共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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<正> 配方组分和粒度确定之后,调质处理的效果对对虾饲料的质量和耐水性有直接的影响。目前对虾饲料生产中调质处理有如下问题。 1.忽视调质处理普遍采用生产禽畜饲料的调质器——压制机来生产对虾饲料,其淀粉糊化仅16%~25%。用这种设备来压制对虾饲料不仅质量差而且耐水性也不好。按对虾饲料的特性要求,在生产上应强化调质处理,以采用卧式夹套调质器/熟化器的组合方式为宜,即采用三道调质器;或采用调质器+熟化器;或采用调质器+熟化器+调质器。采用上述组合后,淀 相似文献
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饲料厂经理们赞同强烈的湿热短时处理会给饲料加工带来的好处。高温短时(HTST)或超级调质在代替或附加于常用的蒸汽调质器用于制粒操作上尤其令人关注。这种没有严格限定的超级调质器能使调质物料温度上升到90℃或更高,并且明显地提高制粒机的产量和粒料质量、灭菌和提高油脂、液体原料以及副产品的用量。通常它们在家禽饲料生产中应用比较普遍。 如螺旋式、带压力、环状间隙膨胀器之类超级调质器已经应用10多年了。今天,在这个饲料加工的特殊领域充满多种技术。现在饲料厂经理们希望超级调质器既有对某些产品好的性能参 相似文献
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1 调质工艺的现状 饲料生产企业无论是生产膨化料还是颗粒料,都无一例外地要对物料进行调质+以期达到稳定的工艺条件。在生产过程中,许多企业在调质这一环节大多采用普通单轴调质器或双轴调质器,调质效果很难达到工艺要求。 相似文献
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高压调质环隙膨胀机 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
1 调质技术的发展 由于低成本配方需求的增长,饲料生产者经常被迫使用低质量的制粒原料。因此在生产高质量的颗粒料要求下,在制粒之前的饲料混合的调质已经成为一种必要的步骤。90年代,制粒技术的发展已到达如下的阶段: 带有短时调质器处理的制粒,最高生产温度达到80℃左右,调质时间5~20s; 带有较长时间调质器处理的制粒,最高生产温度相似,凋质时间5~30min; 带有高温长时间调质作用的制粒,最高生产温度达到90℃,调质时间约为20min; 对于连续不断的揉捻效果来说,双重制粒最高生产温度达到90℃左右。 用于需较长时间的调质器,在制粒以前加入液体如12%的脂肪或12%的糖蜜,可以改善制粒质量。但由于空间的限制,制粒机如安装长时间调质器一般不大可能,现代发展的新的调质技术,可与任何现存的制粒机“兼容”,新的调质技术采用环隙膨胀机,有以下优点:改进了制粒质量并有较高的产出率;可加入高百分比的液体;提高了饲料转化率;杀菌;较少的故障时间;更低的产品成本。 相似文献
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为了生产报酬更高、质量更好的水产颗粒饲料,各饲料厂家不断采用新配方、新工艺和新设备。在水产颗粒饲料制造技术中,饲料调质技术是一个关键环节,饲料调质得好,对于改善饲料营养结构、杀灭细菌、改善制粒条件、提高产量、提高质量以及提高耐水性,增加鱼、虾、蟹等的采食,提高消化率等都有重要作用。目前,国内生产水产颗粒饲料的主要设备是制粒机和膨化机,两种设备都必须配备某种类型的调质器。由于水产饲料对调质要求较高,对所配调质器也有特殊要求,如制粒机上主要配置二至三层单筒式加长调质器,膨化机上主要配置双轴差速调质器等。这两种… 相似文献
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<正> 目前国内饲料厂生产对虾饲料采用的调质技术大体可分为两类:前熟化和熟化。前熟化即制粒前对粉料进行调质,用卧式调质器/熟化器进行蒸汽热处理。此法曾一度普遍地用在虾饲料厂中,若再配套烘干工序并在配方中添加合适的粘结剂,则所得的虾饲料质量也不错。优质产品海马牌饲料就是用此法 相似文献
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为探索自制环保型土壤改良剂应用于黄土高原半干旱区后对土壤的改良效果,选用一年生黑麦草进行盆栽试验,统计分析一年生黑麦草生长生理指标,比较3种自制土壤改良剂(A,B,C)和1种市场土壤改良剂(D)的作用效果,以筛选出适宜的土壤改良剂。研究结果表明,土壤改良剂能改善土壤的通透性,对一年生黑麦草出苗率影响不大;添加土壤改良剂能显著提高一年生黑麦草的株高、分蘖数、生物量、含水率、P 肥和 N 肥表观利用率;与市场改良剂和对照 CK 相比,添加自制环保型土壤改良剂 C 的处理,其植株株高分别提高了16.6%和33.7%,分蘖数提高了18.5%和33.8%,生物量提高了40%和185%,土壤改良剂 C 作用下 P 肥表观利用率达到10.28%,说明自制环保型土壤改良剂 C 的促进作用最佳。研究结果将为黄土半干旱区土壤改良剂的研发以及植被恢复提供理论指导作用。 相似文献
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不同改良剂对盐碱地土壤及草地早熟禾生长的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
改良盐碱化土壤是当前亟待解决的环境问题,合理选用土壤改良剂和改良方法对盐碱地的开发利用有重要意义。本研究以兰州新区的盐碱土为盆栽土进行盆栽种植草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)试验,设有底层衬膜施加不同土壤改良剂的10个处理、底层衬膜不施加土壤改良剂和不衬膜施加1号改良剂。通过测定施加改良剂前土壤的基本理化性质及施加土壤改良剂后土壤p H、全盐量及草地早熟禾的生长指标,对不同的土壤改良剂的效果进行分析对比,选择出最有效的土壤改良剂和改良方法。结果表明,施加土壤改良剂后土壤的p H和全盐量低于施加前,草地早熟禾的高度、密度和盖度优于没有添加改良剂的处理。所选10种盐碱改良剂中,嗜盐碱微生物菌肥改良剂效果最好,改良后土壤p H和全盐量分别为7.37和0.28%,比改良前分别降低了1.09和0.32%,草地早熟禾的高度、密度、盖度及叶绿素含量分别为9.68 cm、2.09株·cm~(-2)、99%、3.13 mg·g~(-1),改良效果优于无机改良剂和有机肥。土壤底层衬膜对盐碱土的改良效果优于底层不衬膜处理,衬膜处理下土壤p H、全盐量、草地早熟禾生长密度、高度与不衬膜处理相比差异显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
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《The Professional Animal Scientist》2004,20(6):518-523
A total of 320 finishing pigs (72 to 90 kg) was used in four studies to assess the efficacy of various moving devices by evaluation of pig behavior and time to complete a standardized course. The handler was behind the pigs (n = 3) with the objective of moving the pigs forward. In the first study, pig reactions to an electric prod or paddle touching their ham, neck, rear hock or back, or on their left or right side were recorded. The percentage of pigs moving forward was greatest (P<0.05) when pigs were touched on their back. Future work standardized touching pigs on their back to get them to move forward. In the second study, paddles colored blue, red, or green were found equally effective (P>0.05) at moving pigs. Studies then standardized evaluations using blue devices. In the third study, the electric prod, paddle, and board were evaluated for time to complete the course. A handler using a board required less time (P<0.05) to move pigs compared with an electric prod or paddle. Pig vocalization was similar after being touched with either the paddle or electric prod, but these devices caused more pig vocalization than the board (P<0.05). In the fourth study, the board was compared with a flag. The board and flag were statistically equal in time required to move pigs through the course. In conclusion, the board was the most efficacious moving device among those evaluated. 相似文献
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Controlled atmosphere stunning of broiler chickens. II. Effects on behaviour, physiology and meat quality in a commercial processing plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
McKeegan DE Abeyesinghe SM McLeman MA Lowe JC Demmers TG White RP Kranen RW van Bemmel H Lankhaar JA Wathes CM 《British poultry science》2007,48(4):430-442
1. The effects of controlled atmosphere stunning on behavioural and physiological responses, and carcase and meat quality of broiler chickens were studied experimentally in a full scale processing plant. 2. The gas mixtures tested were a single phase hypercapnic anoxic mixture of 60% Ar and 30% CO(2) in air with <2% O(2), and a biphasic hypercapnic hyperoxygenation mixture, comprising an anaesthetic phase, 40% CO(2), 30% O(2), 30% N(2), followed by an euthanasia phase, 80% CO(2), 5% O(2), 15% N(2). 3. Birds stunned with Ar + CO(2) were more often observed to flap their wings earlier, jump, paddle their legs, twitch and lie dorsally (rather than ventrally) than those stunned with CO(2) + O(2). These behaviours indicate a more agitated response with more severe convulsions during hypercapnic anoxia, thereby introducing greater potential for injury. 4. Heart rate during the first 100 s of gas stunning was similar for both gases, after which it remained constant at approximately 230 beats/min for CO(2) + O(2) birds whereas it declined gently for Ar + CO(2) birds. 5. In terms of carcase and meat quality, there appeared to be clear advantages to the processor in using CO(2) + O(2) rather than Ar + CO(2) to stun broiler chickens, for example, a much smaller number of fractured wings (1.6 vs. 6.8%) with fewer haemorrhages of the fillet. 6. This study supports the conclusions of both laboratory and pilot scale experiments that controlled atmosphere stunning of broiler chickens based upon a biphasic hypercapnic hyperoxygenation approach has advantages, in terms of welfare and carcase and meat quality, over a single phase hypercapnic anoxic approach employing 60% Ar and 30% CO(2) in air with <2% O(2). 相似文献
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人工驯养条件下绿孔雀腿部“船桨状”畸形成功矫正的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工驯养条件下绿孔雀常常因种源、饲养环境、技术条件等诸多因素导致其腿部畸形的发生。2003~2010年,我们共繁殖绿孔雀120余只,蓝孔雀800余只,其中有19只绿孔雀,100余只蓝孔雀出现"船桨状"畸形,畸形率达到了12%~16%。此类畸形一旦发生,如不及时矫正,1~2 d便会死亡。为此我们对出现该类畸形的个体进行了矫正试验,通过不断改进,最终形成了较为简单、有效的应对方法——用毛线在其跗蹠最下端进行简单的捆绑固定进行牵引矫正,畸形个体一般3~10 min内可行走,10 d左右便可康复。最终有17只绿孔雀,96只蓝孔雀获得康复,康复率达到了90%以上。同时我们还对出现此类情况的野鸭、斑头雁、非洲冠鹤等进行了该项矫正操作,均获得了康复。所以,我们认为这个方法的应用对早成鸟幼雏"船桨状"畸形的矫正是非常可行和有效的,其适用范围是普遍的,可以借鉴和推广。 相似文献
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The round Steinmann pin alone or in combinations with additional pins, orthopedic wire, Kirschner splint is a very versatile method of skeletal fixation which is applicable to tiny or large breeds and to the very young or mature animals. The objective of rigid skeletal fixation can be achieved if principles of auxiliary skeletal fixation are used in complicated fractures. For uniform success with each of the three types of intramedullary nailing described (Kuentscher, Rush, Steinmann) it is essential that the principles of accurate reduction and rigid fixation be followed. The method of Kuentscher is most limited in application to the dog. Rush pins are somewhat more versatile. The pins can be used singly or in pairs for shaft fractures but have a specific advantage for firm fixation of fractures in the cancellous bone near the ends of the shaft. The Steinmann (round) intramedullary pin is the most versatile, however it is frequently necessary to use auxiliary pins, orthopedic wire, or half Kirschner to achieve rigid fixation. 相似文献