后置-20℃保存。微量试管凝集试验结果显示:研制的A因子血清对16M抗原在1∶2.5时无凝集现象,对2308抗原凝集价为1∶320;研制的M因子血清对2308抗原在1∶2.5时无凝集现象,对16M抗原凝集价为1∶160。玻片凝集试验结果显示:研制的A、M因子血清对异种抗原无凝集现象。试验表明,研制的A、M因子血清具有特异性强、效价高的特点,可辅助光滑型布鲁氏菌特异性种属鉴定。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌平板凝集抗原的制备

从郑州某鸡场死亡雏鸡的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中分离纯化细菌，通过致病性试验、生化试验，并结合临床症状、病理变化和培养特性鉴定为鸡白痢沙门氏菌。经传代分离株、培养细菌、收集细菌、灭活细菌、浓缩抗原、调整抗原浓度、无菌检查及染色制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌平板凝集抗原，建立了检测鸡白痢血清抗体的微量平板凝集法。该方法具有特异性强、操作简便快速的优点。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清国家标准品制备用菌株的筛选

为了制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清标准型国家标准品及鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清变异型国家标准品,对中国兽医微生物菌种保藏管理中心保藏的10株来源背景清晰的鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌株的形态、生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、抗原性进行了鉴定,并进行了变异检查及沙门氏菌基于inv A基因的PCR检测。结果表明,CVCC79201株及CVCC79207株分别符合鸡白痢沙门氏菌标准型菌株及变异型菌株的特性,CVCC79201株菌制备的抗原与WHO标准实验室提供的AntiS.Pullorum Serum(S)及Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(V)国际标准品的强阳性血清和弱阳性血清均能发生100%凝集,CVCC79207株菌制备的抗原与Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(S)国际标准品的弱阳性血清发生75%凝集,与Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(S)国际标准品的强阳性血清及Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(V)国际标准品的强阳性血清和弱阳性血清均能发生100%凝集。用其制备免疫抗原免疫家兔后获得的阳性血清效价较高于鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清国际标准品。结果证明,CVCC79201株及CVCC79207株可分别用于制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清标准型国家标准品及鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清变异型国家标准品。     

微量凝集试验检测鸡大肠杆菌抗体方法的建立及应用

建立了检测鸡大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ）抗 的微量凝集试验法，所用抗原由苗株制得。经方阵试验，抗原最适浓度为４０亿菌／ｍｌ，反应最佳时间为４小时。攻毒试验表明凝集抗体介在１：１６时免疫鸡保护率要达５０％以上，且凝集抗体水平与保护力呈明显正相关。经Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ多价油乳剂灭活苗免疫的青年鸡在免疫后４２琦平均抗这７．２５ｌｏｇ２本法敏感性高、特异性强、染色抗原使结果判定更加客观和明显。为鸡大肠杆菌病的流行病     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.